可聚合非离子型表面活性剂的合成及其性能

由甲苯二异氰酸酯、丙烯醇和不同分子量的聚乙烯醇合成了3种可聚合非离子表面活性剂（Ⅱ-PEG400、Ⅱ-PEG1000和Ⅱ-PEG2000）,用FT-IR对分子结构进行了表征。 结果表明,随聚乙烯醇分子量的增加,非离子表面活性剂的电导率显著增加、表面张力由36.28 mN/m降低至31.30 mN/m、浊点由39.6 ℃增加至58.9 ℃,对丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)的乳化能力均优于常用乳化剂OP-10,以AIBN作引发剂在70 ℃下既能均聚又可与丙烯酸酯进行共聚反应。     

新型非离子表面活性剂的合成与表征

环氧化合物;新型非离子表面活性剂的合成与表征;疏水间隔链;聚氧乙烯     

Synthesis of Ferrierite-Type Zeolite in the Presence of a Catalytic Amount of Pyrrolidine and Sodium Bis(2-ethyhlhexyl) Sulfosuccinate

Synthesis of ferrierite (FER) type zeolite with varying Si to Al ratios in the presence of a catalytic amount of pyrrolidine and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) in aqueous media is reported. The surfactant moieties direct pyrrolidine molecules in a particular fashion, resulting in a sixfold decrease in the required amount of template as compared to conventional procedure, for FER crystallization. The product obtained was highly crystalline and pure. In the presence of AOT alone, ferrierite co-crystallized with the ZSM-5 phase, indicating AOT is not acting as a structure-directing agent and a small concentration of pyrrolidine ( approximately 2 wt%) template is essential for the ferrierite crystallization. A scanning electron micrograph showed uniformity in crystals (average 2-3 μm) consisting of broad plate type morphology. The crystal structure of FER (AOT/Py) maintains structural integrity until about 1000 degrees C. FER (AOT/Py) has been further characterized by employing XRD, XRF, IR, and TG/DTA techniques. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Clouding Behavior and Thermodynamic Study of Nonionic Surfactants in Presence of Additives

The present study investigates the effect of different additives on the cloud point (CP) of nonionic surfactants Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Triton X-114 (TX-114) in aqueous solutions. The thermodynamic parameters of these mixtures were calculated at different additive concentrations. The cloud point of nonionic surfactants TX-100 and TX-114 decreased with the increment of electrolyte concentrations and increased with alcohol concentrations. The standard Gibbs free energy was found to be positive for both the surfactants, whereas the enthalpy and the entropy of the clouding phenomenon were found to be positive with alcohols and negative with electrolytes. The overall clouding process was endothermic for alcohols and exothermic for electrolytes.     

Activity of Nonionic Surfactants

The surface activity of block copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxides, based on ethylenediamine, mono(ethylene glycol), and triethanolamine, was studied. Adsorption characteristics of the investigated compounds at the water-air interface are estimated.     

Synthesis and Properties of Nonionic Surfactants from Rosin-Imides Maleic Anhydride Adduct

Ester-adduct derivatives of rosin were synthesized by reacting rosin with polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) or 2000 (PEG2000) and maleic anhydride (MA) at elevated temperature. These derivatives were evaluated for acid number, FTIR spectroscopy, molecular weight (Mw), and polydispersity. The derivatives were soluble in organic solvents; aqueous solubility was pH dependent. Rosin-imides were synthesized from a rosin ester-maleic anhydride adducts. It was condensed with diaminobutane or triethylene tetramine to obtain rosinimides. This imide was etherified by reaction with PEG in the presence of β,β′-dichlorodiethyl ether as a linking agent and NaOH as a catalyst. The surface properties of the prepared surfactants were determined by measuring the surface tension at different temperatures. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration and surface activities were determined at different temperatures. Surface parameters such as surface excess concentration (Γmax), the area per molecule at interface (Amin), and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (πCMC) were determined from the adsorption isotherms of the prepared surfactants. Some thermodynamic data for the adsorption process were calculated and are discussed.     

Oleate Ester-Derived Nonionic Surfactants: Synthesis and Cloud Point Behavior Studies

The synthesis and cloud point behavior of high oleate ester-derived nonionic surfactants are now reported. The effect of various polyethoxylate chain lengths (polyethylene glycol with 7, 11, and 16 units of ethylene oxide (EO) monomer) as the surfactant's hydrophilic head on the cloud point was investigated. The effect of varying amounts of sodium chloride and five different ionic surfactants on the cloud points of the synthesized nonionic surfactants were also presented. When the chain length of polyethoxylate increased, the cloud point of the synthesized nonionic surfactant also increased, ranging from 16°C, 43°C, and 64°C for 7, 11, and 16 EO units, respectively. Increments in sodium chloride concentration depressed the cloud point values of the synthesized nonionic surfactants linearly. The addition of ionic surfactants elevated the cloud points of the synthesized nonionic surfactant. However, in the presence of sodium chloride, the cloud point of the mixed ionic-nonionic solution was suppressed and anincrease in ionic surfactant concentration was required to elevate the cloud point. It was also found that the cloud points of synthesized surfactants can be raised up to 95°C in the presence of 4wt% NaCl solution.     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚二聚和三聚表面活性剂的合成及表面性质

合成了系列壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚二聚表面活性剂(DNP)和三聚表面活性剂(TNP), 用核磁共振、红外光谱和元素分析等手段对其结构进行了表征, 并用表面张力法和稳态荧光法对DNP和TNP的表面性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 随着氧乙烯(EO)单元数的增长, DNP和TNP的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值逐渐增大; DNP和TNP的cmc值较相应的单体壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂(NP)明显降低, 显示了较高的表面活性、吸附能力和润湿能力.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Spheres Using Anionic and Nonionic Mixed Surfactants for Their Potential Application in LC

Ordered mesoporous silicas (OMSs) with spherical morphology were synthesized by using mixed surfactants of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and nonionic block copolymer EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀ (P123) as template through an acid-catalyzed silica sol?Cgel process. A variety of characterizations demonstrated that the silica products exhibited well-formed spherical morphology, ordered mesostructure, narrow pore size distribution and large surface area (~700 m² g^?1). It was found that the synthesized OMSs had high adsorption capacity by using oxymatrine as model solute. The column packed with the silica spheres exhibited low back pressure and baseline separation of aromatic compounds such as benzene and nitrobenzene could be achieved. These results demonstrated the synthesized OMSs as a potential stationary phase for liquid chromatography.     

Studies of Monolayer and Mixed Micelle Formation of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants in the Presence of Adenosine-5-monophosphate

The interactions between the anionic surfactant di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate sodium salt (DEP) and two nonionic surfactants, dimethyldecyl phosphineoxide (DDPO) and dimethyltetradecyl phosphineoxide (DTPO), at the interface and in the micellar phases were investigated in the absence and presence of adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid disodium salt (AMP). The mixed systems were DEP–DDPO, DEP–DDPO/AMP (0.001 mol⋅L⁻¹), DEP–DTPO, and DEP–DTPO/AMP (0.001 mol⋅L⁻¹) at different bulk mole fractions of the anionic component (α ₁=0.9,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2). The mixed systems studied were investigated based on the theoretical models of Rubingh and Clint. The results showed surface tension reduction efficiency. The adsorbed mixed monolayer demonstrated stronger interactions than the mixed micelles, whereas AMP increased the interfacial interactions more than those in the micellar phase. The Gibbs energy of mixing suggests that the stability of the mixed micellar phase is greater than that of the micellar phases of the individual components. The synergism that occurred in the different mixed phases is discussed.     

基于胱氨酸的Gemini型表面活性剂的合成及其性质

合成了基于胱氨酸的两种Gemini表面活性剂, N,N’-二对丁氧基肉桂酰胺基胱氨酸钠(SDBCC)和N,N’-二癸酰胺基胱氨酸钠(SDDC). 利用表面张力、动态光散射(DLS)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了体系的表面性质和聚集行为.     

乙醇法合成硼硅Pentasil型分子筛

七十年代,美国Mobil公司^[1]发表了ZSM-5型沸石分子筛的专利,该沸石具有独特的结构和良好的催化性能,在石油化工技术中业已展现出广阔的应用前景.1980年,M.Taramasso^[2]等人用四丙基胺、正硅酸乙酯等原料合成出了四种硼硅分子筛.1981年,作者^[3]在国内首次用有机胶合成出硼硅Pentasil型分子筛(ZSM-5型).本文以水玻璃、白炭黑为硅源,用乙醇取代有机胺,在微量导向剂存在下,合成了硼硅pentasil型分子筛;并用正交实验的方法探讨了合成中诸因素对分子筛结晶度的影响.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite Hexanediamine-Theta-1

The synthesis of zeolite HXDM-Theta-1(HXDM = hexanediamine) from the reaction mixture HXDM-Al2O3-SiO2-HF-H2O is described. The formation of HXDM-Theta-1 is favoured at 150℃, and a mixture of Theta-1 and ZSM-5 is obtained at a higher temperature. The asynthesized Theta-1 was characterized by means of scanning electron micrography, thermal analysis and 13C MAS NMR techniques. Keywords Theta-1, Hydrothermal crystallization, Hexanediamine template, Thermal analysis, 13C MAS NMR     

ERB-1分子筛的合成与表征

 分别以白炭黑、硼酸和氢氧化钠为硅源、硼源和碱源,以六亚甲基亚胺为模板剂,系统地研究了硅硼比、碱量、模板剂用量和水量对合成ERB-1分子筛的影响,并采用N2物理吸附、吸附NH3的程序升温脱附、热重和差热分析、 X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段对样品的表面性质、酸性和热稳定性进行了表征. 结果表明,合成ERB-1分子筛较好的原料组成为 n(SiO2)/n(B2O3)=0.6～2, n(H2O)/n(SiO2)=40, n(NaOH)/n(SiO2)=0.1～0.2和n(HMI)/n(SiO2)=0.8～1; ERB-1分子筛上的酸中心以弱酸为主,且酸强度较低; ERB-1的结构在800 ℃以下保持稳定.     

Water Solubilization in Mixed Nonionic Surfactants Microemulsions

The systems investigated were water/sucrose laurate/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/oleic phase. The oleic phase used first was the pure oils R (+)-limonene, isopropylmyristate, and caprylic-capric triglyceride; these oils were then mixed with ethanol at different mixing ratios (w/w). The total area of the one phase microemulsion region is dependent on the mixing ratios (w/w) of the mixed surfactants and that of the ethanol/oil. The largest microemulsion phase area formed with a surfactants mixing ratio (w/w) equals unity. For the systems where the oleic phase was a mixture of oil and ethanol, the total area of the monophasic microemulsion increases with the increase in the ethanol/oil mixing ratio (w/w). The Gibbs free energy of solubilization was estimated. It increases as the mixing ratio (w/w) of ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/sucrose laurate increases and with the increase in the ethanol/oil mixing ratio (w/w). The Gibbs free energy of solubilization decreases with the increase in the water content in the water-in-oil microemulsions. The values of the Gibbs free energy of solubilization are higher for oil-in-water microemulsions compared to those of the water-in-oil microemulsions.     

苄泽类非离子型表面活性剂与明胶的相互作用

采用表面张力和稳态荧光光谱法考察了具有不同疏水结构的2种苄泽类非离子型表面活性剂Brij58和Brij78与明胶之间的相互作用。结果表明,苄泽类非离子型表面活性剂与明胶之间相互作用的驱动力为疏水作用力,且两者之间的相互作用受到其疏水基团的影响,Brij78在明胶溶液中的临界聚集浓度低于Brij58体系,表明疏水链更长的Brij78与明胶之间的相互作用更强。明胶分子的内源荧光光谱强度受苄泽类非离子型表面活性剂的影响,但最大吸收峰位置未发生蓝移,Brij78/明胶体系的内源荧光强度高于Brij58/明胶体系;此外,表面活性剂浓度较低时,明胶的加入使溶液中疏水微区极性明显降低,且明胶浓度越大降低程度越大。     

Gemini表面活性剂的合成、表征及性能测定——油田化学专业综合实验

介绍一个油田化学专业综合实验,通过该实验可了解Gemini表面活性剂的发展现状,掌握阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂BQAS的合成及纯化方法,了解结构表征的原理和方法,掌握表面性能和缓蚀性能的评价方法。     

Al-ITQ-13分子筛的快速合成及表征

通过设计首次提出针对ITQ-13分子筛晶化促进剂的合成策略,ITQ-13分子筛.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N2吸附、原位红外(FTIR)及固体核磁(27Al NMR)等测试手段对ITQ-13分子筛的物化性能进行了表征,考察了晶化过程中结晶度的变化,得出了晶化过程的动力学参数,对晶化机理进行了探讨.结果表明:快速合成法与传统方法合成的ITQ-13分子筛具有相似的物化性能,并且可以合成含有更多骨架铝的ITQ-13分子筛;NO3-的加入通过极化憎水基团,加速SiOSi物质结合,降低ITQ-13分子筛的成核活化能以及生长活化能,从而可以提高晶化速率,缩短晶化时间至11 h.