Timoshenko-Type Theory in the Stability Analysis of Corrugated Cylindrical Shells

A technique is proposed for stability analysis of longitudinally corrugated shells under axial compression. The technique employs the equations of the Timoshenko-type nonlinear theory of shells. The geometrical parameters of shells are specified on discrete set of points and are approximated by segments of Fourier series. Infinite systems of homogeneous algebraic equations are derived from a variational equation written in displacements to determine the critical loads and buckling modes. Specific types of corrugated isotropic metal and fiberglass shells are considered. The calculated results are compared with those obtained within the framework of the classical theory of shells. It is shown that the Timoshenko-type theory extends significantly the possibility of exact allowance for the geometrical parameters and material properties of corrugated shells compared with Kirchhoff–Love theory.     

On the Applicability Domain of the Assumptions in the Theory of Ribbed Shells

The assumptions adopted in the theory of ribbed shell are formulated. It is pointed out that they should be taken into account in analyzing calculated results     

A Set of Strain-Displacement Relations in Nonlinear Theories of Rods and Shells

The direct approach of Reissner and of Simmonds and Danielson is used to derive polynomial approximations to the strain-displacement relations in nonlinear theories of rods and shells via the representation of the finite rotational displacement matrix in terms of the exponential of an antisymmetric matrix.     

Some Nonlinear Relations of the Mathematical Theory of Nonthin Shells

The expansion of functions into Fourier series in terms of Legendre polynomials is used to state some relations of the geometrically nonlinear theory of nonthin anisotropic shells with a variable thickness. A system of equilibrium equations and corresponding boundary conditions are constructed     

On Shear and Torsion Factors in the Theory of Linearly Elastic Rods

Lower bounds for the factors entering the standard notions of shear and torsion stiffness for a linearly elastic rod are established in a new and simple way. The proofs are based on the following criterion to identify the stiffness parameters entering rod theory: the rod’s stored-energy density per unit length expressed in terms of force and moment resultants should equal the stored-energy density per unit length expressed in terms of stress components of a Saint-Venant cylinder subject to either flexure or torsion, according to the case. It is shown that the shear factor is always greater than one, whatever the cross section, a fact that is customarily stated without proof in textbooks of structure mechanics; and that the torsion factor is also greater than one, except when the cross section is a circle or a circular annulus, a fact that is usually proved making use of Saint-Venant’s solution in terms of displacement components.     

Influence of Initial Conditions on the Postcritical Behavior of a Nonlinear Aeroelastic System

The behavior of a nonlinear, non-Hamiltonian system in the postcritical (flutter) domain is studied with special attention to the influence of initial conditions on the properties of attractors situated at a certain point of the control parameter space. As a prototype system, an elastic panel is considered that is subjected to a combination of supersonic gas flow and quasistatic loading in the middle surface. A two natural modes approximation, resulting in a four-dimensional phase space and several control parameters is considered in detail. For two fixed points in the control parameter space, several plane sections of the four-dimensional space of initial conditions are presented and the asymptotic behavior of the final stationary responses are identified. Amongst the latter there are stable periodic orbits, both symmetric and asymmetric with respect to the origin, as well as chaotic attractors. The mosaic structure of the attraction basins is observed. In particular, it is shown that even for neighboring initial conditions can result in distinctly different nonstationary responses asymptotically approach quite different types of attractors. A number of closely neighboring periodic attractors are observed, separated by Hopf bifurcations. Periodic attractors also are observed under special initial conditions in the domains where chaotic behavior is usually expected.     

Reduced-Stiffness Method in the Theory of Shells

The fundamentals of the reduced-stiffness method, which is used in buckling analysis of reinforced and perfect and imperfect nonreinforced shells, are set out. The method is validated analytically and experimentally. The lower bound determined by this method is very close to the experimental lower bound. Some aspects of the current state and prospects for development and generalization of the method are discussed     

Asymptotic Behavior of Structures Made of Straight Rods

This paper is devoted to describe the deformations and the elastic energy for structures made of straight rods of thickness 2δ when δ tends to 0. This analysis relies on the decomposition of the large deformation of a single rod introduced in Blanchard and Griso (Anal. Appl. 7(1):21–71, 2009) and on the extension of this technique to a multi-structure. We characterize the asymptotic behavior of the infimum of the total elastic energy as the minimum of a limit functional for an energy of order δ ^β (2<β≤4).     

On the Material Symmetry of Elastic Rods

This paper presents a treatment of material symmetry for hyperelastic rods. The rod theory of interest is based on a Cosserat (or directed) curve with two director fields, and was developed in a series of works by Green, Naghdi and several of their co-workers. The treatment is based on Murdoch and Cohen's work on material symmetry of Cosserat surfaces. Two material symmetry groups are discussed: one pertains to the strain-energy function, while the other pertains to the response functions. The paper closes by showing how the treatment relates to the form-invariant approach used in Green and Naghdi's papers and a treatment proposed recently by Cohen. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Paradoxical Bending Behavior of Shearable Nonlinearly Elastic Rods

In nonlinear elasticity the exact geometry of deformation is combined with general constitutive relations. This allows a very sophisticated interaction of deformations in different material directions. Based on the Cosserat theory for planar deformations of nonlinearly elastic rods we demonstrate some paradoxical bending effects caused by a nontrivial interaction of extension, flexure, and shear. The analytical results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

On Accounting for the Cubic Terms in the Equations of the Nonlinear Timoshenko Theory of Plates

Based on the Timoshenko hypotheses, the equations of the nonlinear theory of plates are derived without restriction on the displacements. Then these equations are systematized in the case where the expressions for transverse-shear strains, curvatures, and torsion contain third-order terms. As an example, the equations are used to solve the problem on the initial postcritical behavior of plates. It is demonstrated that cylindrical bending is the case where the theory should necessarily be corrected as proposed     

Evolution of the Theory of Laminated Plates and Shells

The theory of laminated plates and shells is considered. Three-dimensional models of layered systems and methods of reducing them to two-dimensional models are elucidated. An analysis is made of how two-dimensional models are constructed by the method of hypotheses. Two basic approaches to the construction are presented: one leads to the discrete structural theory of laminated systems and the other to continuous structural theory. Attention is drawn to transverse shear and reduction in nonclassical theories of high approximation. The finite-element implementation of the theory is described. Examples of analysis by various models are given. Results of an applicability analysis of various theories and experimental data supporting them are presented. New research areas for the theory of laminated structures are pointed out.     

Postbuckling Behavior of Compressed Rods in an Elastic Medium

The postbuckling of rods loaded by a compressive force P in an elastic medium is considered. The resolving nonlinear equation is obtained, and a method for solving this equation is given. It is shown that, for large lengths, in contrast to the case without elastic medium, the deflection increases as the force P decreases after the loss of stability. Several simple finite-element models, namely, the problems of compression of multilink rods with links connected by springs, are considered to confirm this effect.     

边坡预应力锚杆蠕变的数值分析

运用非线性蠕变分析理论模型,采用MSC.MARC软件重点研究了锚杆的应力指数、蠕变系数和几何参数的变化对于锚杆应力松弛的影响.通过对预应力锚杆支护的边坡进行数值分析,探讨了锚杆的蠕变规律以及锚杆预应力松弛现象.锚杆的参数取不同数值时,比较数值模拟结果发现:锚杆的轴力和剪力主要分布在锚固段的前端;随着锚杆应力指数及蠕变系数的增加,蠕变应变增大,应力松弛加快.     

Remarks on the Approximate Analysis of the Nonlinear Behavior of Shallow Shells

Abstract

Berger's equations for the large amplitude deflection of shallow shells are analyzed in detail and a simplified theory obtained for small deformations. As an illustration the bending of a uniformly loaded shallow dome is discussed and the obtained results compared with experimental data.     

Local Symmetry Group in the General Theory of Elastic Shells

We establish the local symmetry group of the dynamically and kinematically exact theory of elastic shells. The group consists of an ordered triple of tensors which make the shell strain energy density invariant under change of the reference placement. Definitions of the fluid shell, the solid shell, and the membrane shell are introduced in terms of members of the symmetry group. Within solid shells we discuss in more detail the isotropic, hemitropic, and orthotropic shells and corresponding invariant properties of the strain energy density. For the physically linear shells, when the density becomes a quadratic function of the shell strain and bending tensors, reduced representations of the density are established for orthotropic, cubic-symmetric, and isotropic shells. The reduced representations contain much less independent material constants to be found from experiments.     

Jump Conditions in the Non-linear Theory of Thin Irregular Shells

The non-linear theory of thin shell structures with irregularities of geometry, material properties, loading and deformation is developed. The irregular shell is modelled by a reference network being a union of piecewise smooth surfaces and curves, with various fields satisfying relaxed regularity requirements. By transforming the virtual work principle postulated for the entire reference network, we derive the corresponding local field equations and side conditions. Particular attention is paid to formulate the general form of static and kinematic jump conditions at singular geometric and physical curves. Several special kinds of irregularities are considered and some particular forms of the jump conditions are discussed.