Dilepton from Passage of Jets Through Spherical Expanding QGP

We calculate the large mass dileptons production from the jet-dilepton conversion in spherical expanding quark-gluon plasma at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. The jet-dilepton production exceeds the thermal and Drell-Yan dilepton production in the large mass region of 4.5 GeV< M< 5.5 GeV and 7 GeV< M< 9 GeV in central Pb+Pb collisions at √s_NN=2.76 TeV and 5.5 TeV, respectively. We present the solution of (1+3)-dimensional fluid hydrodynamics with spherical symmetry. We find that the transverse flow of the QGP leads to a rapid cooling of the fire ball and suppression of the jet-dilepton conversion. The suppression is also evident at intermediate and large mass at LHC energies. The energy loss of the jet-dilepton conversion is concerned.     

Dilepton from Passage of Jets Through Spherical Expanding QGP

We calculate the large mass dileptons production from the jet-dilepton conversion in spherical expanding quark-gluon plasma at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider(LHC) energies.The jetdilepton production exceeds the thermal and Drell Yan dilepton production in the large mass region of 4.5 GeVM 5.5 GeV and 7 GeV M 9 GeV in central Pb+Pb collisions at SNNS~(1/2)=2.76 TeV and 5.5 TeV,respectively.We present the solution of(1+3)-dimensional fluid hydrodynamics with spherical symmetry.We find that the transverse flow of the QGP leads to a rapid cooling of the fire ball and suppression of the jet-dilepton conversion.The suppression is also evident at intermediate and large mass at LHC energies.The energy loss of the jet-dilepton conversion is concerned.     

Diquarks,QCD sum rules,and weak decays

A method for including realistic nuclear geometry and impact parameter effects in computations of production rates of thermal dileptons of mass in the 1.5 to 3 GeV range andy≈0 in nucleus nucleus collisions at \(\sqrt s = 20 - 200\) GeV is given. A comparison with the Drell-Yan rate indicates that for large nuclei and energies thermal production gives a sizable contribution even atM=M _Jψ and thus may contribute significantly toJ/ψ suppression as background enchancement.     

Measurement of forward-backward asymmetry A FB and of the weak mixing angle in processes of dilepton production in proton-proton collisions at \sqrt s = 7 TeV in the CMS experiment at the LHC

The results obtained by measuring the forward-backward asymmetry (A _FB ) of Drell-Yan lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt s $ = 7 TeV at the LHC are presented. This asymmetry is measured as a function of the dilepton mass and rapidity in the dielectron and dimuon channels. The values of A _FB were found for invariant masses of dileptons in the range of 40 ? M _ll ? 600 GeV. The results for the effective weak mixing angle that were deduced from data on dimuon production in Drell-Yan processes are also presented. The respective data sample was collected by using the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector over the period spanning the years 2010 and 2011. The measured asymmetry and the effective weak mixing are consistent with the respective Standard Model predictions.     

Can one discriminate the thermal dilepton signal against the open charm and bottom decay background in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions?

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at 20 (120) AGeV a copious production of charm (bottom) production sets in which, via correlated semileptonic () decays, gives rise to a dilepton yield at invariant mass 2–3 GeV in excess of the Drell-Yan yield and the thermal dilepton signal from deconfined matter as well. We show that appropriate single-electron transverse momentum cuts (suitable for ALICE at LHC) cause a threshold like behavior of the dilepton spectra from heavy-quark meson decays and the Drell-Yan process and can allow to observe a thermal dilepton signal from hot deconfined matter. Received: 28 September 1998 / Revised version: 27 November 1998 / Published online: 22 March 1999     

膨胀QGP的热双轻子产生(英文)

研究了QGP中次级热双轻子的产生。在RHIC能区, 次级热双轻子的产生在低质量范围0.2 GeV     

Rapidity dependence of thermal dileptons resulting from hadronizing quark-gluon matter with finite baryon charge

The influence of a non-vanishing baryon charge on the rapidity distribution of dileptons produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied. We employ a frozen motion model with scaling invariant expansion of the hadronizing quark-gluon plasma as well as a realistic rapidity distribution of secondary particles (i.e., pions and baryons) expected for RHIC energies. We demonstrate a sizeable suppression of the thermal dilepton yield at large rapidities due to the finite baryon density. This affects the most favorable rapidity window for using dileptons for the diagnostic of the quark-gluon plasma and the early temperature distribution of the hot reaction zone. To discriminate the thermal dileptons from Drell-Yan background we propose to utilize the dilepton yield scaled suitably by the pion multiplicity as function of rapidity.     

Evidence for the production of thermal muon pairs with masses above 1 GeV/c 2 in 158 A GeV indium-indium collisions

The yield of muon pairs in the invariant mass region 1<M<2.5 GeV/c ² produced in heavy-ion collisions significantly exceeds the sum of the two expected contributions, Drell-Yan dimuons and muon pairs from the decays of D meson pairs. These sources properly account for the dimuons produced in proton-nucleus collisions. In this paper, we show that dimuons are also produced in excess in 158 A GeV In-In collisions. We furthermore observe, by tagging the dimuon vertices, that this excess is not due to enhanced D meson production, but made of prompt muon pairs, as expected from a source of thermal dimuons specific to high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The yield of this excess increases significantly from peripheral to central collisions, both with respect to the Drell-Yan yield and to the number of nucleons participating in the collisions. Furthermore, the transverse mass distributions of the excess dimuons are well described by an exponential function, with inverse slope values around 190 MeV. The values are independent of mass and significantly lower than those found at masses below 1 GeV/c ², rising there up to 250 MeV due to radial flow. This suggests the emission source of thermal dimuons above 1 GeV/c ² to be of largely partonic origin, when radial flow has not yet built up.     

Photon production in √s NN =200 GeV Au+Au collisions measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC

Direct photon production in Au+Au collisions at √s _NN =200 GeV has been measured in the p _Trange of 1<p _T<5 GeV/c. The yield as a function of centrality is in agreement with published data of the RHIC 2002 run, and with results from a new method that explores very low mass dileptons. The result is compared to several theoretical calculations, and it is found that the measurement is not inconsistent with calculations including thermal photon contributions.     

Probing hadronic polarizations with dilepton anisotropies

We investigate the production of e ⁺ e ^? pairs from p + Be and nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2 GeV/A to 200 GeV/A within a covariant transport approach and focus on the dilepton angular anisotropies as a function of the dilepton invariant mass. Whereas the low mass regime yields information about the Dalitz decays of the Δ, η and ω, above M ≈ 0.5 GeV the angular anisotropies provide additional information about the π ⁺ π ^? → ρ ⁰ → e ⁺ e ^? channel in the medium. The anisotropy coefficient is found to change its sign for M > 0.5 GeV in case of nucleus-nucleus reactions when increasing the bombarding energy from 2 GeV/A to 200 GeV/A which sheds some light on the ππ → ρ dynamics.     

Unravelling γγ dileptons in central relativistic heavy ion collisions

Using an impact parameter formulation, differential production probabilities for γγ dileptons in central relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies are calculated and compared to Drell-Yan and thermal ones. The angular distributions of the leptons give a handle for the discrimination. Nuclear stopping leads, apart from Bremsstrahlung pair production, to a modification of the pure γγ dilepton production. These modifications are studied in a simple model and are found to be of minor influence.     

Drell-Yan Process in p–p Collisions from a Holographic Model

We study Drell-Yan process in proton–proton collisions through the exchange of vector mesons using the holographic hard wall model to describe the dynamics and interactions of vector mesons and baryons. We estimate the angular parameters λ,?μ, ν of the produced dileptons in a region of ${q_{T}^2 << Q^{2}}$ , where the effective coupling of perturbative QCD is large due to logarithm corrections.     

Dile pton production in p+ p,Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV

We study dilepton production in proton–proton, Cu+Cu as well as in Au+Au collisions at the center-of-mass energy \(\sqrt{s} =200\) GeV per participating nucleon pair within an extended statistical hadronization model. In extension to earlier studies we incorporate transport calculations for an estimate of uncorrelated e ⁺ e ^? -pairs from semileptonic D meson decays. While the invariant mass spectrum of dielectrons is well understood in the p+p collisions, severe discrepancies among different model scenarios based on hadronic degrees of freedom and recent data from the PHENIX Collaboration are found in heavy-ion collisions in the low-mass region from 0.15 to 0.6 GeV as well as in the intermediate mass regime from 1.1 to 3 GeV when employing the standard dilepton sources. We investigate, furthermore, the background from correlated dileptons that are not emitted as a pair from a parent hadron but emerge from semileptonic decays of two correlated daughter hadrons. Our calculations suggest a sizeable contribution of such sources in central heavy-ion collisions in the low-mass region. However, even the upper limits of our calculations are found to be far below the dilepton mass spectra of the PHENIX Collaboration.     

Perturbative QCD and weak asymmetries in lepton pair production

The interference of electromagnetic and weak production mechanisms for lepton pair production may give rise to several effects which violate parity and charge symmetry. These effects are generally of the order of 1% for dilepton masses of 10 GeV. The theoretical calculations presented here show that experimental studies of these asymmetries may be useful. In particular, measurements of these asymmetries in collisions of pions with polarized protons may lead to a greatly enhanced understanding of the polarization distribution of quarks in a polarized proton. The polarization structure of the d quark is shown to be of special interest. Measurement of the parity-violating asymmetries in proton-polarized proton collisions may prove to be a sensitive probe of the flavor symmetry of the proton antiquark sea. Analysis of the parity conserving charge asymmetry (which is predicted to occur in collisions of unpolarized hadrons) allows a unique further test of the Drell-Yan model for lepton pair production, as well as of our understanding of weak interactions.The above asymmetries mentioned are computed within the framework of the parton model. The focus of this work is on the asymmetries calculated with the inclusion of first-order perturbative QCD effects. The asymmetries are calculated in a differential form for values of the dilepton transverse momentum large compared with the typical (～1 GeV) scale of nonperturbative effects, and also in a form in which this transverse momentum has been integrated over. Corrections to the parton model results, which can be large, show rather different structure for the various asymmetries.A parity-violating asymmetry which may occur in collisions of unpolarized hadrons is also discussed. This asymmetry is very sensitive to the nonperturbative structure of hadrons, and is estimated to be approximately 0.01% for dilepton masses of 10 GeV.     

A possible determination of the quark radiation length in cold nuclear matter

We calculate the differential Drell-Yan production cross section in proton-nucleus collisions by including both next-to-leading order perturbative effects and effects of the nuclear medium. We demonstrate that dilepton production in fixed target experiments is an excellent tool to study initial-state parton energy loss in large nuclei and to accurately determine the stopping power of cold nuclear matter. We provide theoretical predictions for the attenuation of the Drell-Yan cross section at large values of Feynman xF and show that for low proton beam energies experimental measurements at Fermilab?s E906 can clearly distinguish between nuclear shadowing and energy loss effects. If confirmed by data, our results may help determine the quark radiation length in cold nuclear matter X₀∼¹⁰−13 m.     

Medium effects in the production and decay of vector mesons in pion-nucleus reactions

The ω-, ϱ-, and φ-resonance production and their dileptonic decay in π⁻ A reactions at 1.1–1.7 GeV/c are calculated within the intranuclear cascade (INC) approach. The invariant mass distribution of the dilepton pair for each resonance can be decomposed in two components which correspond to their decay “inside” the target nucleus and in the vacuum, respectively. The first components are strongly distorted by the nuclear medium due to resonance-nucleon scattering and a possible mass shift at finite baryon density. These medium modifications are compared to background sources in the dilepton spectrum from πN bremsstrahlung as well as the Dalitz decays of ω and η mesons produced in the reaction. Detailed predictions for π⁻Pb reactions at 1.3 and 1.7 GeV/c are made within several momentum bins for the lepton pair.     

NA60 results on thermal dimuons

The NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS has measured muon pairs with unprecedented precision in 158 A GeV In–In collisions. A strong excess of pairs above the known sources is observed in the whole mass region 0.2<M<2.6 GeV. The mass spectrum for M<1 GeV is consistent with a dominant contribution from π ⁺ π ⁻→ρ→μ ⁺ μ ⁻ annihilation. The associated ρ spectral function shows a strong broadening, but essentially no shift in mass. For M>1 GeV, the excess is found to be prompt, not due to enhanced charm production, with pronounced differences to Drell–Yan pairs. The slope parameter T _eff associated with the transverse momentum spectra rises with mass up to the ρ, followed by a sudden decline above. The rise for M<1 GeV is consistent with radial flow of a hadronic emission source. The seeming absence of significant flow for M>1 GeV and its relation to parton–hadron duality is discussed in detail, suggesting a dominantly partonic emission source in this region. A comparison of the data to the present status of theoretical modeling is also contained. The accumulated empirical evidence, including also a Planck-like shape of the mass spectra at low p _T and the lack of polarization, is consistent with a global interpretation of the excess dimuons as thermal radiation. We conclude with first results on ω in-medium effects.     

Correlations between transverse energy production and the Drell-Yan process in heavy ion collisions at high energy

The expression for the Drell-Yan cross section is presented which takes into account the geometry of heavy ion collisions. The Drell-Yan cross section is shown to be proportional to the transverse energy produced within a fixed rapidity interval. A dependence steeper than linear of the cross section for production of dileptons with masses larger than about 2 GeV on the transverse energy in a given rapidity bin would be a clear-cut signal for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma.     

Medium effects on meson couplings and dilepton spectra

The πωπ coupling constant is calculated in a relativistic hadronic framework incorporating nucleons and Δ(1232) isobars. Medium modifications are included. The vertex is analyzed in context of the ω → π ⁰e⁺e^? and ρ ^a → π ^a e⁺e^? Dalitz decays in nuclear matter. A sizeable increase of the widths for these decays is found for invariant mass of dileptons in the range 0.2–0.5 GeV. This increase may help, among other medium effects, to explain the problem of the low-mass dilepton enhancement seen in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.