SDBS/n-C8H18/n-C4OH/盐水体系中相微乳液双连续结构

微乳液是指由水（盐水）、油（烃）、一种或几种表面活性剂组成的热力学稳定体系,这类体系具有低粘度、各向导性、透明或半透明的性质[1],微乳液在许多工业实际问题中,例如润滑、以洗涤、催化等方面得到了应用[2],近年来,微乳液和反向胶束中酶催化技术的开发[3]以及分离蛋白质中的应用[4],使微乳液在生化技术研究中倍受青睐．与过剩盐水相和过剩油相达三相平衡时的微乳液即为中相微乳液。中相微乳液具有既可增溶水又可增溶油的特殊性质,并且微乳液与过剩水相和过剩油相间的界面张力（飞uw和7;n。;）极低顺干2．0。10－’1liN·111…     

石油磺酸盐体系中相微乳液研究

宽分子量分布的石油磺酸盐在低浓度时有正丁醇、正构烷烃、盐存在的情况下能成中相微乳液。研究了盐浓度、烷烃种类、醇浓度对该体系中相微乳液的形成及特性影响,得到中相微乳液的特性参数;最佳含盐量Ｓ＾＊、增溶参数σ、盐宽△Ｓ、界面张力γ等,并从理论上进行了探讨。采用模拟驱油装置测定了体系的驱油效率,对优化驱油体系设计具有重要意义。     

聚乙二醇在Triton X-114/正辛烷/正丁醇/水反相微乳液中的增 溶研究

研究了加入聚合物对TritonX-114/正辛烷/正丁醇/水组分体系相态的影响。利用次甲基蓝(MB)作为吸附探针,而以恶唑烷氮氧自由基(5-doxylstearicacid,5-DNS)作为自旋探针,研究了加入聚合物对TX-114/正辛烷/正丁醇/水反相微乳液的微结构影响。结果表明:聚合添加使W/O微乳液区缩小,而液晶区则更靠近水一端(增溶更多水)。该反相微乳液中存在三种状态水:结合水、束缚水、体相水。加入聚合物可以替代先前存在于TX-114聚氧乙烯链上的一些水分子,使其微极性减小,而且使表面活性剂分子在界面上的排列更为松散,本研究结果对探讨聚合物对W/O微乳液微结构的影响及此类体系在其它方面应用有重要意义。     

CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-水和盐水的拟三元体系相图及微乳液微观结构的电导研究

绘制了CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-水和Al(NO₃)3(或Na2WO4)盐水拟三元体系的35℃相图.用电导法并结合电解质理论讨论了微乳液的微观结构,将整个微乳液单相区分为W/O微乳区、O/W微乳区和B.C.双连续区,并且用渗滤理论确定了一个分散相质点为W/O球状结构的反胶团微乳液区.     

CPDB／正丁醇／正辛烷／水体系溶致液晶的^2HNMR和DSC法研究

测定了溴化十六烷基吡啶／正丁醇／正辛烷／水体系的相平衡，在液晶区域选取样品点，用＾２ＨＮＭＲ和差示扫描量热法，并与液晶纹理相对照研究了该区域的相结构变化，结果表明，在一定温度下，随着含水量的增加，体系从单一的Ｗ／Ｏ型微乳液→微乳液和层状液晶共存→层状液晶与六角状液晶共存→层状、六角状与六角状向立方状过渡晶型的三相共存→立方状→Ｏ／Ｗ型微乳液过度，在组成固定情况下，研究了该体系液晶相结构随温度升高所     

柴油中相微乳液的制备和相图分析

制备了柴油/复合表面活性剂/正戊醇/MnCl2盐水五元微乳液;研究了MnCl2浓度、表面活性剂浓度及正戊醇浓度对五元微乳液体系中相微乳液的形成和鱼尾相图的影响.结果表明,用MnCl2扫描时形成的中相微乳液范围较窄;在鱼尾相图中,当复合表面活性剂D0821(双(C8-10烷基)二甲基氯化铵)和AEO-3(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)的质量比为4∶6时,形成单相微乳液的表面活性剂效率最高,最佳表面活性剂的质量分数为8.3%.     

CTAB／正丁醇／环己烷／盐水溶液微乳液性质及结构参数的研究

系统绘制了CTAB／正丁醇／环己烷／硝酸盐水溶液(或铵盐水溶液)微乳体系的相图，用稀释法计算了该体系的结构参数和醇由连续相转移到界面层的自由能，并研究了不同的w／s值、盐溶液浓度对微乳液稳定区域、结构参数的影响。结果表明：随着w／s值的增加，微乳液区域、微乳液滴总数Nd减小；醇转移自由能△G^*o→i值、水内核半径Rw界面层厚度1以及表面活性剂的平均聚集数n增加。随着盐溶液浓度的增加，微乳液区域、界面层厚度1、微乳液滴总数Nd减小；醇转移自由能△G^*o→i值、水内核半径Rw、以及表面活性剂的平均聚集数n增加。为制备尺寸可控的SrAl2O4：Eu^2 ，Dy^3 长余辉发光材料、研究粒径和发光性能的关系提供了理论依据。     

微乳液相行物为结构的研究:氯化钠/水/十二烷基硫酸钠/正丁醇/正辛烷系统

本文报道NaCl/H2O/SDS/n-C4H90H/n-C8H18系统在WC4H9OH/WSDS=4时, 不同盐浓度下的相图, 结果表明, 卤水中NaCl浓度的增大导致这个系统相分裂区域扩在, 并在一定范围内产生三相共存和出现中相微乳液。中相微乳液的密度, 粘度, 电导率和折光率与最佳盐浓度以及微观物型转变有对应关系, 红外光谱测定表明, 油相中氢键的缔合强度比中相微乳液显著增强。     

十二烷基硫酸钠中相微乳液的液晶结构

微乳液是指油、水、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂形成的各向同性的、光学透明或半透明的热力学稳定体系．中相微乳液是指富表面活性剂相与过剩水相、过剩油相形成的三相体系．中相微乳液既可增溶水,又可增溶油,且与过剩水相、油相超低的界面张力,因而在强化采油中引起人们...     

STUDIES ON THE PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE SURFACTANT/1-PENTANOL / WATER TERNARY SYSTEM II: THE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PHASE

The phase behavior of liquid crystalline in the ternary system of dodecyl dimethyl ammonium hydroxyl propyl sulfonate(DDAHPS)/1pentanol(C5HnOH) / water deuteron(D₂O) has been investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, ²H NMR spectroscopy methods. The results indicate that two kinds of liquid crystals (the lamellar, and the hexagonal) exist in the liquid crystalline phase region. In this paper, we also use the polarized Raman spectroscopy method to measure the values of the order/ disorder parameters and the values of the environment polarity parameters for the samples selected from the liquid crystalline phase region, and compare these two parameters of the samples with those of solid state DDAHPS and liquid state pentan-l-ol.     

IR AND ESR STUDIES OF THE REDUCED HETEROPOLYMOLYBDOVANADOPHOS PHORIC ACIDS H_(3+n)PMo_(12-n)V_nO_(40) (n=0,2,4)

The reducibility and isotope exchange ability of different oxygen bonds (O_b, O_p, O_t) in the Keggin structure of heteropolymolybdates (H_(3+n)PMo_(12-n)V_nO_(40)) containing zero, two or four vanadium atoms as well as the changes of structure of heteropolyacids during reduction were investigated by IR, ESR and ~(18)O isotope exchange. The results obtained showed that the order in the reducibility of different oxygen bonds is O_b>>O_p≈O_t, the replacement of Mo by V affects obviously the reducibility of various oxygen bonds: O_b increases while O_p and O_t decrease. ~(18)O exchange rate of O_b, O_p, O_t is not different, comparatively speaking, the isotope exchange of oxygen of the heteropolyacids containing vanadium atoms is more difficult than PMo_(12). The ESR spectra indicate that two kinds of Mo~(5+) ions with different coordinations are present in PMo_(12) (n=0) during reducing process, their g values are g_⊥~A=1.971, g_(?)~A=1.912 and g_⊥~B=1.965, g_(?)~B=1.861 belonging respectively to the d     

环烷酸钴-氯二异丁基铝催化体系相态的研究

研究了Co(naph) 2 Al(i Bu) 2 Cl催化体系的相态 .通过Tyndall效应、电镜观察和超过滤实验 ,证明了Co(naph) 2 Al(i Bu) 2 Cl催化体系在溶有丁二烯的苯溶剂中以纳米级小颗粒分散 ,在较佳配比时 ,粒径在 1～10 0nm之间 ,为胶体催化剂 ,属于高度分散的多相催化体系 .催化剂的活性位位于胶粒表面 ,催化剂颗粒是无定形的 .以较佳配比得到的催化剂颗粒较小、分布均匀 ,催化丁二烯聚合反应活性高 .归纳出胶体催化剂的制备特点为外观类似于均相催化体系 ,但是制备方法 (各组分配比、加入顺序、陈化等 )对催化活性有明显的影响 .并给出将胶体催化动力学作均相动力学近似的条件 ,在聚合反应初期 ,且单体浓度比烷基铝以及其他填加物浓度大 2～ 3数量级     

异苯橡胶环化反应动力学研究及产物微细结构表征

本文采用红外光谱法研究了前无报导的聚异苯橡胶环化反应动力学,测定了标题反应的动力学参数:反应级数n=1;活化能E_a=53.2kJ·mol^-1;指前因子A=2.24×10⁶min^-1,确立了该反应速率常数k_T与s反应温度T之间的函数关系为:Ln(k_T/min^-1)=14.62-6.40×10³K/T并采用核磁共振法分析了标题反应的产物环化异苯橡胶的微细结构,提出了标题反应的可能机理,并对活化能及指前因子进行了分析讨论。     

STUDIES ON THE PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE SURFACTANT/ 1 -PENTANOL / WATER TERNARY SYSTEM I: THE ISOTROPIC PHASES

The phase diagram of the dodecyl dimethyl ammonium hydroxyl propyl sulfonate( DDAHPS)/ l-pentanol(C5HnOH)/ water ternary system has been established. It contains two isotropic monophase regions(Li and L:) and a liquid crystalline region( L.C.). The isotropic phase regions have been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy and conductivity.     

钯系高分子载体催化剂对硝基苯液相加氢催化活性的研究

制备了以弱碱性（ＡＨ－１、ＡＨ－２ХＨ）、中等碱性（ＡＨ－３１、ЭⅡЭ－１０∏）以及强碱性（ＡＢ－１７－８、ＡＢ－１６ΓＣ）等阴离子交换树脂为载体的钯系催化剂,测定了它们硝基苯催化加氢的活性,其中Ｐｄ－ＡＨ－１、Ｐｄ－ＡＢ－１６ГＣ和Ｐｄ－ＡＢ－１７－８的活性较好。本文还分析了树脂结构对催化活性的影响。     

TS-1分子筛骨架钛原子引入过程的研究

采用廉价的四丙基溴化铵（ＴＰＡＢｒ）为模板剂合成了ＴＳ１分子筛．在晶化过程中,运用ＸＲＤ,ＩＣＰ,ＩＲ,２９ＳｉＭＡＳＮＭＲ和ＵＶＶｉｓ光谱等表征手段,系统地研究了钛原子引入分子筛骨架的机制,观察到钛原子随分子筛的形成同步进入骨架的规律．另外,尽管在晶化初期固相中没有ＴｉＯ２结晶出现,但存在分散态的ＴｉＯｘ物种．随晶化时间的延长,液相中钛物种之间聚合的几率增加,使固相中ＴｉＯ２晶体不断形成．     

STUDIES OF THE INITIATION MECHANISM OF VINYL POLYMERIZATION WITH THE SYSTEM PERSULFATE/N-ALKYL SUBSTITUTED ETHYLENEDIAMINE DERIVATIVES

Effects of N-alkyi substituted ethylenediamine derivatives on vinyl polymerization using persulfate as initiator were studied. The apparent kinetic equations and overall activation energies of acrylamide polymerization were determined using the above mentioned system as initiator. The promoting activities of different diamine derivatives on vinyl polymerization are in the order of tertiary diamine>secondary diamine>primary diamine. Diamines having methyl groups as the substituent on their nitrogen atom possess higher promoting activity than that of having larger alkyl groups. The initial free radicals produced through the redox reaction of persuifate and diamines were studied by spin strapping technique and ESR spectroscopy. The results obtained confirm the fact that the initial free radicals of the diamine species can initiate vinyl polymerization and become the amino end group of the resulting polymers.     

过硫酸盐和N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺体系引发烯类聚合机理的研究

<正> 过硫酸盐和N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)体系用作烯类聚合的引发剂已有报道。本文报道该引发体系的反应机理。1.实验方法     

STUDIES ON THE INITIATION MECHANISM OF CERIC ION AND ACETYLACETONE REDOX SYSTEM IN VINYL POLYMERIZATION

The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of AAm polymerization. The structure of free radicals formed from above-mentioned initiation sytem were detected by radical trapping and ESR spectra techniques and the end groups of polymers obtained were determined by FT-IR spectra analysis method. Based on these results the initiation mechanism is proposed.