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1.
The oligomerization and polymerization of 1‐pentene using Cp2ZrCl2, Cp2HfCl2, [(CH3)5C5]2ZrCl2, rac‐[C2H4(Ind)2]ZrCl2, [(CH3)2Si(Ind)2]ZrCl2, (CH3)2Si(2‐methylbenz[e]indenyl)2ZrCl2, Cp2ZrCl{O(Me)CW(CO)5}, Cp2ZrCl(OMe) and methylaluminoxane (MAO) has been studied. The degree of polymerization was highly dependent on the metallocene catalyst. Oligomers ranging from the dimer of 1‐pentene to polymers of poly‐1‐pentene with a molar mass Mw = 149000 g/mol were formed. Cp2ZrCl{O(Me)CW(CO)5} is a new highly active catalyst for the oligomerization of 1‐pentene to low molecular weight products. The activity decreases in the order Cp2ZrCl{O(Me)CW(CO)5} > Cp2ZrCl2 > Cp2ZrCl(OMe). Furthermore, poly‐1‐olefins ranging from poly‐1‐pentene to poly‐1‐octadecene were synthesized with (CH3)2Si(2‐methyl‐benz[e]indenyl)2ZrCl2 and methylaluminoxane (MAO) at different temperatures. The temperature dependence of the molar mass can be described by a common exponential decay function irrespective of the investigated monomer.  相似文献   

2.
By the reaction of KCN with Cp2TiCl2 (Cp = η5-C5H5) in boiling methanol, bis(cyclopentadienyl)-methoxytitanium(IV) cyanide, Cp2Ti(OCH3)CN, is formed which in air is converted into the dinuclear oxygen-bridged derivative (Cp2TiCN)2O. By the same procedure, the bis(methylcyclopentadienyl) analogue [MeCp2TiCN]2O has been obtained. An X-ray diffraction study of (Cp2TiCN)2O has shown that the CN group acts as a unidentate ligand with a Ti? C bond length of 2.158 Å and a Ti? C? N bond angle of 177.7°, very close to linearity. The Ti? O bond distance, 1.836 Å, and the bond angle at the bridging O atom, 174.1°, are normal. The ligands are arranged in a nearly tetrahedral way around the Ti atoms. The structural results are compared to those for similar dinuclear titanium complexes.  相似文献   

3.
A study of the coordination chemistry of different amidato ligands [(R)N?C(Ph)O] (R=Ph, 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (Dipp)) at Group 4 metallocenes is presented. The heterometallacyclic complexes [Cp2M(Cl){κ2N,O‐(R)N?C(Ph)O}] M=Zr, R=Dipp ( 1 a ), Ph ( 1 b ); M=Hf, R=Ph ( 2 )) were synthesized by reaction of [Cp2MCl2] with the corresponding deprotonated amides. Complex 1 a was also prepared by direct deprotonation of the amide with Schwartz reagent [Cp2Zr(H)Cl]. Salt metathesis reaction of [Cp2Zr(H)Cl] with deprotonated amide [(Dipp)N?C(Ph)O] gave the zirconocene hydrido complex [Cp2M(H){κ2N,O‐(Dipp)N?C(Ph)O}] ( 3 ). Reaction of 1 a with Mg did not result in the desired Zr(III) complex but in formation of Mg complex [(py)3Mg(Cl) {κ2N,O‐(Dipp)N?C(Ph)O}] ( 4 ; py=pyridine). The paramagnetic complexes [Cp′2Ti{κ2N,O‐(R)N?C(Ph)O}] (Cp′=Cp, R=Ph ( 7 a ); Cp′=Cp, R=Dipp ( 7 b ); Cp′=Cp*, R=Ph ( 8 )) were prepared by the reaction of the known titanocene alkyne complexes [Cp2′Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (Cp′=Cp ( 5 ), Cp′=Cp* ( 6 )) with the corresponding amides. Complexes 1 a , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 a , 7 b , and 8 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The structure and bonding of complexes 7 a and 8 were also characterized by EPR spectroscopy.  相似文献   

4.
A series of substituted benzaldehydes were investigated as initiators for the living ring‐opening polymerization (LROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) mediated by titanium alkoxides obtained from the Cp2TiCl‐catalyzed single electron transfer (SET) reduction of the carbonyl group following the in situ reduction of Cp2TiCl2 with Zn. The aldehyde initiation was demonstrated (NMR) by the presence of the initiator derived fragment on the polycaprolactone (PCL) chain end. The effect of the nature of the aldehyde functionality (R‐Ph‐CHO, R = H, Cl, PhCH2O, NMe2, CH3O, NO2, and CHO), reagent ratios ([CL]/[aldehyde] = 50/1 to 400/1, [aldehyde]/[Cp2TiCl2] = 1/1 to 1/4, and [Cp2TiCl2]/[Zn] = 1/0.5 to 1/2), and temperature (T = 75–120 °C) was investigated over a wide range of values to reveal a living polymerization in all cases with an optimum observed at 90 °C with typical stoichiometric ratios of [CL]/[aldehyde]/[Cp2TiCl2]/[Zn] = 100/1/1/2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2869–2877, 2008  相似文献   

5.
Reaction of Trimethylsilylethers of Unsaturated Alcohols with Schwartz Reagent – Stabilisation of Cyclic Zirconiumorganic Compounds by the Moiety Cp2ZrH2 Besides the normal product of hydrozirconation the reaction of allyltrimethylsilylethers CH2? CHC(R1R2)OSi(CH3)3 ( I : R1 = R2 = H, VIII : R1 = R2 = CH3, X : R1 = H, R2 = CH3) with Cp2Zr(H)Cl yields, as a result of a hydrogenation of the Si? O bond, trimethylsilane and a series of compounds with a Zr? O bond. Depending on the substitution of the α-C atom either dimeric chelates ( III ) or binuclear complexes of the type Cp2Zr(Cl)CH2CH2C(R1R2)OZr(Cl)Cp2 ( IX : R1 = R2 = CH3; XII : R1 = H, R2 = CH3) are formed. Starting with X and excess Cp2Zr(H)Cl the binuclear compound XIII is obtained which may be considered as an adduct of Cp2ZrH2 to the unsaturated chelate Compound XVII with a structure analogous to XIII is synthesized by the reaction of IX with Cp2ZrH2. The 1H-NMR spectrum is in accordance with the existence of cis-trans-isomers of this complex.  相似文献   

6.
The adducts [Cp2Y(μ-Cl)]2 · 2THF (5), {[Cp2Y(μ-Cl)]2 · 1,4-dioxane}n (6), and Cp2Y(DME)(μ-Cl)(Cl)YCp2 (7) have been synthesized and studied by X-ray crystallography. In 5, the (Cp2YCl)2 moiety is coordinated to two THF molecules (d (Y-O) = 2.478 Å); in 6 the (Cp2YCl)2 dimers are linked by 1,4-dioxane to form a polymer chain (d (Y-O) = 2.601 Å). In asymmetric adduct 7, the DME molecule is bound through both O atoms to the same Y atom (d (Y-O) = 2.382 and 2.448 Å), and one of the chlorine atoms is bridging and the other chlorine atom is terminal.  相似文献   

7.
Electric discharge reactions in the systems PH3 + H2O, PH3 + H2O + NH3 and PH3 + H2O + NH3 + CH4 have been studied. In the system PH3 + H2O, they produce polyphosphines (insoluble in water) and hypophosphorous, phosphorous and orthophosphoric acids. In the system PH3 + H2O + NH3, besides the above products, hypophosphate, pyrophosphate, polyphosphates and possibly polyhyphosphates are also present. In the system PH3 + H2O + NH3 + CH4, besides all the above inorganic P compounds, organic phosphorus derivatives such as aminoalkyl phosphates and aminoalkanephosphonates are also formed, as well as other non-phosphorus containing organic products (amino acids, ethanolamine, etc.). The presence of phosphine (or its transformation products), seems to promote condensation reactions in this system since the ratio of amino acids found after hydrolysis (in 6N HCl) to amino acids found before hydrolysis is greater in this system. than in the system (CH4+ H2O+ NH3)iiot containing phosphine.  相似文献   

8.
Electron deficient CpTiCl3 reacts with the bis-alkoxide CpClTiOCMe2CMe2O to produce the diolato dimer (CpTiCl2)OCMe2CMe2O(TiCl2Cp). CpTiCl3 reacts with Cp4Ti4Cl42-O)4, which also has two oxo ligands on each titanium atom, to produce [CpTiCl2]2O. These and other redistribution reactions indicate that destabilization results from internal competition for metal d-orbitals by strong π-donor (e.g. alkoxide) ligands. Equilibrium constants for the formation of the η2-acetyl complexes Cp2Zr[C(O)Me]X by Co insertion into Cp2ZrMeX decrease in the order X = Me>Cl>OEt. This reflects internal competition of π-donor orbitals on X with the oxygen donor orbital in the η2-acetyl functionally. The significance of this effect for Fischer-Tropsch syntheses in both homogeneouus and heterogeneous media is discussed.  相似文献   

9.
Secondary Hydroxyalkylphosphanes: Synthesis and Characterization of Mono‐, Bis‐ and Trisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted Zirconium Complexes and the Heterobimetallic Trinuclear Complex [Cp2Zr{O(CH2)3PHMes(AuCl)}2] The secondary hydroxyalkylphosphanes RPHCH2OH [R = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (Mes) ( 1 ), 2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2 (Tipp) ( 2 )], 1‐AdPH‐2‐OH‐cyclo‐C6H10 ( 3 ) and RPH(CH2)3OH [R = Ph ( 4 ), Mes ( 5 ), Tipp ( 6 ), Cy ( 7 ), tBu ( 8 )] were obtained from primary phosphanes RPH2 and formaldehyde ( 1 , 2 ) or from LiPHR and cyclohexene oxide ( 3 ) or trimethylene oxide ( 4 ‐ 8 ). Starting from 5 or 7 and [CpR2ZrMe2] [CpR = C5EtMe4 (Cp°), C5H5 (Cp), C5MeH4 (Cp′)], the monoalkoxyphosphane‐substituted zirconocene complexes [CpR2Zr(Me){O(CH2)3PHMes}] [CpR = Cp° ( 9 ), Cp ( 10 )] were prepared. With [CpR2ZrCl2], the bisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted complexes [Cp′2Zr{O(CH2)3PHMes}2] ( 11 ) and [Cp2Zr{O(CH2)3PHCy}2] ( 12 ) are obtained, and with [TpRZrCl3], the trisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted zirconium complexes [TpRZr{O(CH2)3PHMes}3] [TpR = trispyrazolylborato (Tp) ( 13 ), TpR = tris(3,5‐dimethyl)pyrazolylborato (Tp*) ( 14 )] are prepared. The reaction of 5 with [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) yielded the mononuclear complex [AuCl{PHMes(CH2)3OH}] ( 15 ). The trinuclear complex [Cp2Zr{O(CH2)3PHMes(AuCl)}2] ( 16 ) was obtained from [Cp2ZrCl2] and 15 . Compounds 1 ‐ 16 were characterized spectroscopically (1H‐, 31P‐, 13C‐NMR; IR; MS) and compound 2 also by crystal structure determination. The bis‐ and trisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted complexes 11‐14 and 16 were obtained as mixtures of two diastereomers which could not be separated.  相似文献   

10.
A process of ion‐pair formation in the system Cp2ZrMe2/methylaluminoxane (MAO) has been studied by means of density functional theory quantum‐chemical calculations for MAOs with different structures and reactive sites. An interaction of Cp2ZrMe2 with a MAO of the composition (AlMeO)6 results in the formation of a stable molecular complex of the type Al5Me6O5Al(Me)O–Zr(Me)Cp2 with an equilibrium distance r(Zr–O) of 2.15 Å. The interaction of Cp2ZrMe2 with “true” MAO of the composition (Al8Me12O6) proceeds with a tri‐coordinated aluminum atom in the active site (OAlMe2) and yields the strongly polarized molecular complex or the μ‐Me‐bridged contact ion pair ( d ) [Cp2(Me)Zr(μMe)Al≡MAO] with the distances r(Zr–μMe) = 2.38 Å and r(Al–μMe) = 2.28 Å. The following interaction of the μ‐Me contact ion pair ( d ) with AlMe3 results in a formation of the trimethylaluminum (TMA)‐separated ion pair ( e ) [Cp2Zr(μMe)2AlMe2]+–[MeMAO] with r[Zr–(MeMAO)] equal to 4.58 Å. The calculated composition and structure of ion pairs ( d ) and ( e ) are consistent with the 13C NMR data for the species detected in the Cp2ZrMe2/MAO system. An interaction of the TMA‐separated ion pair ( e ) with ethylene results in the substitution of AlMe3 by C2H4 in a cationic part of the ion pair ( e ), and the following ethylene insertion into the Zr–Me bond. This reaction leads to formation of ion pair ( f ) of the composition [Cp2ZrCH2CH2CH3]+–[Me‐MAO] named as the propyl‐separated ion pair. Ion pair ( f ) exhibits distance r[Zr–(MeMAO)] = 3.88 Å and strong Cγ‐agostic interaction of the propyl group with the Zr atom. We suppose this propyl‐separated ion pair ( f ) to be an active center for olefin polymerization.  相似文献   

11.
The reaction of Cp2*UCl2 with HNSPh2 produces Cp2*UCl2(HNSPh2), which is the first structurally characterized complex of a sulfilimine. The hydrolysis of Cp2*UCl2(HNSPh2) with HNSPh2 · H2O yields a tetrauranium cluster whose heavy atom structure has been determined by x-ray diffraction and which is formulated as a UIV/UV complex: [Cp*(Cl)(HNSPh2)U(μ3-O)(μ2-O)2U(Cl)(HNSPh2)2]2.  相似文献   

12.
A new and selective one‐step synthesis was developed for the first activation stage of white phosphorus by organic radicals. The reactions of NaCpR with P4 in the presence of CuX or FeBr3 leads to the clean formation of organic substituted P4 butterfly compounds CpR2P4 (CpR: CpBIG=C5(4‐nBuC6H4)5 ( 1 a ), Cp′′′=C5H2tBu3 ( 1 b ), Cp*=C5Me5 ( 1 c ) und Cp4iPr=C5HiPr4 ( 1 d )). The reaction proceeds via the activation of P4 by CpR radicals mediated by transition metals. The newly formed organic derivatives of P4 have been comprehensively characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.  相似文献   

13.
[Cp2Ln(μ-SR)]2 was reacted with Ph2C=C=O to yield ketene mono-insertion products [Cp2Ln(μ-η1:η2-OC(SR)=CPh2)]2 [R=Bn, Ln=Yb (1), Er (2), Y (3) and R--Ph, Ln=Yb (4)], indicating that the reactions of organolanthanide thiolates with ketenes are independent of the nature of the thiolate ligand and the ketene as well as the reaction condition. These reactions could provide an efficient method for the synthesis of organolanthanide complexes with the a-thiolate-substituted enolate ligand. All these complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic properties and the structure of complex 1 was determined through X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis.  相似文献   

14.
The polarographic behaviour of ditosyloxy alkanes TsO(CH2)nOTs in aprotic medium suggests that intramolecular cyclisation takes place after reductive cleavage of a single SO2? O bond at the dropping electrode. This hypothesis was verified by controlled potential electrolysis of the lower homologues at a mercury cathode. High yields of epoxy compounds are obtained by this method.  相似文献   

15.
Reduction of Cp2NbTe2H (Cp=tBuC5H4) with CH3Li results in a red-violet solution which reacts with Co2(CO)8 to give the neutral cluster {Cp2Nb(CO)}2[Co9Te6(CO)8] (2) and a mixture of salts, from which [Na(THF)6][Co9Te6(CO)8] (4) was obtained by crystallization from THF in very poor yield, probably due to Na impurities in CH3Li. Clusters 2 (123 valence electrons) and 4 (122 valence electrons) possess hexacapped cubic Co@Co8 cores. The structure of 2 was identified by comparison of spectroscopic data with those of parent clusters: Two Cp2Nb(CO) fragments are fixed at two opposite 4-Te bridges of the Co9Te6(CO)8 skeleton. A crystal structure determination of 4 shows this compound to contain discrete ions. Nearly equal diameters of ca. 10.5Å for the [Co9Te6(CO)8] anion and the octahedral [Na(THF)6]+ cation as well as electrostatic interactions between them and attractive C–HO contacts may be responsible for the formation of layers throughout the crystal.  相似文献   

16.
The preparation of an air-sensitive 16-electron complex, Cp2NbCl, is described. Its main property is easy transformation to 18-electron mononuclear compounds. Cp2Nb(=O)Cl and Cp2Nb(CO)Cl are obtained in oxidation and carbon monoxide gas addition processes, respectively. The physical properties of these complexes are described.  相似文献   

17.
Synthesis and characterization of titanium(IV) and zirconium(IV) complexes of the types Cp2M(Cl)(HPO), Cp2M(HPO)2, Cp2M(ONO) and Cp2M(ONS) (where M represents titanium or zirconium and HPO, ONO and ONS represent the donor sets of the ligands) have been reported. These new derivatives have been prepared by the reactions of titanocene dichloride or zirconocene dichloride with 2-hydroxy-N-phenyl benzamide(HPOH), 1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-N-phenylamino]hydrazine-carboxamide (HONOH) and 2-hydroxy-N-phenyl benzamide benzothiazoline (HONSH) in different molar ratios. The ligands and their complexes have been characterized by the elemental analyses, conductance measurement, molecular weight determinations and spectral studies. On the basis of electronic, I.r., 1H.-n.m.r. and 13C.-n.m.r. spectral studies, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral geometries have been proposed for the resulting complexes. All the ligands and their complexes have been screened for their biological activity on several pathogenic fungi and bacteria and were found positive in this respect.  相似文献   

18.
The lanthanidocene complex [Sm(BH4)(C12H19)2(C4H8O)], (I), shows a distorted tetrahedral arrangement around the central SmIII atom. It consists of two η5‐isopropyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligands, one tetrahydroborato (BH4?) ligand bridging via H atoms to the lanthanide atom and one coordinating tetrahydrofuran (thf) molecule. The BH4? unit of (I) coordinates as a tridentate ligand with three bridging H atoms and one terminal H atom [Sm—B—H4 176 (2)°]. The η5‐isopropyl­tetra­methylcyclopentadienyl ligands of this bent‐sandwich complex [Cp1—Sm—Cp2 133.53 (1)° where Cp denotes the centroid of the cyclopentadienyl ring] adopt staggered conformations.  相似文献   

19.
In the in situ Grignard metalation method (iGMM), the addition of bromoethane to a suspension of magnesium turnings and cyclopentadienes [C5H6 (HCp), C5H5-Si(iPr)3 (HCpTIPS)] in diethyl ether smoothly yields heteroleptic [(Et2O)Mg(CpR)(μ-Br)]2 (CpR=Cp ( 1 ), CpTIPS ( 2 )). The Schlenk equilibrium of 2 in toluene leads to ligand exchange and formation of homoleptic [Mg(CpR)2] ( 3 ) and [(Et2O)MgBr(μ-Br)]2 ( 4 ). Interfering solvation and aggregation as well as ligand redistribution equilibria hamper a quantitative elucidation of thermodynamic data for the Schlenk equilibrium of 2 in toluene. In ethereal solvents, mononuclear species [(Et2O)2Mg(CpTIPS)Br] ( 2’ ), [(Et2O)nMg(CpTIPS)2] ( 3’ ), and [(Et2O)2MgBr2] ( 4’ ) coexist. Larger coordination numbers can be realized with cyclic ethers like tetrahydropyran allowing crystallization of [(thp)4MgBr2] ( 5 ). The interpretation of the temperature-dependency of the Schlenk equilibrium constant in diethyl ether gives a reaction enthalpy ΔH and reaction entropy ΔS of −11.5 kJ mol−1 and 60 J mol−1, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
The reactions of Cp2TiH2AlH2·Et2O (1) with HN(C2H4)2O, HOC2H4OMe, and water afforded the complexes {Cp2TiH2AlH[μ-N(C2H4)2O]}2 (5), [Cp2TiH2AlH(μ-OC2H4OMe)]2 (6) and (Cp2TiH2AlH)2O (4), respectively. Compounds 5 and 6 are dimers containing bridging Al?E2?Al fragments (E=N or O). Complex 6 in solution converted to the hexanuclear compound [(η5?Cp)2Ti(μ?H(2AlH]2(μ?OC2H4OMe)[(μ15?C5H4)Ti(μ5?Cp)(μ?H)]2 (8). The structures of complexes 5 and 8 were established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The rates of hydrogenation of hex-1-ene were determined using compounds 4–6 and the complexes [Cp2TiH2AlH(NEt2)]2 and [Cp2TiH2AlH(OEt)]2 as catalysts. The probable mechanism of hydrogenation with the participation of bimetallic hydride complexes of aluminum and titanocene is discussed.  相似文献   

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