CML模型和湍流的非线性

本文在现有耦合映射格点(CML)动力系统模型的基础上,提出了能够同时模拟对流项和扩散项的强弱耦合系统的CML模型,分析了这类模型的特点和结构.数值试验表明,这类CML模型能够有效地研究时空复杂性,利用数值模拟的结果对湍流的物理机制作了初步的阐释.     

A stream cipher based on a spatiotemporal chaotic system

A stream cipher based on a spatiotemporal chaotic system is proposed. A one-way coupled map lattice consisting of logistic maps is served as the spatiotemporal chaotic system. Multiple keystreams are generated from the coupled map lattice by using simple algebraic computations, and then are used to encrypt plaintext via bitwise XOR. These make the cipher rather simple and efficient. Numerical investigation shows that the cryptographic properties of the generated keystream are satisfactory. The cipher seems to have higher security, higher efficiency and lower computation expense than the stream cipher based on a spatiotemporal chaotic system proposed recently.     

时空Chaos研究中的CML模型

通过对有关差分格式的稳定性分析，我们提出了一类新的格点耦合映射（ＣＭＬ）模型。数值试验表明：我们提出的ＣＭＬ模型是一类有效的研究时空复杂性的模型，特别是对于强耦合系统。     

Optimization in Control and Learning in Coupled Map Lattice Systems

In this paper, we analyze various control algorithms that have been proposed for controlling spatiotemporal chaos in a globally coupled map lattice (CML) system. We reformulate the choice of feedback parameters in such systems as a constrained optimization problem and provide numerical and experimental results on the choice of optimal parameters for controlling the mean global Lyapunov exponent of a lattice. Finally, we propose a scheme to use this optimization technique to solve a learning problem in which such a CML system can be used to emulate the dynamics of an epileptic brain. This work was supported by NIH-NIBIB and CRDF grants.     

Spatiotemporal Dynamic Analysis in a Time-space Discrete Brusselator Mode

In this paper, we study the spatiotemporal patterns of a Brusselator model with discrete time-space by using the coupled mapping lattice (CML) model. The existence and stability conditions of the equilibrium point are obtained by using linear stability analysis. Then, applying the center manifold reduction theorem and the bifurcation theory, the parametric conditions of the flip and the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation are described respectively. Under space diffusion, the model admits the Turing instability at stable homogeneous solutions under some certain conditions. Two nonlinear mechanisms, including flip-Turing instability and Neimark-Sacker-Turing instability, are presented. Through numerical simulation, periodic windows, invariant circles, chaotic phenomenon and some interesting spatial patterns are found.     

Spatiotemporal instability in nonlinear dispersive media in the presence of space-time focusing effect

Spatiotemporal instability in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated on the basis of the nonlinear envelope equation. A general expression for instability gain which includes the effects of space-time focusing, arbitrarily higher-order dispersions and self-steepening is obtained. It is found that, for both normal and anomalous group-velocity dispersions, space-time focusing may lead to the appearance of new instability regions and influence the original instability gain spectra mainly by shrinking their regions. The region of the original instability gain spectrum shrinks much more in normal dispersion case than in anomalous one. In the former case, space-time focusing completely suppresses the growing of higher frequency components. In addition, we find that all the oddth-order dispersions contribute none to instability, while all the eventh-order dispersions influence instability region and do not influence the maximum instability gain, therein the fourth-order dispersion plays the same role as space-time focusing in spatiotemporal instability. The main role played by self-steepening in spatiotemporal instability is that it reduces the instability gain and exerts much more significant influence on the new instability regions resulting from space-time focusing.     

Interactions of Turing and Hopf bifurcations in an additional food provided diffusive predator-prey model

Complex spatiotemporal dynamics of a diffusive predator-prey system involving additional food supply to predator and intra-specific competition among predator, are investigated. We establish critical conditions of the occurrence of Turing instability, which are necessary and sufficient. Furthermore, we also establish conditions of the occurrence of codimension-2 Turing-Hopf bifurcation and Turing-Turing bifurcation, by exploring interactions of Turing bifurcations and Hopf bifurcation. For Turing-Hopf bifurcation, by analyzing normal form truncated to order 3 which are derived by applying normal form method, it is shown that under proper conditions, diffusive predator-prey system generates interesting spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal patterns, including a pair of spatially inhomogeneous steady states, a spatially homogeneous periodic solution and a pair of spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions. And numerical simulations are also shown to support theory analysis. Moreover, it is found that proper intra-specific competition among predator helps generate complex spatiotemporal dynamics. And, proper additional food supply to predator helps control the population fluctuations of predator and prey, while large quantity and high quality of additional food supply will lead to the extinction of prey and make predator change the source of food, which finally destroy the ecosystem. These investigations might help understand complex spatiotemporal dynamics of predator-prey system involving additional food supply to predator and intra-specific competition among predator, and help conserve species in an ecosystem via supplying suitable additional food.     

Bifurcations and spatiotemporal patterns in a ratio‐dependent diffusive Holling‐Tanner system with time delay

In this paper, we concentrate on the spatiotemporal patterns of a delayed reaction‐diffusion Holling‐Tanner model with Neumann boundary conditions. In particular, the time delay that is incorporated in the negative feedback of the predator density is considered as one of the principal factors to affect the dynamic behavior. Firstly, a global Turing bifurcation theorem for τ = 0 and a local Turing bifurcation theorem for τ > 0 are given. Then, further considering the degenerated situation, we derive the existence of Bogdanov‐Takens bifurcation and Turing‐Hopf bifurcation. The normal form method is used to study the explicit dynamics near the Turing‐Hopf singularity. It is shown that a pair of stable nonconstant steady states (stripe patterns) and a pair of stable spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions (spot patterns) could be bifurcated from a positive equilibrium. Moreover, the Turing‐Turing‐Hopf–type spatiotemporal patterns, that is, a subharmonic phenomenon with two spatial wave numbers and one temporal frequency, are also found and explained theoretically. Our results imply that the interaction of Turing and Hopf instabilities can be considered as the simplest mechanism for the appearance of complex spatiotemporal dynamics.     

The Lattice of Synchrony Subspaces of a Coupled Cell Network: Characterization and Computation Algorithm

Coupled cell systems are networks of dynamical systems (the cells), where the links between the cells are described through the network structure, the coupled cell network. Synchrony subspaces are spaces defined in terms of equalities of certain cell coordinates that are flow-invariant for all coupled cell systems associated with a given network structure. The intersection of synchrony subspaces of a network is also a synchrony subspace of the network. It follows, then, that, given a coupled cell network, its set of synchrony subspaces, taking the inclusion partial order relation, forms a lattice. In this paper we show how to obtain the lattice of synchrony subspaces for a general network and present an algorithm that generates that lattice. We prove that this problem is reduced to obtain the lattice of synchrony subspaces for regular networks. For a regular network we obtain the lattice of synchrony subspaces based on the eigenvalue structure of the network adjacency matrix.     

混沌振荡系统的空时复杂度

基于相轨迹随时间的变化规律,提出了混沌振荡系统空时复杂度的概念,给出了空时复杂度的定义和计算方法.定义物理意义直观明确,与Lyapunov指数计算相比,方法计算量少,便于实际应用.以Duffing振子为例,通过数值仿真与实验,研究了混沌振荡系统的空时复杂度,实验结果表明空时复杂度可以很好地刻画Duffing振子丰富的动力学特性.     

Quasiperiods of biinfinite words

We study the notion of quasiperiodicity, in the sense of “coverability”, for biinfinite words. All previous work about quasiperiodicity focused on right infinite words, but the passage to the biinfinite case could help to prove stronger results about quasiperiods of Sturmian words. We demonstrate this by showing that all biinfinite Sturmian words have infinitely many quasiperiods, which is not quite (but almost) true in the right infinite case, and giving a characterization of those quasiperiods.The main difference between right infinite and the biinfinite words is that, in the latter case, we might have several quasiperiods of the same length. This is not possible with right infinite words because a quasiperiod has to be a prefix of the word. We study in depth the relations between quasiperiods of the same length in a given biinfinite quasiperiodic word. This study gives enough information to allow to determine the set of quasiperiods of an arbitrary word.     

Stochastic resonance in spatiotemporal on–off intermittency

Stochastic resonance is investigated in a generic system with spatiotemporal on–off intermittency: a chain of coupled logistic maps with a time-dependent control parameter, driven by a spatiotemporal periodic signal. Spatiotemporal correlation function between the periodic signal and the output signal, reflecting the occurrence of laminar phases and chaotic bursts, has a maximum as a function of the mean value of the control parameter. For a given period and length of the periodic signal the height of this maximum can be increased by choosing an optimum coupling strength between maps. It is argued that the obtained result can be interpreted as an example of noise-free (dynamical) stochastic resonance in a system with spatiotemporal intermittency.     

Turing patterns and spatiotemporal patterns in a tritrophic food chain model with diffusion

In this paper, the temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal patterns of a tritrophic food chain reaction–diffusion model with Holling type II functional response are studied. Firstly, for the model with or without diffusion, we perform a detailed stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis and derive criteria for determining the direction and stability of the bifurcation by the center manifold and normal form theory. Moreover, diffusion-driven Turing instability occurs, which induces spatial inhomogeneous patterns for the reaction–diffusion model. Then, the existence of positive non-constant steady-states of the reaction–diffusion model is established by the Leray–Schauder degree theory and some a priori estimates. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to visualize the complex dynamic behavior.     

Master symmetries for Volterra equation, Belov–Chaltikian and Blaszak–Marciniak lattice equations

It is shown how to derive master symmetries for nonlinear lattice equations systematically using the basic principles but without using either their zero curvature equations or the bi-Hamiltonian structure. This has been illustrated for Volterra equation, two coupled Belov–Chaltikian (BC), and three coupled Blaszak–Marciniak (BM) lattice equations. The existence of a sequence of master symmetries is one of the characteristics of completely integrable nonlinear partial differential and differential–difference equations admitting Hamiltonian structure.     

Semiparametric modeling of the spatiotemporal trends in natural gas consumption: Methodology,results, and consequences

Household consumption of natural gas is usually considered to be quite stable as cooking, space, and water heating belong to basic needs. The improvement of technologies together with possibilities of switching to alternative sources can, however, lead to a decreasing consumption trend. Knowing more about such trend, especially of its spatial distribution, can be useful for strategic planning. In this paper, we describe a general statistical methodology allowing to study the spatiotemporal behavior of consumption. It is based on semiparametric modeling. Formalized error and sensitivity analyses are part of the methodology. Presented methods are illustrated on large‐scale data from the Czech Republic.     

A preliminary study into emergent behaviours in a lattice of interacting nonlinear resonators and oscillators

Future sensor arrays will be composed of interacting nonlinear components with complex behaviours with no known analytic solutions. This paper provides a preliminary insight into the expected behaviour through numerical and analytical analysis. Specifically, the complex behaviour of a periodically driven nonlinear Duffing resonator coupled elastically to a van der Pol oscillator is investigated as a building block in a 2D lattice of such units with local connectivity. An analytic treatment of the 2-device unit is provided through a two-time-scales approach and the stability of the complex dynamic motion is analysed. The pattern formation characteristics of a 2D lattice composed of these units coupled together through nearest neighbour interactions is analysed numerically for parameters appropriate to a physical realisation through MEMS devices. The emergent patterns of global and cluster synchronisation are investigated with respect to system parameters and lattice size.     

On the integrable discrete versions of the Leznov lattice: Determinant solutions and pfaffianization

In this paper, we present the Casorati form of the N-soliton solution for an integrable fully-discrete version and two integrable semi-discrete versions of the Leznov lattice, which arise from the integrable discretization of the two-dimensional Leznov lattice. By using the pfaffianization procedure of Hirota and Ohta, a new integrable coupled system is generated from the semi-discrete version of the Leznov lattice in the y-direction.     

Effect of inhomogeneity in energy transfer through alpha helical proteins with interspine coupling

The dynamics of homogeneous and inhomogeneous alpha helical proteins with interspine coupling is under investigation in this paper by proposing a suitable model Hamiltonian. For specific choice of parameters, the dynamics of homogeneous alpha helical proteins is found to be governed by a set of completely integrable three coupled derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations (Chen–Lee–Liu equations). The effect of inhomogeneity is understood by performing a perturbation analysis on the resulting perturbed three coupled NLS equation. An equivalent set of integrable discrete three coupled derivative NLS equations is derived through an appropriate generalization of the Lax pair of the original Ablowitz–Ladik lattice and the nature of the energy transfer along the lattice is studied.     

Transition to turbulence in coupled maps on hierarchical lattices

General hierarchical lattices of coupled maps are considered as dynamical systems. These models may describe many processes occurring in heterogeneous media with tree-like structures. The transition to turbulence via spatiotemporal intermittency is investigated for these geometries. Critical exponents associated to the onset of turbulence are calculated as functions of the parameters of the systems. No evidence of non-trivial collective behavior is observed in the global quantity used to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics.     

Pattern-forming systems for control of large arrays of actuators

Summary. We consider an approach for coordinating the activity of a large array of microactuators via diffusive (i.e., nearest-neighbor) coupling combined with reactive growth and decay, implemented via interconnection templates which have been artificially engineered into the system (for example, in collocated microelectronic circuitry, or through the formulation of active material layers). Such coupled systems can support interesting spatiotemporal patterns, which in turn determine the actuation patterns. Generating such spatiotemporal patterns typically involves stressing the interconnections by raising or lowering a parameter resulting in the crossing of stability thresholds. The possibility of making such parametric adjustments via feedback on a slower timescale offers a solution to the problem of communicating effectively within a large array: The communication is achieved through the interconnection template. The mathematics behind this idea leads us into the rich domain of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with spatiotemporal pattern solutions. We present a global nonlinear stability analysis that applies to certain model pattern-forming systems. The nonlinear stability analysis could serve as a starting point for control system design for systems containing large microactuator arrays. Received August 1, 2000; accepted August 16, 2001 Online publication November 5, 2001