First isolation of monomeric N-alkoxyarylaminyl radicals and their chemical and magnetic properties.

The present report describes the first isolation of monomeric N-alkoxyarylaminyls and their chemical and magnetic properties. Reaction of the corresponding lithium amides of 2,4-diaryl-6-tert-butylanilines, 2,6-diaryl-4-tert-butylanilines, or 2,4,6-triarylanilines with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate in THF at -78 degrees C yielded quite persistent N-tert-butoxy-2,4-diaryl-6-tert-butylphenylaminyls (1), N-tert-butoxy-2,6-diaryl-4-tert-butylphenylaminyls (2), and N-tert-butoxy-2,4,6-triarylphenylaminyls (3), respectively, which were isolated in the monomeric form in 17-25% yields. All radicals prepared were oxygen insensitive and thermally very stable. X-ray crystallographic analyses were carried out for two radicals, and it was shown that the N and O atoms are coplanar with the anilino benzene ring. The ESR spectra of 1-3 gave a(N) = 0.984-1.05 and a(H) (anilino meta) = 0.158-0.170 mT (g = 2.0041-2.0043), indicating that the unpaired electron mainly resides on the nitrogen and anilino benzene ring. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for 1 and 3 showed that one radical revealed a weak ferromagnetic interaction and an analysis by the Curie-Weiss law gave 0.3 K as theta. The other radicals examined showed weak antiferromagnetic interactions and theta's were determined to be -0.3 to -1.5 K.     

Magnetic interaction of pyridyl-substituted thioaminyl stable free radicals

N-(2-Pyridylthio)-2,6-diaryl-4-R-phenylaminyls (R = Ph, 4-ClC(6)H(4), MeCO, CN, EtOCO) and N-(4-pyridylthio)-2,6-diaryl-4-R-phenylaminyls (R = Ph, 4-ClC(6)H(4), EtOCO) were prepared and isolated as radical crystals. Their ESR spectra were measured, and the NS and pyridyl nitrogen and anilino meta and pyridyl ortho and para proton hyperfine coupling constants were determined. The spin-density calculations based on the density functional theory were performed by the UBecke 3LYP hybrid method using the STO 6-31G basis set. X-ray crystallographic analyses were performed for three radicals, and their structures were discussed in detail. The magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out for the nine kinds of isolated radicals with a SQUID magnetometer. One radical showed ferromagnetic coupling (2J/k(B) = 44 K), and the others showed antiferromagnetic behavior. The magnetic interactions observed are explained on the basis of the crystal structures.     

Heterocycle-substituted stable thioaminyl radicals: isolation, ESR spectra, and magnetic properties(1)

N-[(2-Benzothiazolyl)thio]- (1), N-[(2-benzoxazolyl)thio]- (2), and N-(2-pyrimidylthio)-2,4,6-trisubstituted-phenylaminyls (3) were generated by oxidation of the corresponding amines. Although 2 and 3 were not sufficiently persistent to be isolated, 1 was very persistent and could be isolated as radical crystals. The ESR spectra of nondeuterated and partially deuterated 1-3 radicals were measured, and the spin density distributions were estimated from the hyperfine coupling constants. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were made for 1 to discuss the spin density distribution in more detail. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis was performed for one radical. Magnetic properties were measured for isolated four radicals with a SQUID. Two radicals showed ferromagnetic interaction, and analyses of chiT vs T plots with the one-dimensional regular Heisenberg model gave 2J/k(B) = 5.8 and 8.6 K. The remaining two radicals showed antiferromagnetic interaction. Analyses of the chiT vs T plots with the Curie-Weiss law or dimer model gave theta = -1.4 K and 2J/k(B) = -1370 K. The strong antiferromagnetic interaction could be explained in terms of the X-ray crystallographic results.     

Ferromagnetic behavior of formyl-group-carrying stable thioaminyl radicals

Four formyl-group-carrying thioaminyl radicals were generated, and one radical could be isolated as radical crystals. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of the isolated radical showed a ferromagnetic regular linear-chain interaction of 2J/k(B) = 3.2 K, which was explained in terms of the X-ray crystallographic results.     

Competing processes in condensation of 3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyano-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-arylacrylamides with cyanoacetanilides

Reaction of cyanoacetanilides with 3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyano-N-arylacrylamides proceeds to form isomeric N,1-diaryl-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamides. A single crystal consisting of 2-amino-4-methylthio-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-1-phenyl-5-cyano-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide and 2-amino-4-methylthio-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-N-phenyl-5-cyano-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide was studied by XRD.     

Initiation of lipid autoxidation by ABAP at pH 4-10 in SDS micelles

The rates of radical generation, R(i), by two water soluble initiators: 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) and 2,2'-azobis[2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)propionamide], and the lipid soluble 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile were measured in an SDS micellar system over a pH range of 4-10. Enhanced values of R(i) at low pH are attributed to Coulombic repulsion of protonated radicals.     

Stereoselective Methods for the Synthesis of 4-Benzoyl-1-benzoylamino-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-cyano-1-methylthio-1-butene and Its Structure

Selective methods were developed for the synthesis of 4-benzoyl-1-benzoylamino-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-cyano-1-methylthio-1-butene on the basis of the reaction of N-methylmorpholinium and piperidinium 5-benzoyl-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-hydroxy-6-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2-thiolates with methyl iodide. The structure of the product was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

Synthesis of novel isoxazolyl bis-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines

A new synthetic strategy for the synthesis of novel 3-(3-(3-methyl-4-nitroisoxazol-5-yl)-2-phenyl-1-(5,7-diaryl-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)propyl)-5,7-diaryl-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidines(7a-i) analogues is described.Reaction of 3-(2(3-methyl-4-nitroisoxazole-5-yl)-1-phenylethyl)pentane-2,4-dione(3) with two moles of thiourea in presence of iodine and CuO afforded 4-(1-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-3-(3-methyl-4-nitroisoxazol-5-yl)-2-aryl propyl-thiazol-2-amine(5).Compound 5 on reaction with two moles of chalcone(6) furnished novel 3-(3-(3-methyl-4-nitroisoxazol-5-yl)-2-phenyl-1-(5,7-diaryl-7H-thiazolo[3,2a]pyrimidin-3-yl)propyl)-5,7-diaryl-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidines(7a-i).     

Recyclization of 1-amino-3.5-diaryl-2.6,6-tricyanocyclohexa-1,3,-dienes to pyridine derivatives

The base-catalyzed recyclization of 1-amino-3,5-diaryl-2,6, 6-tricyanocyclohexa-1,3-dienes to 2,4-diaryl-5-cyano-6-dicyanomethylene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines, 4,6-diaryl-3-cyano-2-dicyanomethylene-1,2-dihydropyridines, and 4,6-diaryl-3-cyano-2-dicyanomethylpyridines has been investigated. The intermediate products of this reaction — cis, trans-2-amino,4,6-diaryl-1,1,3-tricyanohexa-1,3,5-trienes —have been isolated; on heating these are transformed reversibly into the initial cyclohexadienes or they isomerize irreversibly into trans, trans-hexatrienes, while in the presence of a base (piperidine, diethylamine, triethylamine, KOH), they cyclize to form the above-mentioned' pyridine derivatives.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, PP. 621–625, May, 1986.     

Isolation and magnetic properties of heterocycle-carrying N-alkoxyarylaminyl radicals

Two N-tert-butoxy-2,6-diaryl-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylaminyls (1) and three N-tert-butoxy-2,6-diaryl-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylaminyls (2) were prepared by the reaction of the lithium salts of the corresponding anilines with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate. Although 1 could not be isolated as radical crystals, 2 was successfully obtained as red crystals. The X-ray crystallographic analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed for one isolated radical.     

N-tert-Butoxy-1-aminopyrenyl Radicals. Isolation,Electronic Structure,and Magnetic Characterization

N-tert-Butoxy-2,7-di-tert-butyl-1-pyrenylaminyl (4), N-tert-butoxy-2-tert-butyl-1-pyrenylaminyl (5), and N-tert-butoxy-7-tert-butyl-1-pyrenylaminyl (6) free radicals were generated by the reaction of the lithium amides of the corresponding 1-aminopyrenes with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate in THF at -78 degrees C. Although 6 could not be isolated due to the gradual decomposition in solution, 4 and 5 were quite persistent and could be isolated as monomeric radical crystals. The X-ray crystallographic analyses for the isolated free radicals were successfully carried out, indicating that the N and O atoms are almost coplanar with the pyrene ring. The ESR spectra of 4 and 5 were very complex due to the presence of many magnetically unequivalent protons. Therefore, the proton hyperfine coupling (hfc) constants were determined by (1)H ENDOR/TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy. To assign the hfc constants for the pyrene ring protons, a partially deuterated radical, 4-d(4), was prepared and the ENDOR and ESR spectra were measured. To discuss the spin density distribution for 4 and 5 ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed by the DFT UBecke 3LYP method, using the STO 6-31G basis set. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out for 4 and 5 with a SQUID magnetometer. For 4 a weak antiferromagnetic interaction was observed, and for 5 a very strong antiferromagnetic interaction was observed. The antiferromagnetic interactions were explained by their crystal structures.     

Stereochemical aspects of formation of substituted hydrogenated 3-(1-pyridinio)-6-pyridinethiolates and synthesis of 4,6-diaryl-3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinethiones on their basis

Regioselective and stereoselective methods were developed for the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-2,4-diaryl-3-(1-pyridinio)-5-cyano-3,4-trans-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-6-thiolates on the basis of the reactions of cyanothioacetamide with E-1-styrylpyridinium salts or aromatic aldehydes and 1-phenacyl-pyridinium bromide. The products exist in the half-chair conformation with the trans-diaxial arrangement of hydrogen atoms 3 and 4. The Michael adducts in the form of the anti conformers with the synclinal arrangement of the reaction centers act as intermediates. The obtained thiolates were converted with high yields into 4,6-diaryl-3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinethiones.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 370–375, March, 1990.     

Syntheses and magnetic properties of Cu(II)(hfac)2 and Mn(II)(hfac)2 complexes of 4-pyridyl-substituted thioaminyl radicals

Two types of Cu(II)(hfac)2 and Mn(II)(hfac)2 complexes of N-(4-pyridylthio)-4-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)phenylaminyl (1) and N-(4-pyridylthio)-2,4,6-tris(4-chlorophenyl)phenylaminyl (2) were prepared and their X-ray crystallographic and magnetic studies were performed. Mixtures of Cu(II)(hfac)2 and 1 and Mn(II)(hfac)2 and 2 in anhydrous heptane-benzene solution gave 1 : 2 complexes of M(II)(hfac)2 (M = Cu, Mn) and 1 or 2 in 73-75% yields. For Cu(II)(hfac)2(1)2 and Mn(II)(hfac)2(2)2 X-ray crystallographic analyses were successfully performed. The magnetic behaviors for the two metal complexes were investigated with a SQUID magnetometer. The analyses for the chimolTvs. T plots of Cu(II)(hfac)2(1)2 were carried out by the numerical diagonalization of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian matrix (4096 x 4096 matrix) for the four repeating units of the complex (12-spin system). The exchange interaction between the copper(II) ion and the thioaminyl radicals is ferromagnetic (J1/kB = +28 K) and the interactions between the complexes is antiferromagnetic (J2/kB = -13 K). The magnetic behavior of Mn(II)(hfac)2(2)2 complexes is well analyzed with the theoretical equation of a 1/2-5/2-1/2 three-spin system taking the intermolecular interaction (theta) into account. The exchange interaction between the Mn(II) ion and the thioaminyl radicals is antiferromagnetic (J/kB = -4.2 K) and theta = -1.0 K. These magnetic behaviors could be well explained in terms of their crystal structures.     

A convenient synthesis for some new pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno-[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potential biological activity

Ready, convenient synthesis for 8-cyano-7-ethoxy-4-oxo-9-phenyl-2-substituted-1,2,3,-4-tetrahydropyrido-[3′,2′:,4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines 5 , 8-cyano-7-ethoxy-4-oxo-9-phenyl-2-substituted-3,4-dihydropyrido[3′,2-: 4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines 6 , 4-chloro-8-cyano-7-ethoxy-9-phenyl-2-substitutedpyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-4 -pyrimidines 7 and 8-cyano-7-ethoxy-2-(2′-nitrophenyl)-9-phenyl-4-substitutedpyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2- d ]pyrimidines 8-18 from 2-chloro-3,5-dicyano-6-ethoxy-4-phenylpyridine 1 via 3,5-dicyano-6-ethoxy-2-mercapto-4-phenylpyridine 2 and aminocarboxamide 4 are reported. In addition, the reaction of hydrazino derivative 12 with reagents such as formic acid and triethyl orthoformate yielded the fused tetraheterocyclic 8-cyano-9- ethoxy-5-(2′-nitrophenyl)- 7-phenylpyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3-e]-1, 2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine system 19 .     

Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds VIII. 4H-Pyrans from α-benzoylcinnamonitriles

A new synthesis of substituted 4H-pyrans is reported. The base catalyzed reaction of substituted α-benzoy]cinnamonitri]es (I) with malononitrile yields 6-amino-2,4-diaryl-3,5-dieyano-4H-pyrans (III). Similarly, 6-amirio-2,4-diaryl-5-carbethoxy-3-cyano-4H-pyrans (IV) have been prepared Irom ethyl cyanoacetate.     

Manganese(III)-mediated intermolecular cyclization reactions of alkenes and active methylene compounds

The reactions of 1,1-diphenylethene, 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene, 1,1-bis(4-methylphenyl)ethene, and 1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene with 3,5-diacetyl-2,6-heptanedione in the presence of manganese(III) acetate in acetic acid at 80° yielded 4,6-diacetyl-8,8-diaryl-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-enes (41-48%), 5-acetyl-2,2-diaryl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furans (20–21%), 3-acetyl-5,5-diaryl-2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofurans (5–10%), and benzophenones (3–7%). Similarly, the reactions of 1,1-diarylethenes with dimethyl 2,4-diacetyl-1,5-pentanedioate or diethyl 2,4-diacetyl-1,5-pentanedioate gave the corresponding 4,6-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)-8,8-diaryl-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-enes in moderate yields.     

Reaction of organozinc reagents formed from <Emphasis Type="Italic">α,α</Emphasis>-dibromocarbonyl compounds and zinc with (3-phenylprop-2-enylidene)malonodinitriles and primary amides of 2-Cyano-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid

Organozinc compounds formed from 1-aryl-2,2-dibromoalkanes, α,α-dibromopinacoline, and dialkyl dibromomalonates and zinc react with (3-phenylprop-2-enylidene)malonodinitriles and primary amides of 2-cyano-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid to form 2-alkyl-2-aroyl-3-(phenylvinyl)cyclopropan-1,1-dicarboxylic acid dinitriles, N-substituted amides of 3-(phenylvinyl)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)-1-cyanocyclopropan-1-carboxylic acids, and alkyl 3-R-6-(phenylvinyl)-2,4-dioxo-5-cyano-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]-hexan-1-carboxylates as a single stereoisomer.     

EPR, ENDOR, and DFT study of free radicals in L-lysine·HCl·2H2O single crystals X-irradiated at 298 K

With K-band EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance), ENDOR (Electron-Nuclear DOuble Resonance), and EIE (ENDOR-induced EPR) techniques, three free radicals (RI-RIII) in L-lysine hydrochloride dihydrate single crystals X-irradiated at 298 K were detected at 298 K, and six radicals (R1, R1', R2-R5) were detected if the temperature was lowered to 66 K from 298 K. R1 and RI dominated the central portion of the EPR at 66 and 298 K, respectively, and were identified as main chain deamination radicals, (-)OOC?H(CH(2))(4)(NH(3))(+). R1' was identified as a main chain deamination radical with the different configuration from R1 at 66 K, and it probably formed during cooling the temperature from 298 to 66 K. The configurations of R1, R1', and RI were analyzed with their coupling tensors. R2 and R3 each contain one α- and four β-proton couplings and have very similar EIEs at three crystallographic axes. The two-layer ONIOM calculations (at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p):PM3) support that R2 and R3 are from different radicals: dehydrogenation at C4, (-)OOCCH(NH(3))(+)CH(2)?H(CH(2))(2)(NH(3))(+), and dehydrogenation at C5, (-)OOCCH(NH(3))(+)(CH(2))(2)?HCH(2)(NH(3))(+), respectively. The comparisons of the coupling tensors indicated that R2 (66 K) is the same radical as RII (298 K), and R3 is the same as RIII. Thus, RII and RIII also are the radicals of C4 and C5 dehydrogenation. R4 and R5 are minority radicals and were observed only when temperature was lowered to 66 K. R4 and R5 were only tentatively assigned as the side chain deamination radical, (-)OOCCH (NH(3))(+)(CH(2))(3)?H(2), and the radical dehydrogenation at C3, (-)OOCCH(NH(3))(+)?H(CH(2))(3)(NH(3))(+), respectively, although the evidence was indirect. From simulation of the EPR (B//a, 66 K), the concentrations of R1, R1', and R2-R5 were estimated as: R1, 50%; R1', 11%; R2, 14%; R3, 16%; R4, 6%; R5, 3%.     

Multiple pathways in the synthesis of new annelated analogues of 6-benzyl-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-isopropyluracil (emivirine)

Condensation of 3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxamide (11) with oxalyl chloride and condensation of ethyl 2-benzylamino-5-methyl-3-phenylcyclopent-1-enecarboxylate (17a) with trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate gave 7-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[e][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione (12) and 1-benzyl-5-methyl-7-phenyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,5,6,7- hexahydrocyclopentapyrimidin-4-one (18a), respectively. Acid catalyzed ring-closure of 6-(4-methyl-1-phenylpent-3-enyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one (26) and radical mediated ring-closure of 1,3-bis(benzyloxymethyl)-5-bromo-6-(1-phenylbut-3-enyl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4- dione (32a) gave 5,5-dimethyl-8-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-quinazoline-2,4- dione (28) and 1,3-bis(benzyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-7-phenyl-1,5,6,7- tetrahydrocyclopentapyrimidine-2,4-dione (33), respectively. Annelated emivirine analogues 7-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1- ethoxymethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrimidine-2,4-dione (4), 1-ethoxymethyl-5,5-dimethyl-8-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-quinazoline- 2,4-dione (5) and 1-ethoxymethyl-5-methyl-7-phenyl-1,5,6,7- tetrahydrocyclopentapyrimidine-2,4-dione (6) were obtained in few steps from 12, 28 and 18a/33, respectively. These new analogues can be considered as conformationally locaTed analogues of emivirine. However, the compounds 4 6 showed lower activities against HIV-1 than emivirine and it is concluded that the locked conformation disfavours activity against HIV-1.     

Synthesis of 5-Phenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines

Syntheses are reported for a series of 2-alkylamino-6-phenyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridines. The reaction of 3-cyano-2-(hydroxyalkylamino)-6-phenyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridines with thionyl chloride gave the corresponding 2-(chloroalkylamino)pyridines, 8-cyano-5-phenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, and 9-cyano-6-phenyl-8-trifluoromethyl-2,3,4-trihydropyrido[1,2-a]-pyrimidines. X-ray diffraction structural analysis was used to study 8-cyano-5-phenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.