中德初中化学教材中“原子”编写的比较

原子是初中化学课程的重要知识内容,是初中学生学习的重点和难点之一,不同的教材内容和编排对学生的学习有着不同的效果。本文从内容体系、编写思路、呈现方式3个方面对中国和德国的4种初中化学教材中“原子”的编写进行比较。     

俄罗斯现行初中化学教材的分析与思考

通过对俄罗斯现行初中化学教材的分析,总结该教材在处理综合性内容与化学学科内容的关系,自然科学知识与社会科学知识的内在联系,以及化学与社会等相关问题上的设计方法和可取经验,并由此对我国初中化学教材的编写提出建议。     

义务教育化学教材编写的几点思考

为适应山东省初中化学教学改革的需要1989年山东省教学研究室以国家教委颁发的《九年制义务教育全日制中学化学教学大纲(初审稿)》为依据,组织人员编写了一套面向山东省大多数地区的义务教育化学试验教材。几年来,在教材的编写、试验和修订过程中,我们深深地感到初中化学教材的编写如何适应义务教育的新形势、新任务和新要求,是值得认真研究和探讨的问题。下面结合山东省义务教育化学试验教材的编写,就义务教育化学教材编写中的几个问题谈谈我们的看法。     

国外化学原理教材介绍——以Zumdahl的Chemistry(10th edition)为例

Zumdahl夫妇和DeCoste合著的Chemistry是一本在国内外广受赞誉的化学原理类教材。本文以此教材为例,介绍了国外化学原理类的教材。Chemistry这本教材内容既有广度同时也具有深度,具有可读性强、适用面广和拓展性强的特点。教材编写紧扣其培养学生化学思维和知识应用能力的基本理念,在内容和形式设计上运用了多种策略培养学生分析解决问题的能力和批判性思维能力。     

中美初中化学教材实验和探究栏目编写的比较研究

初中阶段是学生学习化学的启蒙阶段,能否编制适合学生认知水平和兴趣的化学入门教材,对今后学生学习化学起着至关重要的作用。通过分析比较中美2套初中化学教材中实验和探究活动的编写特点,为我国初中化学新课程标准的实施和新教材的进一步修订和编写提供参考。     

用新理念编写《环境化学实验》

实验教材建设是课程建设的重要内容之一,也是提高教学质量的重要保证。本文在充分调研国内外同类教材的基础上,开展了对教材内容、体系和结构及同类教材比较等方面的研究,介绍了《环境化学实验》教材编写的新理念、新思路及教材的内容、特点及在培养学生创新精神与实践能力方面取得的效果。     

“五·四”学制初中化学教材介绍

我校接受国家教委的委托,承担了“五·四”学制教育试验和编写“五·四”学制初中化学教材的任务。从1985年以来,我们一面进行学制试验,一面根据九年制义务教育的要求,对化学教材的编写作出构想,并把我们的初步构想放到教育试验中去检验。目前初中化学教材第一册(包括与之配套的化学实验教材、习题册)已经出版,第二册(包括与之配套的教材)也将于今年6月出版,并同时出版第一册和第二册的教学参考书。下面对这套教材作一简单的介绍。     

自主学习型物理化学教材的评述和启示

通过对国内外的代表性物理化学教材的分析,归纳出自主学习型物理化学教材的显著特点,以期为国内教材编写、教材选用、教学素材选取和双语教学的实施提供参考。     

新加坡Chemistry Matters教材中实验内容的分析及启示

以新加坡初中化学Chemistry Matters教材为研究对象，对教材中涉及的实验案例、实验类型及数量进行了统计。结合新加坡新版科学教学大纲及PISA测试，从教材实验的内容选取、设计意图、呈现方式等方面进行分析，并对教材实验部分蕴含的核心素养进行一定程度地挖掘。研究得出：Chemistry Matters教材中实验的设置具有"内容选取彰显与时俱进，设计意图注重学以致用，呈现方式突出图表结合，活动过程强化问题引导"等特点。     

《义务教育课程标准实验教科书·化学(九年级)》的设计思想和特点

本文介绍了２００１年人教社化学室最新编写的初中化学实验教科书的设计思想和特点,并对该教科书改革的重点——内容的选取、体系结构的构建,以及呈现方式等进行了深入的探讨。     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Preparation and photolysis of poly-p-ethylacrylophenone and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone and their copolymers with styrene and methyl methacrylate

Poly-p-ethylacrylophenone (PPEtAP) and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone (PPClAP) and their copolymers with styrene (PEtAP/S) and (PClAP/S) and with methyl methacrylate (PEtAP/MMA) and (PClAP/MMA) were prepared. Quantum yields of main-chain scissions at 366 nm at room temperature in benzene solution are of the same order as those of the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers. Substitution with chlorine and ethyl group in the para position compared to the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers leads to an increase of the lifetime for the n–π^* excited triplet state, as is evident from the measured quenching constants of photolysis. The low-temperature emission spectra of the copolymers are similar to the spectra of the model compounds in a polymer film. For the homopolymer, however, the character of the emission spectrum changes considerably.     

Concentrations and distributions of trace and minor elements in Chinese and Canadian coals and ashes

A total of 35 trace and minor elements including some of environmental significance were determined in each of a selection of 15 Chinese and 6 Canadian thermal coals and their ashes by using the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor facility of the University of Toronto. The concentrations and distributions of these constituents among the coals and their combustion products (viz. ash and volatile matter) are presented together with an interpretation of their significance in relation to the large scale combustion of these coals as thermal fuels in industrialized countries such as China and Canada. The detailed results showed wide variations in trace impurity concentrations (up to a factor of 100 and more) among the coals studied with few large differences between those of Chinese and Canadian origin except that the rare earths, Sc, Th, U, I, and Se were much higher in the former, other halogens, As and Na were lower. Values for elemental enrichment factors (EF) relative to normal crustal abundances indicated that only As(EF=13), Br(5.7), I(16), S(230), Sb(11) and Se(320) were appreciably enriched in coal. During static ashing at 750°C most of the halogens, S and Se were volatilized whereas most other inorganic constituents were highly retained and concentrated in the ash by factors of 6 to 11.