始于“集邮”,终于“思想”

物理学研究虽然要从研究一个个自然现象,进行知识点"集邮"开始,但追求的是"思维经济",追求利用简单的规律来描述复杂的世界。学习物理虽亦始于"集邮"但不能终于"集邮",而要重视思维方式的训练与建构。     

以“变”促“迁”,培养学生物理能力

"技能"需要知识来支撑,"方法"需要过程去实现.基本知识的掌握、运用与物理能力是相辅相成的,基本功的积累是提高能力的基础.     

玻色子凝聚,费米子排斥,“任意子”呢？

众所周知,粒子被划分为玻色子和费米子两大类.但是在特定的二维系统中,这种分类可能不再成立.在这些二维系统中存在着一种性质介于玻色子与费米子之间的粒子或类粒子激发.这类粒子于1982年被命名为“任意子”(anyon).任意子存在的基础是受到了物理学中诸如磁单极、Aharonov-Bohm效应、电荷和角动量量子化等这些奇妙又极有吸引力的概念的支撑. 哈佛大学的B.Halperin于1984年指出,分数量子霍耳效应理论中所讨论的元激发,其行为类似于任意子.他的这一观点为F.Wil-czek等许多科学家所肯定.此外,P.Ander-son在高温超导材料发现后不久就指出,…     

搞好后勤工作,为“四化”多作贡献

科研后勤工作是一项政策性强责任重大联系面广事务繁杂的服务工作。这项工作搞好了,职工的吃,住,医,行,等生活条件都可以解决。这对稳定全所职工情绪,调动技术人员和工人的积极因素,增强团结,促进科研生产将起到积极的作用。有鉴于此,廿年来,所党委及所领导对后勤工作极为重视。     

巧妙估算,求解“不可能”问题

<正>费米是1938年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者,他不仅是一位天才的科学家,也是一位善于启发人的教育家。费米提出这样一种处理难题的思维方式:你听到一个问题,可你     

Helmholtz, Riemann, and the Sirens: Sound, Color, and the “Problem of Space”

Emerging from music and the visual arts, questions about hearing and seeing deeply affected Hermann Helmholtz’s and Bernhard Riemann’s contributions to what became called the “problem of space [Raumproblem],” which in turn influenced Albert Einstein’s approach to general relativity. Helmholtz’s physiological investigations measured the time dependence of nerve conduction and mapped the three-dimensional manifold of color sensation. His concurrent studies on hearing illuminated musical evidence through experiments with mechanical sirens that connect audible with visible phenomena, especially how the concept of frequency unifies motion, velocity, and pitch. Riemann’s critique of Helmholtz’s work on hearing led Helmholtz to respond and study Riemann’s then-unpublished lecture on the foundations of geometry. During 1862–1870, Helmholtz applied his findings on the manifolds of hearing and seeing to the Raumproblem by supporting the quadratic distance relation Riemann had assumed as his fundamental hypothesis about geometrical space. Helmholtz also drew a “close analogy … in all essential relations between the musical scale and space.” These intersecting studies of hearing and seeing thus led to reconsideration and generalization of the very concept of “space,” which Einstein shaped into the general manifold of relativistic space-time.     

Equivalence principle,the general theory of relativity,ang “black holes”

The equivalence principle is necessary for the validity of Newtonian mechanics, since only in this case can one consider an isolated system, neglecting the attraction of distant bodies. The possibility of verifying the equivalence principle by observations of the structure of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe is discussed. It is pointed out that the existence of horizons with valve properties -a one-way exchange of information—contradicts the equivalence principle.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 11–15, January, 1984.     

学习“实践論”,改进物理教学工作

九年来,我在教学工作中碰到问题就学“实践论”,并初步运用“实践论”所阐明的辩证唯物主义的认识论和知行统一观,来处理教学实践活动与周围物质环境的关系,不断地、反复地改造自己的教学观点,改进自己的教学方法,从而提高了教学质量。下面我想就这些方面谈谈自己的一些初步做法和体会。刚担任物理教学工作时,学生总是反映:“物理很抽象,听不懂”;“上课好象听得懂,但课后解题或具体运用所学知识时,感觉无从着手”;“过一段时间就忘光了”等等。当时,我认为:“物理课本来就难学,再加上自己业务水平     

创建“开放式”物理课堂,提高教学有效性

如何在教学过程中,转变教学理念,立足长远,用当代教育观来教育和培养学生,把握学科重点和难点,合理选择教学模式和教学策略是新课标改革后给教师们留下的一道作业题.创建“开放式”物理教学课堂,增加师生教学互动,是为了引导学生自主合作学习,进行探究性学习,是提高教学质量的有效途径,可以帮助学生养成独立思考习惯、树立学无止境的观念,充分体现了新课程标准的根本理念.教师应在教学实践中,努力发掘学生的创新能力,发挥学生的主动性和创造性,构建丰富多彩、多元发展的物理课堂.     

学习“实践論”,改进物理教学工作

九年来,我在教学工作中碰到问题就学“实践论”,并初步运用“实践论”所阐明的辩证唯物主义的认识论和知行统一观,来处理教学实践活动与周围物貭环境的关系,不断地、反复地改造自己的教学观点,改进自己的教学方法,从而提高了教学貭量。下面我想就这些方面谈谈自己的一些初步做法和体会。     

大学物理课程的学习视界:感悟“动态历程”,构建“心智地图”

在大学物理课程的学习过程中,学生是学习的主体.大学物理课程的教学要注重使学生感悟渗透在物理学内容中的物理思想和物理学方法的发展过程,理解物理学科结构各部分之间在论证逻辑上和物理学思想上的互相关联.前者是大学物理课程学习视界的"动态历程",后者是大学物理课程学习视界的"心智地图".本文以热学为例,以提出"六个为什么"的问题的形式为"动态历程"和"心智地图"提供了一个研讨和交流的案例.     

Answer to “information flow,causality, and the classical theory of Tachyons”

We briefly answer the comments in Information Flow, Causality and the Classical Theory of Tachyons by Basano.Work partially supported by MPI (ex-art. 286 T.U.).     

Chemomagnetism,magnetoconcentration effect,and “fishtail” anomaly in chemically induced granular superconductors

Within a 2D model of Josephson junction arrays (created by a 2D network of twin boundary dislocations with strain fields acting as an insulating barrier between hole-rich domains in underdoped crystals), a few novel effects expected to occur in intrinsically granular material are predicted, including (i) Josephson chemomagnetism (chemically induced magnetic moment in zero applied magnetic field) and its influence on a low-field magnetization (chemically induced paramagnetic Meissner effect) and (ii) the magnetoconcentration effect (creation of oxygen vacancies in applied magnetic field) and its influence on a high-field magnetization (the chemically induced analogue of the “fishtail” anomaly). The conditions under which these effects can be experimentally measured in nonstoichiometric high-T_c superconductors are discussed.     

“亲爱的,开心点,你刚有了个重大发现!”

正Sarah Tesh和Jess Wade都曾报道了2017英国物理学会主席奖章得主Jocelyn Bell Burnell作为女性科学家,在其科学生涯跌宕起伏的人生经历。1967年,Jocelyn Bell Burnell发现了脉冲星。当时人们谈论她时,并不关心她的科学成就,只是八卦地拿她跟玛格丽特公主比身高。然而很不幸地,这并不是Bell Burnell第一次、也不是最后一次受到这样的性     

从“北极圈高烧,北极熊告急!”谈起

<正>今冬北京气温一直攀高,最高气温竟达10度以上,看来今年的雪又没有指望了。这几年全球多地区频发"高烧",给人们生产、生活造成了极大的损害。去年一则网络的报道更是刷爆朋友圈,消息称:"近日北极圈气温已经超过30℃!北极熊将灭绝",对此人们议论纷纷。对于一个普通民众来讲,"北极圈气温已经超过了30℃"这无疑是个劲爆的消息。在人们心里北极那     

Squeezed “atomic” states,pseudo-Hermitian operators and Wigner D-matrices

The states of N two-level atoms can be mapped onto the eigenvectors of angular momentum (with j=N/2) and this system in interaction with a radiation field constitutes a fundamental model in Quantum Optics. There from one may construct atomic coherent states and minimum uncertainty packets. The squeezing of such states is of considerable contemporary interest. We show that the properties of squeezed atomic states are most elegantly and economically expressed in terms of pseudo-Hermitian operators and through Wigner D-matrices and their analytical continuation.     

“Massive” perturbative QCD, Regular in the IR limit

The goal of the research is to devise a modification of the perturbative QCD (pQCD) that should be regular in the low-energy region and could serve as a practical means for the analysis of data below 1 GeV down to the IR limit. Recent observation of the four-loop pQCD series “blow-up” in the region below 1 GeV for the Bjorken Sum Rule gave an impetus to this attempt. The proposed “massive” analytic pQCD has two sources. It can be treated as the common logarithmic pQCD with only one parameter added, the effective “glueball mass” m _gl ? 1 GeV, serving as an IR regulator. At the same time, it looks like a modification of Analytic Perturbation Theory (APT) comprising nonpower perturbative expansion that makes it compatible with linear integral transformations. Figuratively (with minor reservations), the proposed MAPT differs from the minimal APT by simple ansatz Q ² → Q ² + m _g1 ² .     

以活动单为“桥梁”,强化课堂有效反馈

通过设计活动单导学的模式,探索加强课堂反馈的思路,从本质上、实效上提高学生的发展能力．     

创建“开放式”物理课堂,提高教学有效性之我见

众所周知,课改早已成为了十分热门的话题,这不仅体现在课本的改革与课程的改革上,更体现在教学方法与模式上的改变.教育部门一直在提倡发展素质教育,但是真正做到素质教育的学校与教师是屈指可数的.物理作为一门应用性与实践性较强的学科,加强素质方面的教育是深化物理课堂及其教学内容的关键要素.为了更好地实现物理课堂的素质教育化,就必须进行课堂与教学的探索,而“开放式”教学则成为了目前十分理想的一种课堂教学模式.为此,本文就“开放式”物理课堂的创建展开了讨论,以期为物理课堂教学提供一种有效的教学模式,从而提高教学质量与效果.