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蛋白质和RNA通过液-液相分离组装成无膜细胞器。无膜细胞器与液滴具有相似的融合性质,当浓度超过饱和浓度时,生物大分子会形成液滴,接着向凝胶态进行转化,最终形成固态凝聚体。传染性海绵状脑病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病共同的病理特征是,错误折叠的蛋白质(包括朊蛋白、TDP-43和Tau蛋白)形成有毒性的寡聚体或淀粉样纤维。大量研究表明,这些蛋白质都可以发生液-液相分离形成凝聚体。本文综述了蛋白质凝聚作用在传染性海绵状脑病、TDP-43蛋白病以及 Tau蛋白病中的作用机制,重点阐述了相分离如何诱导神经退行性疾病中错误折叠朊蛋白、TDP-43和Tau蛋白形成寡聚体和淀粉样纤维,并讨论和展望了蛋白质凝聚作用与神经退行性疾病关联研究中存在的挑战和机遇。 相似文献
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神经退行性疾病(neurodegenerative diseases,NDs)的标志性病理特征是相关蛋白的错误折叠、聚集并纤维化,即淀粉样变性. 细胞膜界面在NDs病理过程中扮演了重要角色,这些过程包括NDs蛋白的产生、淀粉样单元的细胞内扩散、细胞间传播、细胞内吞及脑内清除. 因此,NDs蛋白与磷脂膜界面的相互作用显著影响蛋白纤维化和NDs病理过程. 手性是磷脂膜的基本化学属性,不同手性特征能产生不同生物物理效应. 因此,磷脂膜界面的手性特征会显著影响NDs蛋白纤维化以及NDs病理过程. 本文揭示了界面在NDs蛋白纤维化和NDs病理过程中的重要性,从分子水平重点阐述了界面的手性特征对NDs蛋白纤维化的影响,探讨了基于手性相互作用的NDs药物设计方法,有助于深入理解NDs病理机制,并对开发能够治愈NDs的药物具有重要意义. 相似文献
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蛋白质组学是在整体水平上研究细胞、组织或生物体蛋白质组成及变化规律的科学.与传统的生物学研究相比,蛋白质组学具有快速、灵敏、高通量的优点.神经退行性疾病是一类由神经系统内特定神经细胞的进程性病变或丢失而导致神经功能障碍的疾病,严重危害人类健康.近年来,基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术在神经退行性疾病的研究中得到了广泛应用.本文简要介绍了蛋白质组学在样品分离、多肽定量、质谱检测及生物标志物临床验证等方面的技术发展,并结合实例综述了基于质谱的蛋白质组学在神经退行性疾病生物标志物发现与验证中的研究进展. 相似文献
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神经退行性疾病是一种发生于中枢神经系统,具有高度致残、致死性的疾病,主要发病人群为中老年群体,目前该类疾病的发病机制尚不清楚,没有有效的治疗策略。随着我国老龄化程度的加深,神经退行性疾病对居民身体健康造成严重威胁。肠道菌群作为寄生在胃肠道中的微生物,与人体呈互利共生的关系,对生命健康起到至关重要的作用,神经退行性疾病的发展伴随着肠道菌群及其相关代谢产物的改变。文章综述了肠道菌群及其代谢产物与神经退行性疾病相互影响的机制,并探讨通过肠道菌群治疗神经退行性疾病的潜在价值,以期为神经退行性疾病的治疗提供新的研究方向。 相似文献
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神经退行性疾病是一类由神经系统内特定神经细胞的进程性病变或丢失而导致的神经功能障碍疾病,随着全球人口的老龄化,其发病率呈明显上升趋势。目前,此类疾病的发病机制尚不明确,临床上缺乏有效的治疗措施。人参含有多种活性成分,具有十分广泛的药理功效,在治疗神经退行性疾病中表现出巨大应用潜力。本文总结归纳了人参在神经退行性疾病防治中的活性成分及检测方法;然后,概述了人参在防治神经退行性疾病中的具体药理作用;最后,对其相关机制和通路进行了总结和评述。目前已经发现的具有神经退行性疾病的预防治疗活性的化学成分种类多,但其更多的活性成分及临床应用研究仍有待进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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脑神经退行性疾病中的有机化学-朊病毒(疯牛病)中的蛋白物理有机化学和自由基化学 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
杨池明 《高等学校化学学报》2002,23(2):243-250
通过关于“普里昂”蛋白病毒疾病的已有临床、医学生理、免疫和化学等方面的现象,讨论了朊病毒当中的部分蛋白氧化损伤和蛋白自由基化学本质。 相似文献
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小分子细胞自噬诱导剂用于治疗神经退行性疾病 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大量突变和错误折叠的蛋白质在细胞内聚集是神经退行性疾病产生的基础,研究发现一些小分子可以通过引起细胞自噬而降解细胞内聚集的突变蛋白,为治疗神经退行性疾病提供了新的方法,本文对神经退行性疾病的发病机理,细胞自噬的机理以及对神经退行性疾病的作用进行了综述。 相似文献
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Dr. Ana B. Caballero Laia Terol‐Ordaz Dr. Alba Espargaró Guillem Vázquez Dr. Ernesto Nicolás Dr. Raimon Sabaté Prof. Patrick Gamez 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(21):7268-7280
Brain copper imbalance plays an important role in amyloid‐β aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neurotoxicity observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the administration of biocompatible metal‐binding agents may offer a potential therapeutic solution to target mislocalized copper ions and restore metallostasis. Histidine‐containing peptides and proteins are excellent metal binders and are found in many natural systems. The design of short peptides showing optimal binding properties represents a promising approach to capture and redistribute mislocalized metal ions, mainly due to their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and the possibility of fine‐tuning their metal‐binding affinities in order to suppress unwanted competitive binding with copper‐containing proteins. In the present study, three peptides, namely HWH , HKCH , and HAH , have been designed with the objective of reducing copper toxicity in AD. These tripeptides form highly stable albumin‐like complexes, showing higher affinity for CuII than that of Aβ(1‐40). Furthermore, HWH , HKCH , and HAH act as very efficient inhibitors of copper‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and prevent the copper‐induced overproduction of toxic oligomers in the initial steps of amyloid aggregation in the presence of CuII ions. These tripeptides, and more generally small peptides including the sequence His‐Xaa‐His at the N‐terminus, may therefore be considered as promising motifs for the future development of new and efficient anti‐Alzheimer drugs. 相似文献
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Youzhi Li Anthony Loureiro Dr. Michel Nguyen Marion Laurent Dr. Christian Bijani Dr. Françoise Benoit-Vical Dr. Anne Robert Prof. Dr. Yan Liu Prof. Dr. Bernard Meunier 《ChemistryOpen》2022,11(5):e202200064
The currently spreading resistance of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin-based combination therapies makes an urgent need for new efficient drugs. Aiming to kill artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium, a series of novel hybrid drugs named Atokels were synthesized and characterized. Atokels are based on an 8-amino- or 8-hydroxyquinoline entity covalently bound to a 1,4-naphthoquinone through a polyamine linker. These drugs have been designed to target the parasite mitochondrion by their naphthoquinone moiety reminiscent of the antimalarial drug atovaquone, and to trigger a damaging oxidative stress due to their ability to chelate metal ions in order to generate redox active complexes in situ. The most effective Atokel drug shown a promising antimalarial activity (IC50=622 nm on an artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum strain) and no cytotoxicity at 50 μm indicating a specific antiplasmodial mode of action. 相似文献
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Hsin‐Lin Chiang Chun‐Jung Chen Hisashi Okumura Chin‐Kun Hu 《Journal of computational chemistry》2014,35(19):1430-1437
Aggregation of polyglutamine peptides with β‐sheet structures is related to some important neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. However, it is not clear how polyglutamine peptides form the β‐sheets and aggregate. To understand this problem, we performed all‐atom replica‐exchange molecular dynamics simulations of one and two polyglutamine peptides with 10 glutamine residues in explicit water molecules. Our results show that two polyglutamine peptides mainly formed helix or coil structures when they are separated, as in the system with one‐polyglutamine peptide. As the interpeptide distance decreases, the intrapeptide β‐sheet structure sometimes appear as an intermediate state, and finally the interpeptide β‐sheets are formed. We also find that the polyglutamine dimer tends to form the antiparallel β‐sheet conformations rather than the parallel β‐sheet, which is consistent with previous experiments and a coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Parkyong Song Seo Young Choi Ji Sun Hwang Hyeon Cheal Park Keun Ki Kim Hong-Joo Son Chang-Oh Hong Yu-Jin Kim Wanil Kim Kwang Min Lee 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(17)
Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathological processes of many neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we demonstrated that Chrysanthemum boreale Makino extract (CBME) suppresses oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our observations revealed that CBME effectively protected neuronal cells against H2O2-induced cell death by preventing caspase-3 activation, Bax upregulation, Bcl-2 downregulation, activation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and NF-κB phosphorylation, and iNOS induction. These results provide evidence that CBME has remarkable neuroprotective properties in SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative damage, suggesting that the complementary or even alternative role of CBME in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases is worth further studies. 相似文献
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In the last few decades, development of novel experimental techniques, such as new types of disulfide (SS)-forming reagents and genetic and chemical technologies for synthesizing designed artificial proteins, is opening a new realm of the oxidative folding study where peptides and proteins can be folded under physiologically more relevant conditions. In this review, after a brief overview of the historical and physicochemical background of oxidative protein folding study, recently revealed folding pathways of several representative peptides and proteins are summarized, including those having two, three, or four SS bonds in the native state, as well as those with odd Cys residues or consisting of two peptide chains. Comparison of the updated pathways with those reported in the early years has revealed the flexible nature of the protein folding pathways. The significantly different pathways characterized for hen-egg white lysozyme and bovine milk α-lactalbumin, which belong to the same protein superfamily, suggest that the information of protein folding pathways, not only the native folded structure, is encoded in the amino acid sequence. The application of the flexible pathways of peptides and proteins to the engineering of folded three-dimensional structures is an interesting and important issue in the new realm of the current oxidative protein folding study. 相似文献
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Yue Sun Zeshuai Yao Guangyu Wang Lisha Wang Prof. Min Bai Prof. Dr. Hu Shi 《Chemphyschem》2023,24(6):e202200710
Zn2+ is a very important factor in promoting the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates and amyloid plaques. The Zn2+-bound Aβ species generate amorphous or low molecular-weight oligomers. However, it is a lack of studies to approach the starting structural features (dimerization) in Aβ nucleation processes with and without Zn2+, which is the key point in understanding Zn2+-induced nucleation mechanisms. To better understand the effect of concentration, structural properties, and the driving force, 14 independent replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations were performed in Aβ28 dimerization with and without Zn2+ (zAβ28) cooperation. Our scanning results show that the aggregation propensity is easier in Aβ28-Aβ28 and Aβ28-zAβ28 systems than zAβ28-zAβ28 system. In binding property, the Aβ28-Aβ28 model (−61.5 kcal mol−1) is stronger than zAβ28-zAβ28 (−26.6 kcal mol−1) and Aβ28-zAβ28 (−7.24 kcal mol−1) models. Further analysis confirmed that H13 and H14 residues play specific roles in the three systems. The key point is the orientation of N atom of the imidazole ring in histidine residues. Furthermore, we discovered different driving forces for each system. Our current study contributes to the understanding of how the Aβ28 dimer interacts with Zn2+, which could lead to new insights into Zn2+-induced nucleation mechanisms. 相似文献
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The misfolding and aggregation of polypeptide chains into β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils is associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Growing evidence indicates that the oligomeric intermediates populated in the early stages of amyloid formation rather than the mature fibrils are responsible for the cytotoxicity and pathology and are potentially therapeutic targets. However, due to the low-populated, transient, and heterogeneous nature of amyloid oligomers, they are hard to characterize by conventional bulk methods. The development of single molecule approaches provides a powerful toolkit for investigating these oligomeric intermediates as well as the complex process of amyloid aggregation at molecular resolution. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in characterizing the oligomerization of amyloid proteins by single molecule fluorescence techniques, including single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), single-molecule photobleaching and super-resolution optical imaging. We discuss how these techniques have been applied to investigate the different aspects of amyloid oligomers and facilitate understanding of the mechanism of amyloid aggregation. 相似文献
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聚萘二胺的合成及其对重金属离子的高效反应吸附 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
聚萘二胺是继聚苯胺和聚吡咯之后的又一类新型导电高分子,因聚合物中含有活性 的自由胺基和亚胺基而具有新的多功能性.作者根据近期研究工作和国外最新文献,系统论述了聚1,8-、1,5-、2,3-萘二胺的化学氧化合成和电化学氧化合成及其对重金属离子的络合和还原吸附功能,详细比较了两种聚合方法的特点. 指出通过萘二胺的电化学氧化聚合可以方便地获得对重金属离子如Ag+、Pb2+、Hg2+、Cu2+、VO2+敏感的修饰电极,而通过化学 氧化聚合可以高产率地获得对Ag+具有极大的还原吸附容量的聚合物颗粒.聚萘二胺在痕量 金属离子的分析与探测、工业废水中贵金属离子的回收和重金属离子的清除等领域展现了广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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Sepia Nakayama Tomoya Kojima Mari Kaburagi Takanori Kikuchi Prof. Kouichi Asakura Dr. Taisuke Banno 《ChemSystemsChem》2022,4(2):e202100035
The movement of supramolecular self-assemblies has been induced by the application of external stimuli that cause a shift to non-equilibrium conditions. However, few supramolecular chemical systems exist in which multiple different functions are associated with movement. Herein, we observed multiple phase transition of micrometer-sized lauronitrile oil droplets in a solution of cationic surfactants with aniline skeletons in the presence of metal ions. These dynamics include tactic motion and subsequent formation of aggregates with membrane structures, in a linear-type channel. These dynamic behaviors result from variations in the interfacial tension at the droplet surface and the chemical compositions owing to the interactions between system components. The current findings may provide a methodology for designing molecular systems in which multi-step phase transitions of supramolecular self-assemblies are coupled to movement in non-equilibrium conditions. 相似文献