高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中的致癌芳香胺

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC/MS/MS)测定纺织品中致癌芳香胺的检测方法.纺织品中的偶氮染料在柠檬酸缓冲液中用连二亚硫酸钠还原为芳香胺,用硅藻土提取还原液中的芳香胺,用乙醚洗脱,浓缩至近干后用甲醇定容.使用液相色谱-串联质谱进行测定,色谱柱为XTerra MS C18柱,流动相为甲醇和0.025 mol/L乙...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大豆与玉米中的苯甲酰脲类农药残留

建立了大豆和玉米中苯甲酰脲类农药的反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESIMS/MS)检测方法。样品经含0.1%乙酸的乙腈提取、浓缩,阳离子固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定。9种苯甲酰脲类农药在5.0～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r20.995)。在大豆和玉米基质中的检出限均为3.0μg/kg,定量下限均为10.0μg/kg。在10.0、20.0、50.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,9种苯甲酰脲类农药的回收率为46%～92%,精密度(RSD)小于14%。方法准确、灵敏、简单,适用于大豆和玉米中9种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的同时测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中胺苯吡菌酮残留量

建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法分析蔬菜和水果中胺苯吡菌酮残留量。用乙腈提取样品中残留的胺苯吡菌酮,提取液经十八烷基硅胶键合相(C18)和乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)混合净化剂净化,使用UPLC-MS/MS电喷雾离子化、正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,胺苯吡菌酮在0.05～10μg/L范围线性关系良好,相关系数不低于0.9993。在0.1～2000μg/kg范围内,对黄瓜、菠菜、苹果、葡萄和洋葱样品进行添加回收率实验,平均回收率为81.2%～104.3%,相对标准偏差为2.2%～16%,方法的定量限为55 ng/kg,检出限为5.5 ng/kg。本研究建立的方法能对蔬果中胺苯吡菌酮残留量进行准确的定性和定量分析。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂的残留量

建立了蔬菜、水果中啶酰菌胺、氟啶酰菌胺、环氟菌胺、嘧菌胺、双炔酰菌胺和硅噻菌胺6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测方法。试样经乙腈提取、Florisil固相萃取柱净化、以乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱、结合新型核壳型填料色谱柱(Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈)分离,采用电喷雾正离子扫描、多反应监测模式质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明:固相萃取结合新型色谱柱分离解决了酰胺类农药分析中基质效应强的难点问题。6种杀菌剂在0.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9990;对7种蔬菜及3种水果进行0.5、5和50 μg/kg 3个加标水平的回收试验,回收率为65%~124%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为1%~18%; 6种杀菌剂的方法检出限(S/N≥3)为0.10~0.17 μg/kg。该净化、分离模式显著降低了蔬菜、水果中6种新型酰胺类农药的基质效应,方法简单准确,可满足蔬菜和水果中啶酰菌胺等6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留检测的要求。     

基质固相分散-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蔬菜中残留的苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂

建立了基质固相分散技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂(除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲、氟铃脲)和双酰肼类杀虫剂(甲氧虫酰肼、虫酰肼)的方法。蔬菜样品经中性氧化铝和石墨化炭黑研磨,乙酸乙酯淋洗,洗脱液浓缩定容后,经超高效液相色谱分离,分别在正、负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下用电喷雾电离串联质谱测定,外标法定量。结果表明,9种杀虫剂在1～100 μg/L质量浓度范围内有良好的线性关系(R2≥0.99);在1、5、10、100 μg/kg 4个加标水平上的回收率为78.5%～112.8%;相对标准偏差为2.3%～10.2%,检出限为0.5～1.0 μg/kg。该方法操作简便快速,样品和溶剂用量少,检出限低,可满足蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂同时检测的要求。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定果蔬中6种酰胺类农药残留量

建立了同时测定果蔬中6种酰胺类农药的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)方法。样品经乙腈高速匀浆提取、Florisil固相萃取柱净化,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定6种农药。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正负双离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式。结果表明:6种农药在0.0005~1.00 mg/L范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999;在0.01、0.1和1.0 mg/kg(氟苯虫酰胺为0.001、0.01和0.1 mg/kg) 3个浓度添加水平下的平均回收率为72.4%~119.4%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于15%;定量限为0.01 mg/kg(溴氰虫酰胺、双炔酰菌胺、啶酰菌胺、氟吡菌胺和噻呋酰胺)和0.001 mg/kg(氟苯虫酰胺)。该方法简单、快速、重现性好、灵敏度高,可满足果蔬中6种酰胺类农药残留检测的要求。     

玉米中9种磺酰脲类除草剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定

采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS),在多反应监测(MRM )模式下建立了玉米中9种磺酰脲类除草剂残留的定性定量分析方法.样品浸泡后采用甲醇-丙酮(体积比1:1)提取、浓缩,经C18固相萃取柱净化处理.采用UPLC-ESI MS/MS方法测定,外标法定量.9种磺酰脲类除草剂在0.05～2.0 mg...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中的矮壮素与缩节胺残留

建立了食品中矮壮素和缩节胺2种植物生长调节剂的高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱(HPLC-ESI MS/MS)分析方法.样品经甲醇-水(1:1,体积比)提取后,采用Strata-X-C萃取小柱净化,再经Agilent ZORBAX RX-SIL(1.8μm,3.0 mm×100 mm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈和10 mmol...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物组织中阿莫西林与多占菌素E的残留量

建立了动物源性食品中阿莫西林和多粘菌素E残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱( UPLC - MS/MS)分析方法.组织样品经三氯乙酸溶液提取,同时用乙酸铅沉淀蛋白,经正己烷除脂后,再用HLB固相萃取柱净化,浓缩后用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测,以基质匹配标准溶液定量.结果表明,阿莫西林和多粘菌素E的检出限( LOD,...     

水稻和土壤中呋虫胺残留的固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法

建立了呋虫胺在水稻(糙米、稻壳和稻草3种基质)和土壤中残留的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI MS/MS)检测方法。各基质经乙腈提取,PSA柱净化后,以Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾电离串联质谱正离子多重反应监测(MRM)模式进行测定。在不同加标水平下,对呋虫胺在4种不同基质中的回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)进行测定。结果表明,呋虫胺在糙米中的回收率为73.8%~97.2%,RSD为3.1%~9.9%;在稻壳中的回收率为77.6%~80.3%,RSD为2.5%~5.8%;在稻草中的回收率为76.0%~94.0%,RSD为4.8%~8.8%;在土壤中的回收率为83.6%~93.3%,RSD为4.6%~6.4%。该方法具有样品前处理简单、快速、分析时间短的特点,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留检测要求。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。