利用液晶—常规固定液柱串联法分离氯代苯甲酸异构体

间位(m-)氯代苯甲酸是某些化学工业的重要原料,但往往含有对位(p-)和邻位(o-)异构体。由于p、m异构体的极性差别较小且沸点接近,用常规固定液,气相色谱法不能分离氯代苯甲酸甲酯异构体。据文献报道,用适于分离位置异构体的液晶作固定液,只能分离p、m异构体,而不能分离p、o     

3,4-二氫化雜二氮[1,3]萘-酮-[4]Ⅰ.3-(ω)-二烷氨基-烷基)-3,4-二氫化雜二氮[1,3]萘-酮-[4]的合成

隣氨基苯甲酸与N-(β-二乙氨基-乙基)-甲酰胺或N-(δ-二乙氨基-α-甲基-正丁基)甲酰胺缩合,分别形成3-(β-二乙氨基-乙基)3,4-二氢化杂二氮[1,3]萘-酮-[4]与3-(δ-二乙氨基-α-甲基-正丁基)3,4-二氢化杂二氮[1,3]萘-酮-[4]。 5-氯代-隣位氨基苯甲酸舆N-(β-二乙氨基-乙基)-甲酰胺或N-(δ-二乙氨基-α-甲基-正丁基)-甲酰胺缩合,分别形成6-氯代-3-β-二乙氨基-乙基-3,4-二氢化杂二氮[1,3]-萘酮-[4]及6-氯代-3-(δ-二乙氨基-α-甲基-正丁基)-3,4-二氢化杂二氮[1,3]萘酮-[4]。     

[Co(2,3-tri)(amp)Cl]^2^+几何经式异构体取代与重排规律、构效关系的研究

对[Co(2,3-tri)(amp)Cl]^2^+四个几何经式异构体在不同条件下的取代及重排反应进行了详细的考察。因二元胺中吡啶环造成的空间拥塞,使cis异构体碱水解速度比trans异构体约快100倍,控制碱水解实验结果表明,每一异构体的水解产物均含四个经式异构体,且具有相同分布。实验过程中未观察到面式异构体。在二甲亚砜中加热的重排反应中,异构体m1表现出最高的反应性,cis异构体均首先转化为trans异构体m3,而后可观察到trans异构体m3与m4的平衡。利用时间分辨核磁共振仪测定了氘代水里各异构体中各活性氢的氘代化速度。反应活性最低的异构体m4具有氘代速度最快的活性氢,当这些活性氢完全氘代化时仍未见其水解或重排产物;而相同实验条件下异构体m1或m2中相应活性氢的氘代化速度则要缓慢得多,但同时可观察到水解和重排产物。这说明在碱催化水解过程中氘代速度快的活性氢与异构体的反应性并非正比关系,然而活性氢的氘代化是观察到异构体水解重排的必要条件。利用量子化学从头计算法在赝势基组RHF/LANL2DZ的水平上对该体系各异构体进行了结构优化计算,与对应异构体的晶体结构参数比较,一般相对误差不超过3%,从能量角度来看,cis异构体比trans异构体高出约4kJ/mol,而面式异构体则至少比经式异构体高约17kJ/mol;考虑溶剂化影响,一般约低5kJ/mol。考察结构参数结果显示,结构变形性参数能较好地解释异构体反应活性。     

[Co(2,3-tri)(amp)Cl]~(2+)几何经式异构体取代与重排规律、构效关系的研究

对[Co（2,3-tri）（amp）Cl]2+四个几何经式异构体在不同条件下的取代及重排反应进行了详细的考察.因二元胺中吡啶环造成的空间拥塞,使cis异构体碱水解速度比trans异构体约快100倍,控制碱水解实验结果表明,每一异构体的水解产物均含四个经式异构体,且具有相同分布.实验过程中未观察到面式异构体.在二甲亚砜中加热的重排反应中,异构体m1表现出最高的反应性,cis异构体均首先转化为trans异构体m3,而后可观察到trans异构体m3与m4的平衡.利用时间分辨核磁共振仪测定了在氘代水里各异构体中各活性氢的氘代化速度.反应活性最低的异构体m4具有氘代速度最快的活性氢,当这些活性氢完全氘代化时仍未见其水解或重排产物;而相同实验条件下异构体m1或m2中相应活性氢的氘代化速度则要缓慢得多,但同时可观察到水解和重排产物.这说明在碱催化水解过程中氘代速度快的活性氢与异构体的反应性并非正比关系,然而活性氢的氘代化是观察到异构体水解重排的必要条件.利用量子化学从头计算法,在赝势基组RHF/LANL2DZ的水平上对该体系各异构体进行了结构优化计算,与对应异构体的晶体结构参数比较,一般相对误差不超过3％.从能量角度来看,cis异构体比trans异构体高出约4kJ/mol,而面式异构体则至少比经式异构体高约17kJ/mol;考虑溶剂化     

绝色谱法快速测定食品中苯甲酸（钠）和山梨酸（钾）

许多食品中常需加入一定量的苯甲酸 (钠 )或山梨酸 (钾 )作为防腐剂 ,但此类防腐剂的过量加入 ,会对人体产生危害[1] ,,对苯甲酸 (钠 )和山梨酸 (钾 )的测定方法有薄层色谱法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、紫外分光光度法、酸碱滴定法及硫代巴比妥酸比色法等[2 ] 。本文根据混合物的各成分性质和结构上的不同 ,在滤纸上固定相和流动相间产生的吸附作用不同[3] ,这种物理化学现象的差异 ,用纸色谱法对食品中苯甲酸 (钠 )和山梨酸 (钾 )进行了测定。1　试验部分1.1　试剂苯甲酸 (钠 )、山梨酸 (钾 )、苯甲酸 (钠 )和山梨酸(钾 )混合标准溶液 …     

FeCl3催化作用下醇的氯代反应研究

氯代反应是将含氧基团化合物转化为氯代化合物的一种重要的反应方法。一般使用HCl,SOCl2/HMPT,PCl3,PPh3/CCl4,Vilsmeier-Haack试剂,Viehe盐等作为氯代试剂对醇类化合物的羟基进行氯代反应[1-5]。然而,在反应中因为氯化氢的产生,使该反应方法发生一些副反应,影响产物提纯和收率     

2-氨基-4-甲氧基氯代苯甲酸的合成研究

以2-氨基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,通过氯代反应,再分别通过酯水解反应得到化合物2-氨基-5-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸和2-氨基-3-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸。其中间体及产物结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和ESI-MS确证,并考察了最佳氯代反应条件。结果表明:物料配比为n(2-氨基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯)∶n(NCS)=1∶1. 2,反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,反应时间为16 h,两种氯代产物2-氨基-5-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯和2-氨基-3-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯收率分别为47%和39%。     

反-4-(反-4′-丙基环己基)环己基甲酸的新合成方法

环己烷类液晶具有较高的相变温度和较低的粘度,克服了目前仍广泛使用的联苯类液晶相变温度低、粘度大、响应速度较慢的缺点,这类液晶材料已日益成为中高档混合液晶材料不可缺少的有效组分[1]. 反-4-(反-4′-丙基环己基)环己基甲酸(trans-3HHA)是合成这类液晶材料很重要的中间体,因此,它的合成具有重要应用价值. Trans-3HHA合成需经2步反应:加氢和异构化. 加氢反应以4-(反-4′-丙基环己基)苯甲酸(3HPA)为反应物,在加氢催化剂存在下,生成包含trans-3HHA和顺-4-(反-4′-丙基环己基)环己基甲酸(cis-3HHA)2种异构体的混合物(合称3HHA). 其中反式异构体trans-3HHA含量很低,必须进行异构化反应,使cis-3HHA转变为trans-3HHA. 文献报道有几种方法,如顺式或顺反-4-烷基环己基甲酸混合物在盐酸水溶液[2]、氢化钠乙醇溶液[3]和氢氧化钠水溶液[4]中,加热进行异构化反应. 但得到的产物反式与顺式异构体质量比都在75∶ 25～85∶ 15之间,需经多次重结晶才能得到反式异构体,产率低于70%. 本文以氢氧化钾为催化剂,加氢产物3HHA在无溶剂的条件下进行异构化,产物反式与顺式异构体质量比达到98∶ 2,产率＞90%.     

反相高效液相色谱法拆分α-氯代丙酰替苯胺光学异构体

采用反相高效液相色谱法在手性柱上分离芳氧基丙酸类除草剂中间体α－氯代丙酰替苯胺的光学异构体。实验结果表明,在三苯甲酸纤维素酯（CTB）手性柱上,以无水乙醇为流动相时,能在较大程度上拆分－α－氯代丙酰替苯胺的光学异构体,其分离因子为1．52,分离度Rh为0．60。     

对—十二烷氧基二硫代苯甲酸镍（Ⅱ）配合物液晶型色谱固定？…

198 2年 Fujimura等 [1～ 3]曾报道具有液晶特性的配合物用作气相色谱固定相 ,但未引起人们的重视 ,所以至今对此几乎没有研究 .我们首次制备了对 -十二烷氧基二硫代苯甲酸镍 ( DDBN)气相色谱固定相 ,这是一种液晶型配合物固定相 ,既表现出金属离子在高温下良好的热稳定性 ,又表现出液晶配体对位置异构体的特殊选择性 ,能使最难分离的多环芳烃异构体得到满意的分离[4～ 6 ] .1　实验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂　二硫化碳和四氢呋喃在使用前重新蒸馏并干燥 ,对 -十二烷氧基溴苯在真空干燥器中于室温下干燥 4 8h.岛津 GC- 1 6A气相色谱仪 ,FID…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.