高能光源增强器束流横向尺寸测量系统设计

高能同步辐射光源的增强器将直线加速器注入的束流加速到储存环所需的能量,为储存环提供高品质的电子束。为了对增强器的束流横向截面尺寸、发射度及能散进行测量,设计了两条可见光-紫外波段的束测光束线。两条光束线分别选取无色散和色散较大的两处弯铁位置作为光源点,使用两套同步光成像系统来监测光源点的束流截面尺寸,并计算束流发射度及能散。介绍了同步光引出真空室及光学成像系统,对影响成像质量的空间分辨率进行了分析,并针对升能过程中不同能量下束流光斑变化的测量进行了设计。     

电阻环束流探测器的标定

 电阻环探测技术是一种成熟、实用的在线测试束流技术，它能给出束流的大小和束流质心的位置。在即将投入使用的20MeV直线感应加速器中，该技术将作为一种精确的束流诊断手段。为此设计了一套精密的束流模拟和电阻环标定装置，其束流位置的定位精度达到0.02mm，以之对精心设计的电阻环进行标定。标定的结果表明电阻环对束流质心位置的测试精度达到0.5mm，经标定后的束位置拟合值绝对误差不大于0.2mm。     

KB镜束流截面测量系统研制

为了对衍射极限储存环的束流横向截面尺寸及发射度进行测量,设计了一套Kirkpatrick-Baez(KB)反射镜聚焦成像系统,并在上海光源(SSRF)储存环进行预制研究。该系统主体由两面垂直放置的KB反射镜组成,分别在水平及垂直方向对弯转磁铁光源点进行成像,系统工作在硬X射线波段,聚焦光斑被闪烁体X射线相机采集。对影响系统成像质量的像差和点扩散函数进行了计算。目前,实现了对束流的实时成像,可精确测量束流横向截面尺寸为75.9 μm(水平方向)和20.2 μm(垂直方向),系统稳定性(RMS)小于0.1 μm。     

BEPCⅡ束流损失探测系统及其初步应用

束流寿命是衡量储存环性能的重要参数, 它直接影响到储存环能否正常运行. 采用束流损失探测系统通过探测束流损失的地点, 可以为分析束损原因、优化机器参数和提高束流寿命提供依据. 介绍了北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程(BEPCⅡ)束流损失探测系统的基本情况: 前端束流损失探测器输出的脉冲信号送到下位机进行处理, 通过CAN总线将所有的下位机连接到位于本地站的前端PC机, 此PC机再通过以太网与中控室的PC机或工作站进行数据通讯, 最终实现对束流损失的实时监测、数据存储, 并能对历史数据进行处理, 达到实时显示全环束损分布的目的. 文章最后还简要介绍了整个系统在BEPCⅡ调束过程中的初步应用.     

加速器驱动次临界系统注入器Ⅰ束测系统（英）

加速器驱动次临界系统注入器Ⅰ,包括ECR离子源、低能传输线、射频四极加速单元、中能传输段和超导腔,注入器Ⅰ出口能够获得能量10 MeV的强流质子束流。为了调束和运行的需要,注入器Ⅰ将安装束流位置测量、束流截面测量、束流流强测量、束流发射度和能量测量,以及束流损失测量等束流参数测量装置。介绍了这些束流测量系统设计及其他方面的一些考虑。     

升级的合肥光源闭轨测量系统及其应用

 描述了合肥同步辐射光源二期工程中，电子储存环升级的闭轨测量系统及其在设备研制中的应用。介绍了性能稳定可靠的Bergoz束流位置监测电子学信号处理器。升级后的闭轨测量系统中处理电子学电路的束流位置分辨率可达1μm，系统误差小于10μm。整个测试系统的分辨率小于3μm。利用该高精度闭轨测量系统和基于束流准直系统完成了束流准直四极铁磁中心的测量，并和控制系统完成了储存环全环闭轨反馈校正试验。一个完整的束流位置监测系统已投入了在线运行，保障了为用户提供高稳定高品质的光源。     

同步光干涉方法对BEPCⅡ储存环束流的测量北大核心CSCD

利用同步光的可见光波段空间干涉方法,对北京正负电子对撞机储存环的束流横向截面垂直尺寸进行了测量。在同步模式下,测得束流横向截面垂直尺寸为155μm,测量结果与理论值符合得很好。此方法避免了同步光衍射带来的测量误差,并使结果更精确,且对其它非相干小尺寸光源也同样适用。     

同步光干涉方法对BEPCⅡ储存环束流的测量

 利用同步光的可见光波段空间干涉方法,对北京正负电子对撞机储存环的束流横向截面垂直尺寸进行了测量。在同步模式下,测得束流横向截面垂直尺寸为155 μm,测量结果与理论值符合得很好。此方法避免了同步光衍射带来的测量误差,并使结果更精确,且对其它非相干小尺寸光源也同样适用。     

具有广泛应用前景的液滴束流技术

阐述了液滴束流形成的机理，描述了液滴束流发生器的结构。在适当的扰动作用下，可以得规律的液滴束流，液滴束流技术已应用于计算机的喷墨输出，高速细胞分类器等，并具有广泛的应用前景。各种应用对液滴束流的性能提出了要求，介绍了测量液滴束流性能的方法及目前达到的水平。     

中国散裂中子源加速器束流引出调试和束损优化

引出系统是中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器的核心组成部分，对束流精确打靶和加速器稳定运行具有重要意义。首先，详细介绍了快循环同步加速器的引出系统和束流引出方案，重点介绍了一些引出系统相关的关键技术。其次，对引出束流调试进行深入研究，包括纵向束流调试、横向束流调试、引出束流分布优化等，其中纵向束流调试主要针对8个引出Kicker定时进行精确标定，横向束流调试主要指Lambertson型磁铁、8个Kicker磁铁、高能输运线模式的匹配设置。最后，对引出束流束损进行深入研究和针对性优化，探索引出束流损失的各种来源，对Lambertson型磁铁漏场、引出束团长度、Kicker波形平顶、Kicker波形变化进行深入研究并对一些新的测量方法进行详细论述。同时，对Lambertson型磁铁入口产生超大辐射热点的现象进行深入研究，寻找其产生大量束流损失的根源，并提出最终解决方案，降低引出束流损失和辐射剂量，使其满足加速器运行要求。     

合肥光源基于束流准直系统的控制软件设计

束流位置监测器(BPM)和与其相邻的四极铁之间的电偏移对于电子储存环轨道校正十分重 要。改变四极铁的强度,并通过测量轨道变化就能够计算出该四极铁的磁中心相对于相邻的BPM的电中心 之间的偏差。基于NSRL储存环的BBA硬件系统和EPICS控制系统,采用Labview平台开发出了BBA测量 的软件控制程序。由计算机控制四极铁的强度,连续测量后拟合得到四极铁的磁中心与相邻BPM的相对偏 差,测量精度可以达到100μm。     

基于图像处理技术的束流剖面监视系统

 介绍了在兰州重离子加速器上利用荧光靶图像获取装置测量并计算束流剖面参数的方法，并建立了图像获取、处理、束流参数计算的实时测量软件系统。该系统具有可靠性好、测量直观、界面友好等优点。     

Design of optical system for flattop beam shaper based on the measurement of laser induced damage threshold of thin films

To solve the problem of large error when measure the laser induced damage threshold of thin films in the case of Gaussian distribution beam induced damage thin films, optical system of flattop beam shaper which is capable of redistributing a beam with a Gaussian profile to a flattop profile was designed with optical design software ZEMAX. The Fermi-Dirac beam model was chosen as the distribution function of the flattop beam in this paper, the mapping formula of the input Gaussian beam and the output flattop beam was establish, the surface coefficient of aspheric was given. The energy conversion efficiency was 95.33% and the flattened degree was 93.66% in this design. The accuracy of measurement has been improved when measure the laser induced damage threshold of thin films by the flattop beam.     

Beam diagnostic developments at the cooler synchrotron COSY-Jülich

New developments of beam diagnostic devices and methods at the cooler synchrotron and storage ring COSY at the Forschungszentrum Jülich are described. A Schottky-pickup was tested and installed. The new pickup consists of four diagonally arranged plates which can be combined by means of relays to measure either in the horizontal or in the vertical plane. A new method for resonant tuning of the Schottky-pickup for transversal measurements was realized. A tune meter was developed for real-time tune measurements in the acceleration ramp and is used as routine diagnostic tool. Based on the developed bunch synchronous tracking generator an on-line phase space measurement was realized. For beam profile measurements a residual-gas ionization beam profile monitor was installed in the COSY-ring and tested. To measure the beam quality in case of fast and slow extraction a universal spill detector was developed and tested in the extraction beam line.     

Flat-top beam profile generated using a fiber-bundle prism-coupled beam shaper

In this paper, an optical beam shaping system is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The optical system design software ZEMAX is used to simulate and analyze the reported beam shaping design. By using this software ray tracing diagrams are presented with the aim of studying the direct beam propagation, total reflection rays, and the lost rays. The prism duct output beam shape and radiance profiles in both position space and angle space are also studied. For experimental investigation, a two-stage beam shaping design including a fiber-bundle and a prism duct is used. A source light is used for the fiber-bundle illumination and the photograph image of the output beam is taken by a digital camera. The fiber-bundle output beam cross section is a rectangular shape with a dimension of 25.65 mm width and 2.44 mm height. In another experiment, the prism output beam is captured by a CCD camera. The prism output beam shape depends on the prism exit face, which is a rectangle (4.15 mm × 3.55 mm) for this case. The image date of the prism output beam is converted to a response curve, which is approximately a flat-top profile. The experimental image profiles are compared with the simulated image profiles and there is a good agreement between the observed results.     

准分子激光的光束波面测量技术

 准分子激光在激光光刻和微细加工中有广泛的应用，要求激光具有好的稳定性和光束波面均匀性。介绍了准分子激光的波面特性以及波面分析测量技术。用波面分析仪对XeCl和ArF激光特性进行全面的测量和评估，给出了主要参数的测量结果，重点分析了光束均匀性。     

Incoherent combination of fiber lasers using a collimating and focusing optical system in fiber-based laser fusion

The incoherent combination of fiber laser beams using a collimating and focusing optical system in fiber-based laser fusion is theoretically and numerically studied. The propagation of the fiber lasers passing through the optical system is analyzed by the ABCD law. The super-Gaussian fitting is performed to study the synthetic intensity profile near the focal spot quantitatively. The intensity profile of the combination beam is dependant on the defocusing distance, the number of the fibers, the separation of the fibers, and the beam expansion ratio of the collimating system.     

Longitudinal momentum mining of beam particles in a storage ring

I describe a scheme for selectively isolating high density low longitudinal emittance beam particles in a storage ring from the rest of the beam without emittance dilution. I discuss the general principle of the method, called longitudinal momentum mining, beam dynamics simulations and results of beam experiments. Multi-particle beam dynamics simulations applied to the Fermilab 8 GeV Recycler (a storage ring) convincingly validate the concepts and feasibility of the method, which I have demonstrated with beam experiments in the Recycler. The method presented here is the first of its kind.     

逐圈测量系统定标和新近实验结果

 主要介绍了合肥光源储存环上，正在应用和改进中的逐圈测量系统的定标和灵敏度；比较和分析了利用该系统获得的储存环200MeV 和 800MeV damping时间测量结果；在环注入调试中发现了束流积累限制的原因。它不仅可测到储存环的damping时间、beta振荡幅度和工作点瞬时变化，而且是研究抑制环的束流不稳定性和提高注入积累效率的重要测量手段。系统使用对数比电路完成位置信号处理，具有宽的动态范围和带宽以及好的线性度和稳定的运行性能，而且造价低廉，易实现。     

射频离子源束流特性分析

介绍了为HL-2A 装置设计的引出束功率为1MW 的射频离子源研制情况。目前,在测试平台上,该离子源已经成功引出了束能量和束电流分别为35keV 和12.4A、束质子比为79%、脉宽为100ms 的氢离子束,达到了其设计束功率的44%。用红外热成像的方法测量了离子束能量密度分布。结果表明,在距离引出系统地电极 1.3m 处,束密度分布遵循高斯分布。引出束的最佳导流系数为1.689×10^–6A•V^-3/2 左右,随射频功率改变有较小的变化。根据这些实验结果,采取了相关改进措施来改善离子源的引出束性能。