The duality theorem of linear programming: an intuitive approach

The duality theorem of linear programming is shown to be geometrically and algebraically intuitive when the vertex at which the optimal occurs is simple, i.e. the number of independent hyperplanes intersecting there is exactly the dimension of the space. The result is then extended to the general case using the order properties of the reals. Only the proof may be new.     

A proof of the montague-plemmons-schein theorem on maximal subgroups of the semigroup of binary relations

The theorem in question is that the group of automorphisms of a partially ordered set (X,π), π denoting the order relation on the set X, is isomorphic to the maximal subgroup of ℬ_x containing π, where ℬ_x is the semigroup of all binary relations on X. This theorem is due to Montague and Plemmons [1] for the case X finite or countably infinite, and was extended by Schein to the general case, using a theorem due to Zaretsky [4]. A proof of the general case, based on [1] and results due to Plemmons and West [3], is also given in the preceding note by Plemmons and Schein [2]. The purpose of this note is to give an entirely self-contained proof of this intersesting theorem.     

Quantum resurgence for a class of Airy type differential equations

In this article, we investigate the resurgent properties of divergent WKB solutions of a class of Airy type perturbed differential equations. In particular, we extend and propose a new proof of a reduction theorem, due to Aoki et al. [T. Aoki, T. Kawai, Y. Takei, The Bender-Wu analysis and the Voros theory, in: Special Functions, ICM-90 Satell. Conf. Proc., Okayama, 1990, Springer, Tokyo, 1991, pp. 1-29], near a simple turning point, in the framework of exact WKB analysis. Our scheme of proof is based on a Laplace-integral representation derived from an existence theorem of holomorphic solutions for a singular linear partial differential equation.     

反对称自变量线性各向同性张量函数表示定理

本文给出了反对称自变量线性各向同性张量函数表示定理的两个证明:一个证明是新的;另一个基本上沿用[1]的思路,但较简短,且纠正了[1]的一个错误.     

Semilattice decompositions of semigroups

The purpose of this paper is to develop a general theory of semilattice decompositions of semigroups from the point of view of obtaining theorems of the type: A semigroup S has propertyD if and only if S is a semilattice of semigroups having property β. As such we are able to extend the theories of Clifford [3], Andersen [1], Croisot [5], Tamura and Kimura [14], Petrich [9], Chrislock [2], Tamura and Shafer [15], Iyengar [7] and Weissglass and the author [10]. The root of our whole theory is Tamura's semilattice decomposition theorem [12, 13]. Of this, we give a new proof. The results of this paper were obtained by the author between January and July of 1971, while an undergraduate at the University of California, Santa Barbara.     

Orderings of higher level on noetherian rings

The noncommutative algebraic geometry has found fruitful applications in quantum geometry. Similar applications are expected to be found for its younger sister the noncommutative real algebraic geometry

One of the basic results in real algebraic geometry is the Positivestellensatz. The original results of Dubois and Risler (see section 3.3 of [13]) have been extended in many directions. We refer to [14], [1], [2], [3] for commutative rings and [9], [4] for associative rings. The aim of this paper is to prove the higher level Posit ivstellensatz for noncommutative Noetherian rings. Our proof depends on the intersection theorem for orderings of higher level on skew fields ([11], Theorem 3.13). The general case of orderings of higher level on associative rings remains open.     

Universally measure-preserving homeomorphisms of cantor minimal systems

In 1995, T. Giordano, I. Putnam, and C. Skau [GPS] made a significant breakthrough in Cantor minimal system theory. They completely classified Cantor minimal systems in the sense of topological orbit equivalence by using C*-algebra and homological algebra techniques. Since then, a dynamical proof of their theorem has been conjectured. Such a proof is presented in this paper. We establish orbit equivalence theory based on a finite coordinate change relation arising from an ordered Bratteli diagram, which is known from [HK] in the finitary case of ergodic probability measure-preserving transformations. We obtain the Orbital Extension Theorem. This theorem is considered a topological version of the Copying Lemma of Y. Katznelson and B. Weiss [KW], which has played an important role in measured orbit equivalence theory.     

Decomposition theorems

The countable-decomposition theorem for linear functionals has become a useful tool in the theory of representing measures (see [4–7]). The original proof of this theorem was based on a rather involved study of extreme points in the state space of a convex cone. Recently M. Neumann [9] gave an independent proof using a refined form of Simons convergence lemma and Choquet's theorem. In this paper a (relatively) short proof of an extension (to a more abstract situation) of the countable-decomposition theorem is given. Furthermore a decomposition criterion is obtained which even works in the case when not all states are decomposable. All the work is based on a complete characterization of those states which are partially decomposable with respect to a given sequence of sublinear functionals.     

Existence of solution of the logarithmic diffusion equation with bounded above Gauss curvature

We give a simple proof of an extension of the existence results of Ricci flow of Giesen and Topping (2010, 2011) [15], [20], on incomplete surfaces with bounded above Gauss curvature without using the difficult Shi’s existence theorem of Ricci flow on complete non-compact surfaces and the pseudolocality theorem of Perelman [7] on Ricci flow. We will also give a simple proof of a special case of the existence theorem of Topping (2010) [16] without using the existence theorem of Shi (1989) [9].     

Zariski density in lie groups

In [7] Furstenberg gave a proof of Borel’s density theorem [1], which depended not on complete reducibility but rather on properties of the action of a minimally almost periodic group on projective space. In [9] and [10] the basic idea of this proof was extended in various ways to deal with other particular classes of Lie groupsG and closed subgroupsH of cofinite volume. In [5] Dani gives a more general form of the density theorem in whichH need only be non-wandering. In the present paper we define the condition ofk-minimal quasiboundedness, and prove that this condition is necessary and sufficient for the density theorem to hold ((2.4) and (2.6)). Here we replace the arguments of [9] and [10] simply by proofs that the groups considered there satisfy this condition (2.10). We extend the results of [9] and [10] by considering groups which are analytic rather than algebraic, and in the solvable case we completely characterize thek-minimally quasibounded groups (2.9). In the last section we give two applications of the density theorem.     

On Kaufmanʼs theorem

Kaufman?s theorem (Kaufman, 1978 [9]) on representing closed linear operators as quotients of bounded operators is given a new constructive proof, and is extended to operators between two Hilbert spaces. Two different definitions of operator quotients existing in the literature are compared.     

On common linear copositive Lyapunov functions for pairs of stable positive linear systems

We study the common linear copositive Lyapunov functions of positive linear systems. Firstly, we present a theorem on pairs of second order positive linear systems, and give another proof of this theorem by means of properties of geometry. Based on the process of the proof, we extended the results to a finite number of second order positive linear systems. Then we extend this result to third order systems. Finally, for higher order systems, we give some results on common linear copositive Lyapunov functions.     

Proof of a theorem of Lusin

In [1, 2], Lusin published a theorem (with proof) asserting that a very simple set constructed by him is not Borel. Lunina [3] discovered an error in Lusin's proof. It is proved that Lusin's theorem is nonetheless valid.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 61–66, January, 1978.The author is grateful to V. A. Uspenskii for his interest in this work and to M. A. Lunina for valuable remarks.     

Some remarks on Arslan’s 2011 paper

It is shown that the main theorem of Arslan’s paper (Theorem 2, 2011), as stated, is incorrect. Under additional conditions, we present a short proof of the corrected version of the theorem. We also give a proof of a theorem of Rao and Shanbhag (1991) [2], employed by Arslan, without the use of the Kolmogorov Consistency Theorem.     

Fixed points and stability in linear neutral differential equations with variable delays

In this paper we consider the asymptotic stability of a generalized linear neutral differential equation with variable delays by using the fixed point theory. An asymptotic stability theorem with a necessary and sufficient condition is proved, which improves and generalizes some results due to Burton (2003) [3], Zhang (2005) [14], Raffoul (2004) [13], and Jin and Luo (2008) [12]. Two examples are also given to illustrate our results.     

An analogue of the rauch variational formula for prym differentials

In [5], H. E. Rauch discovered a formula for the first variation of an abelian differential on a Riemann surface and its periods with respect to the change of complex structure induced by a Beltrami differential. R. S. Hamilton, in [3], and discussed by C. Earle in [1], found an elegant proof of the formula using only first principles and not requiring uniformization theory. His proof uses a small amount of Hodge theory, the Riemann bilinear period relations, and a simple operator construction. In this article, we find an analogue of Rauch’s formula for the Prym differentials using some of Hamilton’s techniques, the Hodge theorem for vector bundles, and the “Prym version” of the Riemann bilinear relations. We discover a complicated set of formulas for the variation of the Prym differentials, with different specific solutions depending to the make-up of the Prym character. We conclude that the variation of the Prym periods with a given character depends on the differentials for the character and the differentials for its inverse. This explains the simplicity of the classical case, where the character is its inverse.     

Sufficiency and completeness in the linear model

This paper provides further contributions to the theory of linear sufficiency and linear completeness. The notion of linear sufficiency was introduced by [2], Ann. Statist. 9, 913–916) and Drygas (in press, Sankhya) with respect to the linear model Ey = Xβ, var y = V. In addition to correcting an inadequate proof of [8], the relationship to an earlier definition and to the theory of linear prediction is also demonstrated. Moreover, the notion is extended to the model Ey = Xβ, var y = δ²V. Its connection with sufficiency under normality is investigated. An example illustrates the results.     

Rigidity of Geometrically Finite Hyperbolic Cone-Manifolds

In a recent paper Hodgson and Kerckhoff prove a local rigidity theorem for finite volume, three-dimensional hyperbolic cone-manifolds. In this paper we extend this result to geometrically finite cone-manifolds. Our methods also give a new proof of a local version of the classical rigidity theorem for geometrically finite hyperbolic 3-manifolds.     

From weak to strong convergence inL 1-spaces viaK-Convergence

Summary A generalized version of Komlós' theorem [6], combined with a useful property of denting points in the style of [17,22], gives a new, very efficient proof of Visintin's theorem and its generalizations [24,2,10,21,7], on equivalence of weak and strong convergence in L₁-space under denting point conditions.