Information Geometry in Roegenian Economics

We characterise the geometry of the statistical Roegenian manifold that arises from the equilibrium distribution of an income of noninteracting identical economic actors. The main results for ideal income are included in three subsections: partition function in distribution, scalar curvature, and geodesics. Although this system displays no phase transition, its analysis provides an enlightening contrast with the results of Van der Waals Income in Roegenian Economics, where we shall examine the geometry of the economic Van der Waals income, which does exhibit a “monetary policy as liquidity—income” transition. Here we focus on three subsections: canonical partition function, economic limit, and information geometry of the economic Van der Waals manifold.     

范德瓦尔斯气体的卡诺循环效率

以范德瓦尔斯气体为工作物质推导出的卡诺循环效率,只与热源的温度有关,与工作物质是否是理想气体无关.     

Econophysics and the Entropic Foundations of Economics

This paper examines relations between econophysics and the law of entropy as foundations of economic phenomena. Ontological entropy, where actual thermodynamic processes are involved in the flow of energy from the Sun through the biosphere and economy, is distinguished from metaphorical entropy, where similar mathematics used for modeling entropy is employed to model economic phenomena. Areas considered include general equilibrium theory, growth theory, business cycles, ecological economics, urban–regional economics, income and wealth distribution, and financial market dynamics. The power-law distributions studied by econophysicists can reflect anti-entropic forces is emphasized to show how entropic and anti-entropic forces can interact to drive economic dynamics, such as in the interaction between business cycles, financial markets, and income distributions.     

斯特林循环的理想和实际效率的讨论

套用大学物理热循环效率的计算公式于理想斯特林热机时,会出现原理上的差错,这是由斯特林热机的特殊设计造成.本文首先从热机效率的基本公式出发,阐述斯特林热机的工作原理,从中看到斯特林热机独特的设计原理使其效率的计算不同于基本公式的原因;其次给出实际斯特林热机工作时热损耗的来源分析;最后结合有关论文的结论,给出工质为范德瓦耳斯气体时的效率与体积比的关联.     

Improvement of Bobrovsky–Mayor–Wolf–Zakai Bound

This paper presents a difference-type lower bound for the Bayes risk as a difference-type extension of the Borovkov–Sakhanenko bound. The resulting bound asymptotically improves the Bobrovsky–Mayor–Wolf–Zakai bound which is difference-type extension of the Van Trees bound. Some examples are also given.     

First-principles study of the pentacene/Cu(1 1 1) interface: Adsorption states and vacuum level shifts

We have studied the interaction of pentacene with a Cu(1 1 1) surface using density functional theory (DFT) within a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the van der Waals density functional [vdW-DF, M. Dion, H. Rydberg, E. Schröder, D.C. Langreth, B.I. Lundqvist, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 246401]. The adsorption energy is accurately predicted by vdW-DF, while the equilibrium distances between pentacene and the metal substrate (Z_C) are overestimated by both GGA and vdW-DF. The work function changes depend significantly on Z_C. The experimental work function change can be successfully reproduced by GGA if the experimentally reported adsorption geometry is used, whereas the magnitude of the work function change is underestimated if calculated adsorption geometries are applied. We examined the IDIS model [H. Vázquez, R. Qszwaldowski, P. Pou, J. Ortega, R. Pérez, F. Flores, A. Kahn, Europhys. Lett. 65 (2004) 802] to compare it with the GGA results. The interface dipoles estimated by the IDIS model fairly agree with the GGA results, provided that the adsorption distance is large. On the other hand, they tend to deviate from the GGA results as the adsorption distance becomes smaller, where back donation from the metal surface to the adsorbate occurs. Our analysis reveals that at experimentally reported metal–organic distance, back donation is significant enough to induce polarization of pentacene molecules perpendicular to the surface, which leads to a reduction of the work function. Thus, at the experimentally reported metal–organic distance, the work function change estimated by a simple IDIS model deviates from that calculated by self-consistent GGA calculations. We also found that at the experimentally reported metal–organic distance, the transferred electrons create weak chemical bonds between pentacene and the Cu(1 1 1) surface, illustrating the reactive nature of pentacene.     

Rotational spectrum of the Ar–dimethyl sulfide complex

The rotational spectra of three isotopomers of the Ar–dimethyl sulfide (DMS) complex – normal, ³⁴S, and ¹³C species – were measured in the frequency region from 3.7 up to 24.1 GHz by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The normal species yielded 43 a-type and 79 c-type transitions. No Ar tunneling splitting was observed, while many transitions were split by the internal rotation of the two methyl tops of the DMS unit. In cases where the K-type splitting was close to that due to methyl internal-rotation, several forbidden transitions were observed that followed b-type selection rules. All of the observed transition frequencies were analyzed simultaneously using a phenomenological Hamiltonian also used in previously published work describing the Ar–dimethyl ether (DME) and Ne–DME complexes. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants and the potential barrier height to methyl-top internal rotation, V₃, were determined. The rotational constants were consistent with an Ar–DMS center of mass (cm) distance of 3.796 (3) Å and a S–cm–Ar angle of 104.8 (2)°. The V₃ potential barrier obtained, 736.17 (32) cm⁻¹, was 97.8% of the DMS monomer barrier. By assuming a Lennard–Jones-type potential, the dissociation energy was estimated to be 2.4 kJ mol⁻¹, which was close to the value for Ar–DME, 2.5 kJ mol⁻¹.