Commensurability effects in superconducting Nb films with quasiperiodic pinning arrays

We study experimentally the critical depinning current I(c) versus applied magnetic field B in Nb thin films which contain 2D arrays of circular antidots placed on the nodes of quasiperiodic (QP) fivefold Penrose lattices. Close to the transition temperature T(c) we observe matching of the vortex lattice with the QP pinning array, confirming essential features in the I(c)(B) patterns as predicted by Misko et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 177007 (2005)]. We find a significant enhancement in I(c)(B) for QP pinning arrays in comparison to I(c) in samples with randomly distributed antidots or no antidots.     

Crossover between channeling and pinning at twin boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7 thin films

The critical current (Jc) of highly twinned YBa2Cu3O7 films has been measured as a function of temperature, magnetic field, and angle. For much of the parameter space we observe a strong suppression of Jc for fields in the twin boundary (TB) directions; this is quantitatively modeled as flux-cutting-mediated vortex channeling. For certain temperatures and fields a crossover occurs to a regime in which channeling is blocked and the TBs act as planar pinning centers so that TB pinning enhances the overall Jc. In this regime, intrinsic pinning along the TBs is comparable to that between the twins.     

高T_c超导体YBCO磁通钉扎的计算机模拟研究

临界电流密度Jc是影响高温超导体在强电领域应用的一个重要参数,在实际应用中,特别在外加磁场下,临界电流密度与超导材料的磁通钉扎性质密切相关.因此,磁通钉扎一直是高温超导体研究中的一个重要领域.由于高温超导体磁通钉扎力密度Fp的标度律存在,本文根据D.Dew-Hughes总结的钉扎力函数,主要存在两种主要作用类型(正常相和△K).我们将D.Dew-HugBes给出的钉扎力密度Fp标度函数改进为一个简化的具有物理意义的函数表达式.结合文献中已有的实验数据,我们对YBcO进行了计算机模拟,确定了它的磁通钉扎类型,模拟的研究结果与实际情况比较吻合.     

Determination of the critical current density and the flux pinning force in single crystals YBa2Cu3O7-δ from the magnetization hysteresis cycles

In this study, the magnetization measurements have been performed on high-temperature superconductor's single crystals YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ at large ranges of temperature T (15-85 K) and in magnetic fields up to 6T at different values of the angle θ between the applied magnetic field and c-axis. The critical current density Jc deduced from the magnetic hysteresis loops by the Bean formula for H parallel to the c-axis (θ=0°), our results have shown that the critical current density Jc was strongly dependent on the applied magnetic field. The pinning force Fp=Jc×μ₀H was determined from magnetization for H//c, however, a plot of the normalized pinning force density fp= Fp/Fpmax as a function of the reduced magnetic field h= H/Hirr at different temperatures have shown good scaling with the form fp ~h^p(1-h)^q, where p and q are scaling parameters. We also found that the point pinning is more dominant than surface pinning under high temperatures.     

Rocking ratchets in two-dimensional Josephson networks: collective effects and current reversal

A detailed numerical study on the directed motion of ac-driven vortices and antivortices in 2D Josephson junction arrays with an asymmetric periodic pinning potential is reported. dc-voltage rectification shows a strong dependence on vortex density as well as an inversion of the vortex flow direction with ac amplitude for a wide range of vortex density around f = 1/2 (f = Ha(2)/Phi(0)), in good agreement with recent experiments by Shalóm and Pastoriza [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 177001 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.177001]. The study of vortex structures, spatial and temporal correlations, and vortex-antivortex pairs formation gives insight into a purely collective mechanism behind the current reversal effect.     

葡萄糖掺杂对MgB2钉扎机制的影响

本文通过磁性测量获得了葡萄糖掺杂MgB2块材样品的临界电流密度Jc,并利用集体钉扎模型分析了掺杂对其磁通钉扎机制的影响．研究发现,在纯样中δTc钉扎为主导钉扎机制;而在掺杂样品中,随着掺杂量的增加础钉扎所占比重逐渐增大到90％．剩余电阻率的计算结果也验证了掺杂样品中的钉扎机制变化．我们推断础钉扎主要是由碳对硼位掺杂引起...     

Strong flux pinning enhancement in YBa2Cu3O7-x films by embedded BaZrO3 and BaTiO3 nanoparticles

YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films with embedded BaZrO3 and BaTiO3 nanoparticles were fabricated by metalorganic deposition using trifluoroacetates (TFA-MOD). Both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that these BaZrO3 and BaTiO3 nanoparticles had random orientations and were distributed stochastically in the YBCO matrix. The unique combined microstructure enhances the critical current density (Jc) of the BaZrO3/BaTiO3 doped-YBCO films, while keeping the critical transition temperature (Tc) close to that in the pure YBCO films. These results indicate that BaZrO3 and BaTiO3 nanoparticles provide strong flux pinning in YBCO films.     

原位法MgB_2-B_4C复相超导体合成及相含量调控研究

以B4C和Mg为原料合成的MgB2-B4C复相超导体具有高的临界电流密度(Jc)和高的超导转变温度(Tc),是一种有潜力的实用MgB2超导材料,其成相机理对复相MgB2超导体的相含量调控和磁通钉扎研究具有重要意义。结合经典烧结理论,研究了B4C-Mg真空固相烧结制备MgB2-B4C复相超导体的超导相形成和晶粒生长过程,给出了B4C-Mg的金斯特林格扩散模型和MgB2晶粒生长过程。通过选择B4C原料粒径,MgB2-B4C复相超导体超导相体积相含量在18%-88%范围可控。相含量88%的MgB2-B4C复相超导体临界转变温度达33.5K,转变宽度1.5K。10 K环境6T外场下电流密度可以达到1×104A/cm2,表明MgB2-B4C复相超导体具有良好的磁通钉扎行为。     

高温超导YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Y2O3多层薄膜的制备及性能表征

采用脉冲激光沉积技术(PLD)在LaAlO3(100)单晶衬底上外延生长YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Y2O3多层薄膜,用X射线衍射技术(XRD)分析薄膜的物相结构和外延特性,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)观察薄膜的表面形貌.本文主要研究了最佳工艺参数下交替生长多层YBCO-Y2O3膜的超导性能.结果表明,YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Y2O3薄膜为纯c轴取向外延生长,临界电流密度Jc(H=0或H//C)均高于纯YBCO薄膜,纳米Y2O3起到磁通钉扎中心作用.     

Vortex configurations in regular arrays of pinning sites

The vortex states interacting with a triangular lattice of pinning sites in a two-dimensional (2D) superconducting sample have been investigated by using a molecular dynamics approach. The Nordborg–Vinokur potential is used to model the interaction between the vortices and the pinning sites. We have found several ordered vortex configurations, such as pentagons, hexagons, and shells depending on two critical parameters of the system, namely pinning radius and vorticity. Our results are in good agreement with the results of Bitter decoration experiments performed on type-II superconductors with blind hole and pillar arrays.     

Enhancement of the critical current density of YBa2Cu3Ox superconductors under hydrostatic pressure

The dependence of the critical current density Jc on hydrostatic pressure to 0.6 GPa is determined for a single 25 degrees [001]-tilt grain boundary in a bicrystalline ring of nearly optimally doped melt-textured YBa2Cu3Ox. Jc is found to increase rapidly under pressure at +20%/GPa. A new diagnostic method is introduced (pressure-induced Jc relaxation) which reveals a sizable concentration of vacant oxygen sites in the grain boundary region. Completely filling such sites with oxygen anions should lead to significant enhancements in Jc.     

Statistical mechanics of two dimensional tilings

Reduced dimensionality in two dimensions is a topic of current interest. We use model systems to investigate the statistical mechanics of ideal networks. The tilings have possible applications such as the 2D locations of pore sites in nanoporous arrays (quantum dots), in the 2D hexagonal structure of graphene, and as adsorbates on quasicrystalline crystal surfaces. We calculate the statistical mechanics of these networks, such as the partition function, free energy, entropy, and enthalpy. The plots of these functions versus the number of links in the finite networks result in power law regression. We also determine the degree distribution, which is a combination of power law and rational function behavior. In the large-scale limit, the degree of these 2D networks approaches 3, 4, and 6, in agreement with the degree of the regular tilings. In comparison, a Penrose tiling has a degree also equal to about 4.     

高温超导薄膜临界电流密度的无损测量研究

临界电流密度Jc是超导薄膜的一个重要参量,它可以衡量超导薄膜的功率承载能力。大面积高温超导薄膜制成后,其Jc需要被无损精确测量。文中提出了一种新的交流磁场下的高温超导薄膜临界态模型:(1)基于此模型对薄膜的临界电流密度进行了精确无损测量;(2)并将实验测量的三次谐波电压曲线进行拟合研究。首先,根据麦克斯韦方程和伦敦方程,计算外加直流磁场超导薄膜Meissner态下电流和磁场在薄膜内的分布;然后分析薄膜进入临界态后内部电流的变化,在考虑顶扎力作用的情况下,提出了临界态电流和磁场非均匀分布模型;最后根据其模型,推导出三次谐波电压的表达式。为了验证该理论,分别对四片超导薄膜在不同频率下进行了三次谐波和临界电流密度测量。实验结果表明:三次谐波电压的理论与实验曲线一致;与四点传输法的测量结果相比较,该方法测量超导薄膜临界电流密度的误差在5%左右,具有高精度、无损伤、方便快捷等优点。     

Approaches to improving critical current density of YBCO superconducting thick films deposited by electrophoresis

The irreversibility field (Hirr) of Y-based superconductor is much higher than that of Bi-based superconductor. Y-based superconductor is capable of maintaining stable electrical currents in high magnetic field and electric field, so it is a better suited mate-rial for electric-current applications. Commonly, the Y-based tapes comprise a YBCO thick film deposited on a flexible substrate, typically with an intermediate buffer layer, and an overcoat of noble metal. In this process, the interm…     

添加Dy_2O_3的YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的临界电流密度特征

掺入Dy2O3的YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)粉末样品采用固相反应方法制备获得。XRD的Rietveld精修和SEM都显示Dy2O3和YBCO并存。随着添加相成分的增加,YBCO的开始转变温度Ton、超导临界温度Tc和零电阻温度Tc0都单调减小。对于某一固定的磁场,温度为77K,当x=0.05时,样品的临界电流密度Jc有最大值。磁场中,微量的Dy2O3的添加,使得YBCO临界电流密度增大。Jc的这些特征行为来自D2O3的添加导致的两方面的共同作用,一方面是超导性的变化,另一方面纳米尺寸范围内的空间分布的非均匀性。     

预处理柠檬酸对MgB2块材掺杂的影响

本文介绍了预处理柠檬酸(C6H8O7)掺杂对MgB2超导体的影响.通过该实验我们将柠檬酸中的一部分氧元素除去,降低了样品中MgO的含量,从而有效减轻了杂质相对超导转变温度(Tc)的抑制.另外,还发现样品的临界电流密度(Jc)在处理温度为200℃时达到最优值.在10K,4T条件下,200℃预处理的样品的Jc达到1.4×1...     

Y(Ba_(1-x)Gd_x)_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的临界电流密度特征

多晶样品Y(Ba1-xGdx)2Cu3O7-δ(YBGCO)(x=0.0,0.02,0.03,0.05,0.08,0.10)是由标准固相反应法制备获得。XRD的Rietveld精修显示,Gd成功地部分替代YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)晶胞中的Ba位。实验结果表明,对于某一固定磁场Y(Ba1-xGdx)2Cu3O7-δ的临界电流密度(Jc)在x=0.05有最大值。此外,尽管YBGCO的超导温度(Tc)明显地单调下降,但微量的Gd掺杂导致磁场中YBGCO的Jc的提高。Jc随着Gd掺杂量不同而变化的特征行为可以认为,是由Gd掺杂引起的两种不同的效果竞争共同作用造成的,即纳米尺度范围内空间分布不均匀性和超导性的变化。     

Surface versus bulk pinning in a HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+x ceramics

Flux creep measurements on a HgBa₂Ca₂Cu₃O_8+x ceramics are reported. The results of the magnetic relaxation measurements are analyzed both by assuming that the pinning is due to the existence of a surface barrier or exclusively caused by bulk pinning. The action of both the surface and the bulk barriers is evidenced. At 70 K, a very high critical current density of the surface currents is determined, which is higher than the critical current density of the bulk. The field and temperature dependence of the pinning behaviour reflects mainly bulk pinning in 2D. The measurements were repeated after 4 and 12 months to investigate the influence of aging. A destruction of the superconducting properties of the grain boundaries accompanied by a degradation of the surfaces of the grains with time is proved.     

Peak effect in the critical current of type II superconductors with strong magnetic vortex pinning

We perform 2D Langevin simulations studying the peak effect (PE) of the critical current taking into account the temperature dependence of the competing forces. We observe and report that the PE results from the competition of vortex-vortex interactions and vortex-pin interactions which have different temperature dependencies. The simulations reveal that the PE can take place only for certain pinning strengths, densities of pinning centers, and driving forces, which is in good agreement with experiments. No apparent vortex order-disorder transition is observed across the PE regime. In addition, the PE is a dynamical phenomenon, and thermal fluctuations can speed up the process for the formation of the PE.     

Magnetization of Gd diffused YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor：Experiment and theory

The magnetization of Gd diffused YBa2Cu3O7-x is measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at selected temperatures (5, 25, 50, 77 K). The experimental results for the magnetization are analyzed in the critical state framework involving Kim-Anderson field dependence Jc(H)=Jc0/(1+|H|/H0)n of critical current density and equilibrium magnetization M eq . It is found that the inclusion of the equilibrium magnetization becomes more important at higher temperatures. At 77 K, the shape of the isothermal M-H hysteresis curve is governed by the equilibrium magnetization. Some superconducting parameters are determined by fitting the calculated curves to the experimental data.