Equation of state of superfluid neutron matter and the calculation of the 1S0 pairing gap

We present a quantum Monte Carlo study of the zero-temperature equation of state of neutron matter and the computation of the 1S0 pairing gap in the low-density regime with rho < 0.04 fm(-3). The system is described by a nonrelativistic nuclear Hamiltonian including both two- and three-nucleon interactions of the Argonne and Urbana type. This model interaction provides very accurate results in the calculation of the binding energy of light nuclei. A suppression of the gap with respect to the pure BCS theory is found, but sensibly weaker than in other works that attempt to include polarization effects in an approximate way.     

中子物质中的3PF2态超流性和微观三体核力效应

利用Brueckner-Hartree-Fock(BHF)和BCS理论方法，计算了纯中子物质中处于³PF₂态的中子对关联能隙，特别是研究并讨论了微观三体核力对³PF₂态中子超流性强弱的影响. 结果表明：三体核力显著地增强了中子物质中³PF₂态中子超流性；当采用BHF单粒子能谱时，三体核力导致相应的对关联能隙峰值由0.22MeV增大到0.50MeV. 关键词： 中子物质 3PF₂超流性')" href="#">³PF₂超流性 三体核力 BCS理论     

Nucleon Finite Volume Effect and Nuclear Matter Properties in a Relativistic Mean-Field Theory

Effects of excluded volume of nucleons on nuclear matter are studied, and the nuclear properties that follow from different relativistic mean-field model parametrizations are compared. We show that, for all tested parametrizations, the resulting volume energy al and the symmetry energy J are around the acceptable values of 16 MeV and 30 MeV, and the density symmetry L is around 100 MeV. On the other hand, models that consider only linear terms lead to incompressibility Ko much higher than expected. For most parameter sets there exists a critical point （pc, δc）, where the minimum and the maximum of the equation of state are coincident and the incompressibility equals zero. This critical point depends on the excluded volume parameter r. If this parameter is larger than 0.5 fm, there is no critical point and the pure neutron matter is predicted to be bound. The maximum value for neutron star mass is 1.85M⊙, which is in agreement with the mass of the heaviest observed neutron star 4U0900-40 and corresponds to r = 0.72 fm. We also show that the light neutron star mass （1.2M⊙） is obtained for r ≌ 0.9 fro.     

The two-pion-exchange three-nucleon potential and nuclear matter

We derive the complete three-nucleon potential of the two-pion-exchange type, suitable for nuclear structure calculations, by extending away from the forward direction the subthreshold off-pion-mass-shell πN scattering amplitude of Coon, Scadron and Barrett. The off-mass-shell extrapolation, subject to current algebra and PCAC constraints, yields approximately model independent amplitudes (in that they depend primarily on πN data) in the complete potential. The subtraction of the forward propagating nucleon term from the amplitudes is done in greater generality than before. The contribution of this three-nucleon potential to the binding energy of symmetric nuclear matter is estimated using the perturbative formalism of McKellar and Rajaraman. In our treatment of correlations in nuclear matter, the dominant three-nucleon potential has strong components from both s-wave and p-wave πN scattering. A three-body potential based on the p-wave Δ isobar can be considered a special case of the derived potential. Therefore, we are able to trace most of the discrepancies in previously reported binding energy contributions back to the assumed energy denominator in second order. We find the contribution of the three nucleon potential to the energy of symmetric nuclear matter to be ? 1.90 ± 0.2 MeV.     

The A(y) problem for p-3He elastic scattering

We present evidence that numerically accurate quantum calculations employing modern internucleon forces do not reproduce the proton analyzing power, A(y), for p- 3He elastic scattering at low energies. These calculations underpredict new measured analyzing powers by approximately 30% at E(c.m.) = 1.20 MeV and by 40% at E(c.m.) = 1.69 MeV, an effect analogous to a well-known problem in p-d and n-d scattering. The calculations are performed using the complex Kohn variational principle and the (correlated) hyperspherical harmonics technique with full treatment of the Coulomb force. The inclusion of the three-nucleon interaction does not improve the agreement with the experimental data.     

Triton Photodisintegration with Effective Field Theory

Effective field theory (EFT) has been recently used for the calculation of neutron–deuteron radiative capture at very low energies. We present here the use of EFT to calculate the two-body photodisintegration of the triton, considering the three-body force. The calculated cross section shows sharp rising from threshold to maximum about 0.88 mb at ~13 MeV and decreasing slightly to about 0.81 mb at ~19 MeV, in agreement with the experimental data. Our results are in good agreement with the experimental data and the other calculations using modern realistic two- and three-nucleon forces, like AV18/UrbanaIX potential.     

Configuration of the valence neutrons of 17B

The reaction cross section of 17B on 12C target at (43.7±2.4) MeV/u has been measured at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL). The root-mean-square matter radius (Rrms) was deduced to be (2.92±0.10) fm, while the Rrms of the core and the valence neutron distribution are 2.28 fm and 5.98 fm respectively. Assuming a "core plus 2n" structure in 17B, the mixed configuration of (2s1/2) and (1d5/2) of the valence neutrons is studied and the s-wave spectroscopic factor is found to be (80±21)%.     

中能重离子碰撞中的涨落和中间质量碎片发射的机制

在ＱＭＤ模型的基础上，系统研究了４０Ｃａ＋４０Ｃａ中心碰撞系统的中间质量碎片随能量和时间的演化以及它们的动力学起源．集中讨论了反应机制的跃迁，动力学过程中密度涨落和平均中间质量碎片的关系以及碎裂的时间尺度．发现中间质量碎片随能量的上升和下降伴随着涨落的上升和下降．并预言对所研究的反应，当入射能量为６５ＭｅＶ／ｕ时，彻底解体可能发生．碎裂的时间尺度大约为１４０ｆｍ／ｃ，且随能量的增大，此时间尺度不再减小，达到饱和．     

热核衰变中轻粒子的发射时间

报道了25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au反应中裂片符合下的粒子—粒子关联函数及其发射时间.实验测得粒子的平均发射时间为200—300fm/c,表明轻粒子的裂前发射占主导.在平面发射和出平面发射的粒子发射时间相差很少,发射时间是随着粒子能量的改变而发生显著变化,从中速粒子的约300fm/c下降至类弹粒子的约30—100fm/c.     

轻粒子发射时间随测量角的变化

利用小相对角关联方法测量了25MeV/u⁴⁰Ar+⁹³Nb反应中关联出射的轻粒子.通过与三体弹道模型的比较,从关联函数提取了轻粒子的发射时间.结果表明,轻粒子的发射时间随粒子能量的升高而降低,从低能的约600fm/c下降至高能的约50fm/c.将此数据与⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au反应中的发射时间进行了比较,发现随着实验室系角度的增加,提取的轻粒子的发射时间变长,并认为其原因在于随发射角度的增加,前平衡发射成份越来越少,平衡发射成份增加.     

对力对于锕系核性质的影响

本文用处理对力的粒子数守恒方法来分析对力对于锕系核性质的影响,其中包括奇A核和偶偶核的内部激发谱、β衰变、α衰变等。文中首先根据实验测得的寄A核的内部激发谱,计及对力的影响,定出了单粒子能级的Nilsson参数(见表3和5)。然后利用此单粒子能级进一步分析了偶偶核的内部激发谱和β衰变。由于现有数据的限制,只分析了Th²²⁸,Th²³⁰,U²³²,U²³⁴和Cm²⁴⁴等核。由能级位置和β衰变的分析,     

Precision neutron interferometric measurement of the nd coherent neutron scattering length and consequences for models of three-nucleon forces

We have performed the first high precision measurement of the coherent neutron scattering length of deuterium in a pure sample using neutron interferometry. We find b(nd)=(6.665+/-0.004) fm in agreement with the world average of previous measurements using different techniques, b(nd)=(6.6730+/-0.0045) fm. We compare the new world average for the nd coherent scattering length b(nd)=(6.669+/-0.003) fm to calculations of the doublet and quartet scattering lengths from several modern nucleon-nucleon potential models with three-nucleon force (3NF) additions and show that almost all theories are in serious disagreement with experiment. This comparison is a more stringent test of the models than past comparisons with the less precisely determined doublet scattering length of (2)a(nd)=(0.65+/-0.04) fm.     

核物质的对称能与中子皮厚度(英文)

在现有的平均场模型中引入同位旋相关的高阶修正项．研究了核物质对称能的密度依赖性和。^208Pb的中子皮厚度。采用新提出的PK1相互作用以及NL3．S271和Z271相互作用．得到核物质饱和点对称能的范围为29-38MeV以及相应的^208Pb中子皮厚度为0．17—0.28fm．在所有相互作用中，核物质饱和点的对称能与^208Pb的中子皮厚度近似呈线性关系。After adding isospin dependent high order correction terms to existing relativistic mean field models (RMF), the density dependence of symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness S for 208Pb are studied. Using the new effective interaction PK1, together with NL3, S271 and Z271, a range of 29—38 MeV for the symmetry energy for nuclear matter at saturation point and the corresponding neutron skin thickness S = 0.14—0.28 fm for 208Pb are obtained. For all effective interactions, a linear relation between the symmetry energy at saturation point and the neutron skin thickness for 208Pb is observed.     

Development of Central Collective Flow in 100MeV/u Au+Au Central Collisions

Using QMD model the time evolution of Au+Au system at 100MeV/u is studied.For very central collisions the conditions for freeze-out and how the different physical quantities approaching equlibrium are investigated.The calculated results show that for 100MeV/u Au+Au at b=0fm,the maximum density can reach 1.6ρ₀ and after that the system expands to a low density region.A position correlated central flow is developed during the expansion stage.By studying the two pamicle reladve momentum spectrum it is able to separate central flow from random thenmal motion.The dependence of this central flow on E.O.S.is also discussed.     

Effects of the Three-Nucleon Forces from Different Meson Exchanges on the Triton Binding Energy

Effects of the three-nucleon forces on the triton binding energy are investigated using different models for which the xN scattering amplitudes for the off-mass-shell pions are extrapolated from the on-mass-shell data. In the independent model potential, the threenucleon forces are constructed using the chiral symmetry through partial conservation of the axial current vectors and current algebra. On the other hand, the three-nucleon forces in the dependent model potential are derived from an effective Lagrangian which is constrained by chiral and gauge symmetry. The effect of the long range 2π and the repulsive ap-exchange three-nucleon forces on the triton binding energy are investigated. The bound state triton binding energies are then calculated by solving the Faddeev equations with a Hamiltonian including the three-nucleon forces, using different nucleon-nucleon interactions. The pionic form factors are considered with different sets of the form factor cutoff,parameter Λ. The 2π-exchange forces with S- and P-wave amplitudes are found to overbind the triton binding energy by about 0.4～Y 1.6 MeV. However, xp-exchange forces are found to reduce the 2π exchange forces by about 18% of its contribution, to the triton binding energy.     

Interaction-induced beats of Friedel oscillations in quantum wires

We analyze the spectrum of electron density oscillations in an interacting one-dimensional electron system with an impurity. The system's inhomogeneity is characterized by different values of Fermi wave vectors kF=k L/R on left or right side of the scatterer, leading to a Landauer dipole formation. We demonstrate, that while in the noninteracting system the Friedel oscillations possess only one periodicity related to the local kF, say kL on the left side, the interplay of the interactions and the Landauer dipole generates an additional peak in the spectrum of density oscillations at the counterpart kR. Being only present in correlated systems, the position and shape of this spectral feature, which in coordinate space is observable as a beating pattern in the Friedel oscillations, reveals many important details about the nature of interactions. Thus it has a potential to become an investigation tool in condensed matter physics.     

Microscopic calculation of the inclusive electron scattering structure function in 16O

We calculate the charge form factor and the longitudinal structure function for 16O and compare with the available experimental data, up to a momentum transfer of 4 fm(-1). The ground-state correlations are generated using the coupled-cluster [ exp(S)] method, together with the realistic v18 NN interaction and the Urbana IX three-nucleon interaction. Center-of-mass corrections are dealt with by adding a center-of-mass Hamiltonian to the usual internal Hamiltonian, and by means of a many-body expansion for the computation of the observables measured in the center-of-mass system.     

Nuclear force from lattice QCD

The nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential is studied by lattice QCD simulations in the quenched approximation, using the plaquette gauge action and the Wilson quark action on a 32(4) [approximately (4.4 fm)(4)] lattice. A NN potential V(NN)(r) is defined from the equal-time Bethe-Salpeter amplitude with a local interpolating operator for the nucleon. By studying the NN interaction in the (1)S(0) and (3)S(1) channels, we show that the central part of V(NN)(r) has a strong repulsive core of a few hundred MeV at short distances (r approximately < 0.5 fm) surrounded by an attractive well at medium and long distances. These features are consistent with the known phenomenological features of the nuclear force.     

Axial observables in d-->p--> breakup and the three-nucleon force

We have measured three axial polarization observables in d-->p--> breakup with a polarized 270 MeV deuteron beam on a polarized proton target. Axial observables are zero by parity conservation in elastic scattering but can be easily observed in the breakup channel at the present energy. Based on a symmetry argument, the sensitivity of these observables to the three-nucleon force might be enhanced. Calculations without three-nucleon force are in fair agreement with our measurement, indicating that the expected sensitivity of axial observables to the three-nucleon force is not confirmed. Including a three-nucleon force in the calculation does not improve the agreement with the data.     

Hot and cold,nuclear and neutron matter

We report variational calculations of the equation of state of hot and cold, nuclear and neutron matter. The calculations cover a wide density range of interest in heavy-ion collisions and astrophysics. The “hot” calculations are limited to temperatures less than 20 MeV. A realistic nuclear hamiltonian that contains two- and three-nucleon interactions and fits the nucléon-nucléon scattering, as well as nuclear matter data, is used. Neutron star structure calculations are reported and their sensitivity to the three-neutron interactipn is examined. The liquid-vapor phase equilibrium, as well as the behavior of the effective mass in nuclear matter is discussed.