A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅰ)-THEORY

On the basis of the sufficient consideration of vectorial characteristics of stress, a new nonlinear constitutive model for cohesionless soil under plane strain and 3-D conditions was presented in a way that the action effects of stress vector are decomposed into the action effect of mean effective stress and that of the stress ratio vector (ratio of deviatoric stress vector to mean effective stress). The constitutive model can take account of the influence of both numerical and directional changes of stress vector on deformation of soil simultaneously, and is applicable of both static and dynamic loading. Biography: Shi Hong-yan (1964-)     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅱ)-APPLICATION

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｃｏｍｐａｎｉｏｎｐａｐｅｒ [1 ]ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒ＿ｂａｓｅｄｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｃｏｈｅｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓｓｏｉｌ.Ｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｍａｉｎ .Ｔｈａｔｉｓ ,ｕｎｄｅｒｐｌａｎｅｓｔｒａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒｃａｎｂｅｅｑｕｉ…     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅱ)-APPLICATION

The stress vector-based constitutive model for cohesionless soil, proposed by SHI Hong-yan et al., was applied to analyze the deformation behaviors of materials subjected to various stress paths. The result of analysis shows that the constitutive model can capture well the main deformation behavior of cohesionless soil, such as stress-strain nonlinearity, hardening property, dilatancy, stress path dependency, non-coaxiality between the principal stress and the principal strain increment directions, and the coupling of mean effective and deviatoric stress with deformation. In addition, the model can also take into account the rotation of principal stress axes and the influence of intermediate principal stress on deformation and strength of soil simultaneously. The excellent agreement between the predicted and measured behavior indicates the comprehensive applicability of the model. Biography: SHI Hong-yan (1962-), Associate Professor, Doctor     

A FRACTURE-ENERGY-BASED ELASTO-SOFTENING-PLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR JOINTS OF GEOMATERIALS

On the basis of plasticity and fracture mechanics for quasi-brittle materials , this article presented a constitutive model for gradual softening behavior of joints of geomateri-als . Corresponding numerical tests are carried out at the local level. Characteristics of the model proposed are 1) plastic softening and dilatancy behavior are directly related to the fracture process of joint, and much less material and model parameters are required compared with those proposed by references ; 2) the process of decohesion coupled with friction-al sliding at both micro-scale and macro-scale is described.     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY(Ⅰ)-NONLINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

The nonlinear constitutive equations and field equations of unsaturated soils were constructed on the basis of mixture theory. The soils were treated as the mixture composed of three constituents. First, from the researches of soil mechanics, some basic assumptions about the unsaturated soil mixture were made, and the entropy inequality of unsaturated soil mixture was derived. Then, with the common method usually used to deal with the constitutive problems in mixture theory, the nonlinear constitutive equations were obtained. Finally, putting the constitutive equations of constituents into the balance equations of momentum, the nonlinear field equations of constituents were set up. The balance equation of energy of unsaturated soil was also given, and thus the complete equations for solving the thermodynamic process of unsaturated soil was formed. Foundation items: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59678003); Special Research Plan of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province (01JK178) Biographies: HUANG Yi (1936-) ZHANG Yin-ke (1964-)     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY(Ⅰ)—NONLINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

IntroductionSoilisthemostcommonlyusedconstructionmaterialincivilengineeringandhydraulicengineering .Thecharacteristicsofsoilhavebeeninvestigatingfornearlyonehundredyears.Butbecauseofitscomplexstructure,changeableenvironmentandbeingsensitivetotheoutsideconditions,thesoiloftenshowsvariedproperties[1,2 ].Themaindifficultytothedevelopmentofgeotechnicalmechanicsishowtosetupconstitutiveequationswhichcouldsatisfactorilyaccountforengineeringpropertiesofsoil[3].Manyconstitutivemodelshavebeenformedinth…     

DAMAGE MODEL FOR HARDENING AND SOFTENING MATERIAL IN GENERAL STATE OF STRESS

The present paper is aimed to simulate progression of damage,hardeningand softening response in brittle materials such as concrete or rock in general state ofstress.Similar shape of surfaces for yield,failure and damage progressing areavailable,and softening strain is treated as plasticity.Then,the proposed model isapplied to solving several boundary value problems.     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY (Ⅱ)-LINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

The linear constitutive equations and field equations of unsaturated soils were obtained through linearizing the nonlinear equations given in the first part of this work. The linear equations were expressed in the forms similar to Biot’s equations for saturated porous media. The Darcy’s laws of unsaturated soil were proved. It is shown that Biot’s equations of saturated porous media are the simplification of the theory. All these illustrate that constructing constitutive relation of unsaturated soil on the base of mixture theory is rational.     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY (Ⅱ)—LINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

IntroductionInpart(Ⅰ )ofthework[1],byuseofmixturetheory ,thenonlinearconstitutiveequationsandthefieldequationsofunsaturatedsoilwereconstructed ,andthecompleteequationsforthethermodynamicsystemofunsaturatedsoilwasformed .Inthispart,thelinearconstitutiveequationsandfieldequationsofunsaturatedsoilareobtainedthroughlinearizingnonlinearequations,andthelinearequationsarewrittenintheformssimilartoBiot’sequationsforsaturatedporousmedia .ItisprovedthatDarcy’slawissuitabletodescribethemotionofliquid…     

SHEAR BEAM MODEL FOR INTERFACE FAILURE UNDER ANTIPLANE SHEAR (Ⅰ)—FUNDAMENTAL BEHAVIOR

The propagation of interlayer cracks and the resulting failure of the interface is a typical mode occurring in rock engineering and masonry structure. On the basis of the theory of elasto~plasticity and fracture mechanics, the shear beam model for the solution of interface failure was presented. The concept of `cohesive crack’ was adopted to describe the constitutive behavior of the cohesive interfacial layer. Related fundamental equations such as equilibrium equation, constitutive equations were presented. The behavior of a double shear beam bonded through cohesive layer was analytically calculated. The stable propagation of interface crack and process zone was investigated.     

COMMENTS ON AMSAA-BISE RELIABILITY GROWTH MODEL (Ⅰ)

From 1986 to 1991, based on AMSAA model, Zhou Yuan-quan and Weng Zhao-xi presented AMSAA-BISE model to estimate reliability growth for multiple systems development, for the case that more than one system of the same type is put into reliability growth test, once a Type B failure mode is seen during test, corrective action will be taken to all systems. It is shown that there is something wrong with AMSAA-BISE model. According to AMSAA-BISE model, the maximum likelihood estimation of MTBF for multiple systems reliability growth test is much larger than that according to AMSAA model for a single system; The more systems is put into test, the larger the estimation of MTBF. An example is given, and an approximate method is presented. Biography: Mei Wen-hua (1965-), Senior Engineer, Doctor     

COMMENTS ON AMSAA-BISE RELIABILITY GROWTH MODEL (Ⅰ)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＡＭＳＡＡｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｇｒｏｗｔｈｍｏｄｅｌｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｂｙＬａｒｒｙＨ .Ｃｒｏｗ[1,2 ]ｉｎ 1 972ｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＵ .Ｓ .ＡｒｍｙＭａｔｅｒｉｅｌＳｙｓｔｅｍｓＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ (ＡＭＳＡＡ) .ＩｔｉｓａｌｓｏｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｈｅｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｓｔｈｅＣｒｏｗＭｏｄｅｌ.ＡＭＳＡＡｍｏｄｅｌｉｓａｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｇｒｏｗｔｈｍｏｄｅｌ.ＩｔｗａｓａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄｂｙＭＩＬ…     

A SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR DOMAIN SWITCHING OF FERROELECTRIC CRYSTAL

I. INTRODUCTION Domain switching is the main source of nonlinear characteristics of ferroelectric materials. The trans-formation performance of domain is the basis for ferroelectric constitutive research. In many literatures[1??10], complete switching models were adopted, in which ferroelectric materials are considered tobe consist of several basic sorts of domains, which are independent of each other. Under the actionof su?ciently strong electric ?elds or mechanical stress, the orienta…     

A MODEL FOR CONCRETE DURABILITY DEGRADATION IN FREEZE-THAWING CYCLES

Up to now, how to control the durability of concrete structures is still a pending research topic in civil engineering. Owing to the fact that concrete durability can be affected by many non-mechanical factors, it is very difficult to research durability only based on mechanics.However, the phenomenon of failure caused by non-mechanical factors is similar to that caused by loads. As frost durability reflects the comprehensive durability of concrete in a certain sense,the specific failure process is analyzed and a damage model is introduced, which can describe the durability degradation process of concrete in the whole freeze-thawing cycle.     

A FUZZY MODEL FOR THE FAILURE OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

In this paper,the fuzzy theory is used to describe the uncertainty in failure definition ofcomposite structures.The concept of structural failure level(SFL)is suggested and amethod of evaluation is presented.     

A NEW ENGINEERING CALCULATING MODEL FOR A LINEAR INCLUSION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

By using the hypothesis of the deformation of the straight bar and beamin mechanics of materials,a new engineering calculating model for a linear inclusion inplane is presented.Through the Kelvin's solution of a concentrated force,the inclusionproblem is reduced to solving a set of uncoupled singular integral equations which canbe solved by the numerical method of singular integral equation.Based on theseresults,several applicable examples including an inclusion-crack problem are calculatedand the results are quite satisfactory.     

A NUMERICAL MODEL OF LEFT VENTRICLE AND AORTIC VALVE FUNCTION OF ITS AFTERLOAD(Ⅰ)

Due to the study of the function of heart and nortic valve,we set up a physical model of left ventricle,aortic valve and afterload and derive theoretical equation of each part from the model.Then we calculate the basic equations within phystology and impair parameters.Based this,we will discuss,fully in the next paper the effect of left ventricular afterload on valve opening,ejection and valve function ,etc.     

DOUBLE-MEDIUM CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF GEOLOGICAL MATERIAL IN UNIAXIAL TENSION AND COMPRESSION

Based on elasto-plasticity and damage mechanics, a double-medium constitutive model of geological material under uniaxial tension and compression was presented, on the assumption that rock and soil materials are the pore-fracture double-medium, and porous medium has no damage occurring, while fracture medium has damage occurring with load. To the implicit equation of the model, iterative method was adopted to obtain the complete stress-strain curve of the material. The result shows that many different distributions (uniform distribution, concentrated distribution and random distribution) of fractures in rock and soil material are the essential reasons of the daedal constitutive relations. By the reason that the double-medium constitutive model separates the material to be porous medium part, which is the main body of elasticity, and fracture medium part, which is the main body of damage, it is of important practical values and theoretical meanings to the study on failure of rock and soil or materials containing damage.     

A K-εTWO-EQUATION TURBULENCE MODEL FOR THE SOLID-LIQUID TWO-PHASE FLOWS

ＡＫ－εＴＷＯ－ＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＴＵＲＢＵＬＥＮＣＥＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＴＨＥＳＯＬＩＤ－ＬＩＱＵＩＤＴＷＯ－ＰＨＡＳＥＦＬＯＷＳ￥ＬｉｕＸｉａｏｂｉｎｇ（刘小兵）ＣｈｅｎｇＬｉａｎｇｉｎｎ（程良骏）（ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏ...