等离子体加载耦合腔慢波结构色散分析

利用磁化等离子体介电张量和纵向场分量法对任意大小轴向磁场中等离子体填充耦合腔慢波结构进行场分析，得到磁化等离子体填充电子注通道电磁波场分量的轴对称精确解.在此基础上，建立耦合腔分区模型、采用场匹配方法建立色散方程，并数值计算得出不同等离子体密度及磁场下的耦合腔色散曲线.对不同密度等离子体填充情况下的耦合腔色散特性、混合模式的形成机理以及等离子体空间电荷波进行了分析讨论. 关键词： 耦合腔慢波结构 等离子体 混合模式 色散特性     

非均匀强激光在等离子体中的细丝不稳定性

本文研究了包含着高斯形初始扰动的非均匀强电磁辐射在等离子体中的细丝不稳定性.计算并讨论了细丝不稳定性与初始扰动的强度、横向尺寸和初始等离子体电子密度的关系.结果表明,叠加在线偏振平面电磁波上的高斯型大扰动,在等离子体中传播不远就将崩裂.     

少周期飞秒准径向偏振光的超快瞬变聚焦矢量场

研究了基于腔外螺旋相位调制获取高峰值功率飞秒准径向偏振光的方法,结果表明该方法所产生的并非完全纯净的径向偏振光,其径向分量决定了聚焦后纵场的分布,而径向和角向分量共同影响了横场的分布.根据Richard-Wolf矢量衍射理论模拟得到不同纯度下的少周期飞秒准径向偏振光在焦点附近的电场的时空矢量分布,发现其具有中心对称和震荡衰减特点,载波包络相位将对聚焦场的矢量时空分布产生显著影响,从而对飞秒脉冲与电子在聚焦场中的相互作用产生影响.研究结果可为进一步的激光粒子加速分析以及偏振转换器的设计提供依据.     

少周期飞秒准径向偏振光的超快瞬变聚焦矢量场（英文）

研究了基于腔外螺旋相位调制获取高峰值功率飞秒准径向偏振光的方法,结果表明该方法所产生的并非完全纯净的径向偏振光,其径向分量决定了聚焦后纵场的分布,而径向和角向分量共同影响了横场的分布.根据Richard-Wolf矢量衍射理论模拟得到不同纯度下的少周期飞秒准径向偏振光在焦点附近的电场的时空矢量分布,发现其具有中心对称和震荡衰减特点,载波包络相位将对聚焦场的矢量时空分布产生显著影响,从而对飞秒脉冲与电子在聚焦场中的相互作用产生影响.研究结果可为进一步的激光粒子加速分析以及偏振转换器的设计提供依据.     

径向偏振光三维超分辨衍射光学元件设计

针对径向偏振光入射,设计了三维超分辨衍射光学元件。对径向偏振光大数值孔径聚焦特性的分析表明,纵向分量是影响聚焦主瓣的三维光强分布的主要因素。仅考虑径向偏振光聚焦场的纵向分量,沿用线偏振光入射时三维超分辨衍射光学元件的全局优化方法,利用线性规划设计了三维超分辨的0,π结构的纯相位元件。考虑径向偏振光聚焦场的径向和纵向分量,计算了三维超分辨性能。与线偏振光的性能对比表明,尽管仅考虑聚焦场纵向分量设计的衍射光学元件不是全局最优解,但其三维超分辨性能明显优于线偏振光,证明了仅考虑径向偏振光聚焦场的纵向分量进行三维超分辨衍射光学元件优化的有效性。     

托卡马克等离子体中共振磁扰动场放大效应对离子轨道特性的作用

首先,利用MARS-F程序模拟了HL-2A装置中不同电阻率、环向旋转频率和环向模数条件下等离子体对共振磁扰动(RMP)的线性响应过程,分析了不同情况下共振场放大效应对三维扰动磁场的影响;然后,利用Boris算法追踪了三维场作用下的离子轨道,并详细探究了不同扰动磁场改变离子轨道特性的物理机制.研究发现,考虑等离子体响应后的扰动磁场可增强离子轨道径向展宽,且轨道最大径向展宽随轨道上扰动磁场平均值的增大而增大;同时,离子在通过扰动磁场被强烈放大的区域时轨道径向展宽会显著增加.该物理机制可用于解释RMP缓解边界局域模实验中离子直接损失增加和等离子体径向输运增强现象.     

脉冲电压上升沿对He大气压等离子体射流管内放电发展演化特性的影响

通过仿真和实验相结合的手段,以直流脉冲电压驱动的双环电极结构He大气压等离子体射流为例,研究了电压上升沿时间对管内放电等离子体发展演化特性的影响.随着电压上升沿的改变,管内介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)区出现空心和实心两种放电模式.上升沿为纳秒和亚微秒量级时,以空心模式发展,上升沿持续增加后转变为实心模式.放电模式本质上受鞘层厚度、管内电场和表面电荷密度分布的影响,鞘层厚度小于1.8 mm时等离子体通常以空心模式传播,等于1.8 mm时等离子体的径向传播范围有限而转变为实心传播.管内DBD区,电场以轴向分量为主时,等离子体以放电起始时的模式传播;而在地电极内部,由于外施电场方向发生径向偏转,同时管壁沉积的正电荷形成径向自建电场,两者叠加形成的强径向电场致使放电以空心模式传播.     

磁化等离子体填充螺旋线的色散方程

利用等离子体流体理论和纵向场分量法，结合螺旋线的导电面模型，对在有限磁场作用下，填充等离子体的螺旋线进行了严格的场分析. 在给出各区域电磁场分量表达式的基础上，利用螺旋线的边界条件，导出了磁化等离子体填充螺旋线中电磁波传播所满足的色散方程，并对所导出的色散方程进行了讨论. 关键词： 有限磁场 等离子体 螺旋线 色散方程     

飞秒激光等离子体单丝导电性能的空间分辨研究

对飞秒激光等离子体单丝的导电性能进行空间分辨研究. 在消除测量时引入的接触电阻的影响后,得到单丝电阻在280-630 kΩ/cm范围. 为了进一步研究单丝的导电性能,对单丝诱导放电能力进行了空间分辨测量. 结果显示,最低放电阈值降低至自发放电的~50%. 从每段细丝的电阻和诱导放电阈值的空间分布看出:在成丝阶段,二者的变化趋势基本一致,细丝的电阻值和放电阈值均在焦点附近出现迅速下降. 将每段细丝的电阻和放电阈值相对应,建立了细丝诱导放电阈值-电阻的线性拟合关系,证实了细丝电阻对放电阈值的影响. 关键词： 飞秒激光 等离子体丝 电阻率 接触电阻     

等离子体钢丝二次谐波辐射的线性转换理论

本文对激光等离子体细丝的线性转换理论作了研究.通过对激光等离子体二次谐波的能量通量的计算发现,二次谐波的平面波理论关于在垂直密度梯度方向没有二次谐波辐射的结论与实验结果不符.在此基础上,我们提出了等离子体细丝的二次谱波线性转换理论,在垂直密度梯度方向有较强的二次谐波发射,这与实验结果较为一致.     

Attenuation properties of EM wave by magnetized nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane

The total amplitude reflection coefficient of EM wave in a nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane is newly derived by using the scattering matrix method (SMM), and the attenuation is calculated. Three types of plasma electron density profile, that is the hyperbolic, sinusoidal, and linear profiles, are used. The external magnetic field and plasma parameters such as the maximum electron density and collision frequencies are discussed to calculate the attenuation of EM wave. The calculation results show that the plasma electron density profile and maximum electron density exert a large effect to the attenuation of EM wave and the attenuation under the uniform external magnetic field is taken place by the electron cyclotron resonance absorption, the up hybrid resonance absorption and geometric resonances absorption.     

电磁波在大面积等离子体片中传播特性的分析

脉冲磁约束线形空心阴极放电形成的大面积等离子体片可应用于等离子体天线、隐身及模拟超音速飞行器表面的等离子体鞘套. 本文首次利用实测等离子体片电子密度时空分布和横向场传播矩阵法, 研究了电磁波在等离子体片中反射率、透射率、吸收率随频率及脉冲放电时间的变化特征. 结果表明: 极化方向平行磁场的电磁波, 在小于截止频率的低频带内具有较高的反射率和吸收率, 增大电流, 反射率增加, 吸收率下降, 在大于截止频率的高频带内反射率和吸收率较低, 增大电流, 透射率下降, 吸收率升高; 极化方向垂直磁场的电磁波在高混杂谐振频率附近存在吸收率明显增强的吸收带, 谐振吸收峰值与放电电流无关; 脉冲放电期间, 电磁波的反射率、透射率与吸收率由不稳定过渡到稳定的时间约为100 μs, 过渡时间随着放电电流的增加而增大, 极化方向垂直磁场、小于截止频率的电磁波在稳定放电阶段谐振吸收较强. 本文的研究成果对利用等离子体片实现对电磁波的稳定高反射作用具有重要意义.     

Particle-in-cell investigation on the resonant absorption of a plasma surface wave

The resonant absorption of a plasma surface wave is supposed to be an important and efficient mechanism of power deposition for a surface wave plasma source. In this paper, by using the particle-in-cell method and Monte Carlo simulation, the resonance absorption mechanism is investigated. Simulation results demonstrate the existence of surface wave resonance and show the high efficiency of heating electrons. The positions of resonant points, the resonance width and the spatio-temporal evolution of the resonant electric field are presented, which accord well with the theoretical results. The paper also discusses the effect of pressure on the resonance electric field and the plasma density.     

Generation of electromagnetic waves by a rotating plasma

Generation of electromagnetic waves by an annular shell of plasma rotating in crossed radial electrostatic and axial magnetic fields in a cylindrical resonator is investigated theoretically. Dispersion relations are obtained describing the interaction of the waves with the plasma. It is shown that generation of waves by a narrow plasma shell is possible due to a cyclotron resonance, Čerenkov resonance, or plasma resonance. Here we consider a Čerenkov resonance, where the velocities of the plasma components and the phase velocities of the waves are perpendicular to the constant magnetic field. The frequencies and growth rates of the waves are found under conditions of the above-mentioned resonances in a uniform and in a nonuniform plasma shell. Advantages and disadvantages of wave generation under various conditions are noted. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 16–21 (February 1999)     

The Rippled-Field Magnetron (Cross-Field Free Electron Laser)

Millimeter-wave emission from the rippled-field magnetron (cross-field free electron laser (FEL)) is investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this device, electrons move in quasi-circular orbits under the combined action of a radial electric field, a uniform axial magnetic field, and a radial azimuthally periodic wiggler magnetic field. In excess of 300 kW of RF power is observed in two narrow spectral lines whose frequency can be tuned continuously from ~25 to ~50 GHz by variation of the axial magnetic field. The observations are interpreted as a FEL type of instability, associated with a resonance in the particle motion of a layer of electrons embedded in the dense spacecharge cloud. The resonance is shown to occur when 2kw?0 ? (?>0/?0) ?1 -(?p/?0)2, where kw is the wiggler wavenumber, ?0 is the azimuthal electron velocity, ?0 is the relativistic cyclotron frequency in the axial magnetic field, wp is the relativistic plasma frequency, and ?0 = [1 - (?0/c)2]-1/2 of the resonant electron layer.     

The role of second‐order radial density gradient for helicon power absorption

To demonstrate the mysterious and still controversial mechanism of high ionization efficiency during helicon discharges, this work focuses particularly on the role of second‐order radial density gradient (SRDG) in helicon power absorption, both analytical and numerical. It was found that the positive or negative sign of SRDG and radial location of vanishing SRDG determine the radial profile of power absorption remarkably. First, by measuring SRDG at two radial locations (near plasma core and edge) where power absorption usually peaks, and varying it as a function of free parameter, we see that: (a) the power absorption from the antenna to plasma increases for positive SRDG and decreases for negative SRDG when viewed in the same x‐coordinate direction of SRDG and (b) the power absorption is maximized near the position where this local SRDG vanishes, consistent with the theory of radially localized helicon mode (B. N. Breizman and A. V. Arefiev, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84:3863, 2000). Second, by choosing the whole radial profiles of typical plasma distribution that have zero‐crossing SRDG, we find that the power absorption redistributes significantly when the location of vanishing SRDG moves radially outwards, and specifically when the radial locations of maximum power absorption and vanishing SRDG move in the same direction near the plasma core but noticeably in the opposite direction near the plasma edge. These findings are very interesting for helicon plasma applications that require certain power distribution or heat flux configuration, for example, material processing, which can be controlled by adjusting the radial profile of SRDG, especially the zero‐crossing SRDG.     

On a new mechanism of excitation of the absolute parametric decay instability of an electromagnetic wave in experiments on electron cyclotron resonance heating in toroidal devices

Experimental conditions under which the low-threshold absolute parametric decay instability of an electromagnetic wave with extraordinary polarization at the electron cyclotron resonance heating of a plasma at the second harmonic resonance in toroidal devices are analyzed. A new mechanism is proposed for the localization of a daughter electrostatic wave in the toroidal direction in the region of a high-power pump beam. This mechanism, along with the two-dimensional localization of the daughter wave because of a nonmonotonic radial profile of the plasma density and the poloidal inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, can be responsible for the parametric excitation of a three-dimensional cavity for this wave and, as a result, low-threshold absolute decay instability of the pump wave.     

磁场对螺旋波等离子体波和能量吸收影响的数值研究

本文考察在径向电子数密度呈抛物形分布的情况下,外加稳恒磁场,射频通过螺旋波天线在等离子体中激发电磁波的传播性质.采用线性扰动波假设,数值求解Maxwell方程组,得到80—800 G(1 G=10-4T)磁场条件下等离子体中径向电、磁场强度及能量沉积密度的分布情形.计算结果表明,磁场增大(80→800G)时,螺旋波受到的阻尼较小,可深入等离子体传播;Trivelpiece-Gould(TG)波受到的阻尼增大,在等离子体-真空边界处衰减增强;整体的能量吸收向边界集中.磁感应强度小于100 G时,TG波可深入主等离子体区传播,等离子体径向能量吸收相对均匀.     

托卡马克的快速Mapping方法

本文介绍一种托卡马克等离子体实验装置的快速Mapping方法。它用于揭示由外加线圈产生的径向场与托卡马克磁场共振产生的磁岛和随机场结构。说明了它在TEXT上的应用及其结果。 关键词：     

On the relation between plasma rotation induced by low-frequency resonant magnetic perturbations and transport in ergodic magnetic fields

The penetration of low-frequency resonant magnetic perturbations into a tokamak plasma and their influence on the plasma rotation are analyzed in linear and quaslisinear kinetic approaches. There are two explanations of experimentally observed acceleration of plasma rotation in the direction of the plasma current. First, it is a result of the resonant absorption of the momentum of the perturbation field by the plasma. Second, it is a result of a change in the radial electric field due to the ergodization of the magnetic field and the corresponding increase in the radial electron transport. It is shown that there is no contradiction between these two explanations. These are just two different interpretations of the same phenomenon. Published in Russian in Pis’ma v Zhurnal éksperimental’noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki, 2007, Vol. 86, No. 6, pp. 420–423. The article was translated by the authors.