基于多尺度总体最小二乘的图像去噪

提出了一种基于多尺度总体最小二乘的图像去噪算法.采用平稳小波变换对噪音图像进行分解,分别对各个分解层的高频子带,通过总体最小二乘算法估计信号小波系数;并且考虑到不同尺度小波系数之间的相关性,将尺度相关性约束到总体最小二乘算法中,进而准确估计各高频子带信号小波系数,再由估计的信号小波系数通过小波逆变换得到去噪图像.实验结果表明,考虑尺度间相关性的总体最小二乘平稳小波变换图像去噪算法能有效去除图像噪音,在信噪比和视觉质量上有了较大改善.     

基于多尺度总体最小二乘的图像去噪

提出了一种基于多尺度总体最小二乘的图像去噪算法.采用平稳小波变换对噪音图像进行分解,分别对各个分解层的高频子带,通过总体最小二乘算法估计信号小波系数|并且考虑到不同尺度小波系数之间的相关性,将尺度相关性约束到总体最小二乘算法中,进而准确估计各高频子带信号小波系数,再由估计的信号小波系数通过小波逆变换得到去噪图像.实验结果表明,考虑尺度间相关性的总体最小二乘平稳小波变换图像去噪算法能有效去除图像噪音,在信噪比和视觉质量上有了较大改善.     

一种多光谱与高分辨率全色图像融合新算法

提出了一种新的基于小波变换的多光谱与高分辨率图像融合方法.该方法通过强度因子有效地将高分辨率图像经小波分解的低频分量信息融合到多光谱图像经小波分解的低频分量中去,使得经过小波反变换的融合图像较大程度地保留了多光谱图像的光谱信息和高分辨率图像的空间分辨率.给出了该方法的融合结果,并与小波变换法(WT方法)进行了比较,证明了该图像融合方法的正确和有效性.     

基于经验模态分解滤波的低频振荡Prony分析

传统Prony法在分析低频振荡时对输入信号要求较高,存在着对噪声敏感的弱点.因此提出一种经验模态分解滤波和改进Prony法相结合的低频振荡分析方法.该方法先用经验模态分解对低频振荡信号进行自适应滤波,再用改进Prony法对滤波后的信号进行分析.其中,改进Prony法有效阶数用归一化奇异值法确定.将该方法分别用于分析试验信号和IEEE 4机系统振荡信号,并与基于低通滤波器的Prony分析进行比较.结果表明,在较大噪声环境下,该方法仍然能相对准确的辨识出低频振荡主导模式,验证了其有效性. 关键词： 低频振荡 经验模态分解 改进Prony法 归一化奇异值法     

小波分析在气泡幕散射光信号处理中的应用

选取Daubechies小波对尾流气泡幕散射光信号做一维离散小波变换,小波阶数为3,尺度数Level为5,得到了原始信号的小波分析和重构误差结果.经db3小波分解,散射光信号的低频及高频部分区别不大,可能是信号采集频率过低(×10－1 s)导致的结果.对原始信号进行小波分析容易得到均值、中值、模式、标准差等统计量.通过对散射光信号进行一维平稳小波去噪、小波变换密度估计、小波系数选取等方面的分析,揭示了不同压强下散射光信号具有不同的性质.     

多尺度分析在激光微多普勒效应特征提取中的应用

由于小波变换具有准确度高、抗噪性好等优点,在微多普勒效应探测方面具有很好的应用前景。利用多尺度分析（MRA）将信号进行分解并提取出含有微多普勒效应的低频平滑信息,获取了目标微小振动引起的微多普勒效应。用频谱分析和基于瞬时频率(Instfreq)的时-频域联合分析方法对原始信号及通过MRA分解得到的结果进行了对比研究。结果表明：利用时-频分析对MRA处理后的低频信号进行分析,可更加有效地提取微多普勒效应中振动信号的特征,为目标特征的识别、分类和探测提供了便利。     

基于小波变换的人体步态序列提取

将小波变换用于处理人体行走时产生的加速度信号.利用离散小波变换的多尺度、多分辨率特性对原始加速度信号进行尺度分解,在对小波基以及分解尺度进行合理选取后准确地从加速度信号中提取出隐藏的步态节律.与利用阈值法直接对原始加速度信号提取峰值的算法比较后发现：利用小波分解得到与步态节律相关的特征尺度后再进行峰值检测能显著地提高信号峰值的检出率;即使当原始信号存在较严重的噪声干扰时,该方法也能保证所提取出的步态序列的准确性.这对于步态序列的后续分析具有至关重要的意义.研究表明,离散小波变换是一种有效的提取步态节律的方 关键词： 小波变换 步态序列 峰值检测 特征尺度     

一种基于小波和矩阵型扩散的图像放大

提出了一种基于小波多分辨分析和矩阵型扩散的图像放大方法.该方法把原图像作为放大图像的小波低频子带,初始高频置零小波重构,用矩阵型扩散方程处理后小波分解,得到估计的高频再与原图像重构.在扩散中取矩阵型扩散的扩散系数,选择其特征根,使扩散在垂直于边缘方向梯度较大时为逆扩散以锐化边缘,而沿边缘方向为正向扩散以增强边缘;同时提出了放大图像与原图像的一种相似性标准.该方法在放大图像的同时既去除了噪音又有效保持了边缘.数值实验结果证实,此方法为一个有效地图像放大方法.     

基于小波分解的医学显微图像融合

提出了基于小波分解的医学显微图像融合。通过先将图像进行小波分解,并对小波分解后的不同频率域分别进行了讨论,即分别讨论了选择高频系数和低频系数的原则。选择低频系数时,设计了两种选择方案,即区域能量法和边缘选择法。选择高频系数时,设计了两种选择方案,即区域能量法和目标清晰与模糊判据法。最后选择了在低频系数时采用边缘选择法,在高频系数时采用目标清晰与模糊判据法。从仿真结果的比较来看,在将多个目标聚焦图像融合后,图像能很好地保留多幅原来图像清晰部分的信息,融合后,提高了整幅图像的信噪比,从而获得了整幅高清晰图像。     

基于峰值信噪比和小波方向特性的图像奇异值去噪技术

提出一种利用小波变换子图像不同的方向特性和峰值信噪比进行奇异值分解的图像去噪算法。由于图像经过小波变换后,低频子图像集中了原图像的大部分能量噪声,故仅作简单维纳滤波;而噪声则主要集中在小波域中的三个不同方向的高频子图中,且系数较小,因此可以利用奇异值分解进行去噪处理,即用较大的奇异值和对应的特征向量重构出去噪图像,然而由于奇异值分解固有的行列方向性,对于高频对角线子图重构出的图像去噪效果不理想,故采取旋转至行列方向后再进行常用的奇异值滤波;最后将去噪后的低频和高频子图进行小波反变换重构出最终的去噪图像,其中重构所需的奇异值个数由图像的峰值信噪比确定。 实验结果表明,该方法在有效去噪的同时较好的保留了原有的高频细节信息。     

基于小波变换和维纳滤波的半导体器件1/f噪声滤波

针对半导体器件中普遍存在的1/f噪声提出了一种结合了提升小波变换和维纳滤波器的处理方法.首先利用重新加权迭代最小二乘法拟合1/f噪声的功率谱曲线得到噪声参数的估计,从而选择恰当的小波.其次,对包含了1/f噪声的信号进行提升小波变换.考虑到小波变换对1/f噪声的白化作用,利用维纳滤波器对每一层小波系数进行处理.设计了最优全通滤波器以校正维纳滤波器的相频特性,使得小波系数经滤波后相位不变.最后利用提升小波逆变换获得被1/f噪声淹没的信号.利用实验检验了提出方法的有效性,实验数据采自用于微创外科手术机器人的力传感器.结果表明提出的方法能够有效抑制1/f噪声,并使传感器的分辨力提高了25%. 关键词： 半导体器件 f噪声')" href="#">1/f噪声 提升小波变换 维纳滤波     

Current shot noise characteristics in biphenyl diamine and biphenyl dithiol devices

Current shot noise characteristics, away from their average current, in biphenyl diamine and biphenyl dithiol devices are investigated. The relations among the shot noise and the applied bias, the coupling factors, as well as the alligator clips are revealed. The regular change of the shot noise in biphenyl diamine device and irregular change of the shot noise in biphenyl dithiol device are shown as the coupling strength change from full coupling to weak coupling. It is found that the shot noise suppression in biphenyl diamine device is enhanced at the higher bias. The large differences of the shot noise suppression in the biphenyl dithiol device are revealed.     

复杂混合溶液成分高光谱分析的可行性

采用高光谱技术对复杂混合溶液进行检测分析,同时利用被测物质的吸光度和散射特性信息以提高光谱的信噪比。实验设计了高光谱采集装置,采集生物组织模拟液(Intralipid-10%)的漫反射高光谱图像,并用Monte Carlo方法和漫射近似理论对其进行了正向和反向推导,获得了632nm波长下,Intralipid-10%吸收系数为0.002 0cm-1,与标准参数相对误差为11.1%;约化散射系数为63.35cm-1,与标准参数相对误差为6.49%,基本符合标准参数的误差范围,验证了该高光谱检测系统的准确性。还利用该高光谱系统对不同厂家出品的牛奶、果汁等样本进行了高光谱采集,得到不同样本间差异较传统二维光谱更为明显的结果,充分证明了高光谱方法在复杂混合溶液成分分析中具有很强的可行性。     

基于最大熵原理的小波去噪方法

小波变换去噪中最关键的问题是如何确定小波系数的阈值,使其能够将与噪声和信号相对应的小波系数合理地区分开来。根据概率论的基本原理可以推断,随机序列的细节小波变换系数符合正态分布。基于此结论,可以利用最大熵原理确定一个阈值,使得绝对值小于此阈值的小波系数组成的序列符合正态分布。该阈值在统计意义下能够最佳地区分信号与噪声的小波系数。采用光谱数据的仿真分析以及与其他方法的对比实验证明,这种最大熵小波去噪方法不仅在提高信噪比方面显示出了其优势,而且去噪效果不易受信噪比变化的影响。     

The low-frequency electrical noise as reliability estimation for high power semiconductor lasers

The low-frequency electrical noise of 980 nm InGaAsP/InGaAs/GaAlAs double quantum well (DQW) high power semiconductor lasers (LDs) is measured when the devices are in conducting state and in unconducting state. The correlation between the noise and device reliability is discussed. The results indicate that there is a good relation between the noise and device reliability for most devices. The devices with higher noise are usually unreliable whether the device is in conducting state or in unconducting state.     

Velocity auto-correlation and hot-electron diffusion constant in GaAs and InP

Auto-correlation functions of the fluctuations in the electron velocities transverse and parallel to the applied electric field are calculated by the Monte Carlo method for GaAs and InP at three different values of field strength which are around three times the threshold field for negative differential mobility in each case. From these the frequency-dependent diffusion coefficients transverse and parallel to the applied field and the figure of merit for noise performance when used in a microwave amplifying device are determined. The results indicate that the transverse auto-correlation functionC _t (s) falls nearly exponentially to zero with increasing intervals while the parallel functionC _p (s) falls sharply, attains a minimum and then rises towards zero. In each case a higher field gives a higher rate of fall and makes the correlation functions zero within a shorter interval. The transverses diffusion coefficient falls monotonically with the frequency but the parallel diffusion coefficient generally starts with a low value at low frequencies, rises to a maximum and then falls. InP, with a larger separation between the central and the satellite valleys, has a higher value of the low frequency transverse diffusion coefficient and a lower value of its parallel counterpart. The noise performance of microwave semiconductor amplifying devices depends mainly on the low frequency parallel diffusion constant and consequently devices made out of materials like InP with a large separation between valleys are likely to have better noise characteristics.     

An investigation into the noise generation of CPAP devices: Experimental and numerical study

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices are popularly used for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treatment. However, the noise level emission from these devices has been identified as a potential factor for patient’s discomfort and rejection. There is a need to obtain information on the noise characteristics and source locations in order to tackle the most serious noise source within these devices. A typical CPAP device was used for the investigation and its sound characteristics and sound power levels were determined. The noise generated from a centrifugal fan was also independently investigated to address its contribution to the overall noise of the device. Frequency analysis suggested that the noise generated from both the CPAP device and the fan is broadband in nature with discrete peaks containing rotational and non-rotational components. The broadband components were then studied in detail using numerical simulation approach. Computational aeroacoustics (CAA) method with hybrid approach was used to a three-dimensional (3-D) CPAP fluid model to predict the aerodynamic and aeroacoustics behaviours of the device. This showed a complicated flow structure involving flow separation, rotation, and vortices in several locations which resulted in high level of flow turbulence inside the device. The turbulent components were used to estimate the broadband noise level at source using the broadband noise source (BNS) models. It shows the most critical location is at the fan region and at the fan inlet.     

Invited Review: Superlattice and multiquantum well avalanche photodetectors: physics,concepts and performance

In this paper we review the underlying physical principles behind the workings of superlattice/multiquantum well avalanche photodiodes (APDs), examine various device concepts that have been proposed and developed, and discuss their performance. The basic operation, noise and frequency performance of APDs is discussed both in general and as applied to superlattice/multiquantum well devices. The theory of the impact ionization enhancement across a potential step is reviewed. Both experimental and theoretical studies of the ionization enhancement in the simple and doped multiquantum well APDs are discussed, and the progress to date in their realization is reviewed. We conclude with a summary of the performance features of these devices, including a discussion of device reliability and edge breakdown avoidance.     

小波变换应用于谐波谱线的噪声滤除与基线校正

红外光谱谐波检测系统中的噪声与基线漂移问题一直是光谱处理的热点,提出一种采用小波变换的Mallet分解算法, 解决谐波检测中各种复杂噪声以及基线漂移的问题。选取适当小波函数及分解层次将谐波曲线中含有的噪声和基线漂移与有用信号分解到不同频带;分析频带信息,设定一个检测信息频带, 应用阈值处理及系数置零的方法使频率处于此频带的信息保留下来。小波变换方法可以在一次分解与重构过程中同时去除谐波信号的噪声与基线的双重干扰,从而将谐波信号有效地测量出来。实验证明,应用小波变换进行谐波校正的方法可应用于不同的谐波检测系统,具有普遍适用性。     

基于小波变换的压缩感知理论对水质检测紫外-可见光谱数据的去噪研究

消除噪声影响对提高直接光谱法水质检测系统的测量稳定性和精度都具有重要意义。直接光谱法在线水质检测系统通常采用长寿命、无需预热的脉冲氙灯和适用于复杂检测环境的工业级光谱探测装置。针对整个光谱探测系统受到光源、光路和光电转换器件的严重影响,测定的光谱数据含有大量噪声这一实际问题,提出了基于小波变换的压缩感知去噪算法,并与传统小波阈值去噪方法进行了比较实验。针对化学需氧量为200 mg·L-1的邻苯二甲酸氢钾标液的紫外-可见光谱数据进行去噪处理,采用压缩感知去噪算法,将信号在小波域内分解,得到含噪高频系数;采用随机高斯矩阵作为压缩感知算法的观测矩阵,压缩比设置为2,对高频系数进行观测;选择正交匹配追踪算法恢复高频小波系数的稀疏性,从而达到去噪目的。同时针对传统的小波阈值去噪,采用daubechies4作为小波基的软阈值滤波方法对光谱数据进行去噪处理。为验证去噪算法的可行性,采集某溪水和城市生活污水的光谱信号分别采用以上两种方法进行去噪处理,实验结果表明：基于小波变换的压缩感知去噪算法适用于紫外-可见光谱法在线水质检测系统,该方法能在保留水样原始光谱信号的吸收特征的前提下有效地去噪,且去噪效果优于小波阈值去噪算法。与小波阈值去噪算法相比,信噪比提高了12.201 5 dB,均方根误差减小了0.009 3,峰值信噪比增加了5.299 dB。不仅避免了小波阈值去噪过程中阈值的选取依靠主观判断问题,而且在重构过程中有效地抑制了噪声,为直接光谱法检测水质参数提供了一种新的解决方案。