C16mimBr／Triton X-100混合体系的表面性质和胶团化行为

通过测定表面张力,研究了离子液体型表面活性剂溴化1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑（C16mimBr）和非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100（TX100）混合体系分别在水溶液和20％乙二醇（体积分数）水溶液中的表面性质和胶团化行为．结果表明,混合体系在水溶液和20％乙二醇水溶液中都存在协同效应,乙二醇的加入降低了协同作用,混...     

C_(12)-s-C_(12)·2Br和C_(12)E_n混合水溶液的胶团化行为

季铵盐二聚表面活性剂C12-s-C12·2Br(s=2、3、4、6)和非离子表面活性剂C12E10或C12E23在水溶液中生成混合胶团.其临界胶团总浓度cmcT值介于二元复配体系中各组分的临界胶团浓度cmc01和cmc02之间.当添加少量非离子型表面活性剂(在水溶液中的摩尔分数α2=0.1)时,混合胶团中C12E10或C12E23的摩尔分数均已超过0.35;随着溶液中非离子型表面活性剂含量的增大,混合胶团中逐渐以C12E10或C12E23成分为主.     

Triton X-100/CTAB在乙二醇/水混合溶剂中的热力学性质和胶团化行为

利用表面张力法, 研究了非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100和离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)混合体系在混合极性溶剂乙二醇/水(乙二醇的体积分数分别为5%、10%和20%)中的热力学性质和胶团化行为. 结果表明, 混合体系在乙二醇水溶液中存在协同效应, 临界胶束浓度随乙二醇含量的增加而增大. 利用Rubingh和Maeda模型计算了混合物中各组分在胶团相中的组成、相互作用参数以及自由能的贡献. 在实验研究的乙二醇浓度范围内, 发现该非离子/离子混合体系在离子组分摩尔分数约为0.3时, 协同效应最强.     

界面扩张流变法研究C_(12)mimBr对Gemini12-2-12在空气/水界面聚集行为的影响

采用界面扩张流变技术研究了季铵盐偶联表面活性剂C12-(CH2)2-C12·2Br(Gemini12-2-12)及其与离子液体表面活性剂溴化1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑(C12mim Br)复配体系的动态界面张力、扩张流变性质和界面弛豫过程等,探讨了C12mim Br对C12mim Br/Gemini12-2-12混合体系界面性质的影响及C12mim Br对Gemini12-2-12界面聚集行为影响的机制.结果表明,随着离子液体表面活性剂的不断引入,体系界面吸附达到平衡所需的时间逐渐缩短,扩张模量和相角明显降低,界面吸附膜由粘弹性膜转变为近似纯弹性膜;同时,界面及其附近的弛豫过程也发生显著变化,慢弛豫过程消失,快弛豫过程占主导地位,且离子液体浓度越高,快弛豫的贡献越大.这些界面性质的变化主要归因于离子液体表面活性剂C12mim Br参与界面形成及两表面活性剂在界面竞争吸附的结果.少量离子液体表面活性剂C12mim Br的加入可以填补疏松的Gemini12-2-12界面上的空位,形成混合界面吸附膜.随着C12mim Br含量的增加,嵌入界面的C12mim Br分子数不断增多,导致界面上相互缠绕的Gemini12-2-12烷基链"解缠",在体相和界面分子扩散交换的过程中"解缠"的Gemini12-2-12分子从界面上解吸回到体相,与此同时,C12mim Br分子相对较小的空间位阻及较强的疏水作用促使其优先扩散至界面进而取代Gemini12-2-12分子,最终界面几乎完全被C12mim Br分子所占据.     

分子C_(60)CH_2(C_(2V))气相热力学性质的理论研究

自从富勒烯被发现并能常量制备以来,人们就开始了对Ｃ６０衍生物的研究．Ｃ６０ＣＨ２是Ｃ６０最简单的衍生物之一,Ｃ６０ＣＨ２有２种异构体,根据所属点群的对称性划分一种是属Ｃ２Ｖ群的Ｃ６０ＣＨ２（Ｃ２Ｖ）,另一种是属ＣＳ群的Ｃ６０ＣＨ２（ＣＳ）．文献［１］...     

DMF/水溶液中TDBAC与咪唑型离子液体混合胶束的聚集行为及热力学性质

利用电导法研究了298.15 K时十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(TDBAC)与咪唑型离子液体表面活性剂Cn mim Br(n=12,16)混合胶束性质,考察了极性溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)对TDBAC/C16mim Br混合体系胶束化的影响。结果表明,混合体系在水溶液和DMF水溶液中都存在协同效应。随DMF体积分数的增加,TDBAC/C16mim Br混合体系临界胶束浓度(cmc)增大,而反离子结合度减小。利用胶束理论模型计算了混合胶束的组成、相互作用参数和活度系数,以及胶束形成混合自由能、混合熵和超额自由能等热力学函数。随DMF体积分数增加,协同作用下降,胶束形成的自发性降低。水溶液中混合胶束形成是焓效应与熵效应共同作用的结果,而在20%DMF水溶液中,胶束形成是熵驱动。     

气相反应76/70C_(70)=C_(76)(D_2)热力学函数的计算

采用统计热力学方法计算了气相C76（D2）的标准热力学函数，在此基础上计算了不同温度下气相反应76／70C70＝C76（D2）的热力学函数，讨论了C70与C76（D2）之间相互转化的热力学条件．结果表明，气相中温度低于536K时C70转化为C76（D2），温度高于536K时气相中C76（D2）转化为C70。     

TiO_2的相变和热力学性质(英文)

利用第一性原理平面波赝势密度泛函理论方法对TiO2从金红石结构到萤石结构的相变进行了理论研究,并且通过准谐德拜模型分别得到了金红石和萤石结构TiO2的热力学性质.计算结果与实验值以及其它理论计算的结果都符合得很好,通过吉布斯能的计算得到TiO2从金红石结构到萤石结构的相变压强为47.74GPa,并成功地获得了相对体积(V/V0)、德拜温度(Θ)和热容(CV)随压强(p)和温度(T)的变化关系.     

离子液体型表面活性剂C12mimBr与普通表面活性剂混合性质的研究

研究了离子液体型表面活性剂C12mimBr与阳离子表面活性剂Gemini 12-3-12, DTAB及阴离子表面活性剂SDS复配体系的性质, 并分别采用Rubingh-Margules模型和Rubingh-正规溶液模型计算了临界胶束浓度和混合胶团组成. 研究发现, 两表面活性剂分子结构的匹配性及带电头基之间的相互作用是影响混合溶液性质的主要因素. 对于分子结构差别较大的C12mimBr与Gemini 12-3-12的混合, 其行为远远偏离理想混合性质; 对疏水链长相同仅亲水头基不同的C12mimBr与DTAB则接近于理想混合; 而对C12mimBr＋SDS的复配体系, 正、负电荷间强烈的相互吸引使得混合体系大大偏离理想行为. 计算发现, 两种理论模型得到的混合胶团组成基本一致, 但Rubingh-Margules模型预测的临界胶束浓度比Rubingh-正规溶液模型要好     

磷脂酰胆碱胶团化热力学函数及胶团聚集数的研究

磷脂酰胆碱胶团化热力学函数及胶团聚集数的研究陈鲁生周武姜云生（山东师范大学化学系济南２５００１４）关键词磷脂酰胆碱临界胶团浓度热力学函数聚集数中图分类号Ｏ６４２．１１磷脂酰胆碱是广泛存在于生物体内的一种天然两性表面活性剂，在生物体内起代谢作用和结构形...     

Effect of ethylene glycol on the thermodynamic and micellar properties of Tween 20

The aggregation behaviour of Tween 20 in ethylene glycol-water mixed solvents has been investigated using surface tension, density, static and dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence measurements. Micellar and surface thermodynamics data were obtained from the temperature dependence of critical micelle concentrations in various aqueous mixtures of ethylene glycol. In order to evaluate the influence of the cosolvent, the differences in the Gibbs energies of micellization of Tween 20 between water and binary solvents were determined. This study allowed us to conclude that the ability of ethylene glycol to act as a structure breaker and its interaction with the surfactant hydrophilic group are the controlling factors of the micellization process. From the evaluation of the thermodynamics of adsorption at the solution-air interface, it was determined that the surface activity of the surfactant decreases slightly with increasing concentration of ethylene glycol at a given temperature. Partial specific volume data, obtained by density measurements, indicate that the fraction of solvent molecules interacting with the micelle, via hydrogen bonds, remained roughly constant. The effect of cosolvent on the size and solvation of the aggregates was analysed by means of static and dynamic light scattering measurements. It was found that the aggregation number decreased, whereas the whole micellar solvation increased with the ethylene glycol content. Micellar micropolarity was examined using two different probes, pyrene and 8-anilinonaphthelene-1-sulfonic acid, and was found to increase with ethylene glycol addition, accompanied by an enhanced solvation. Fluorescence polarization measurements found by using coumarin 6 as a hydrophobic probe revealed an increase in the micellar microviscosity. The observed trends in these microenvironmental properties were ascribed to a participation by ethylene glycol in the micellar solvation layer.     

Structural and thermodynamic properties of Au2�C20 clusters

Isolated neutral gold clusters with 2?C20 atoms are studied theoretically using a parametrized density-functional tight-binding method combined with genetic algorithms. The structural and energetic properties are analyzed by studying the total energy per atom, the relative stability, the overall shape, and through a common-neighbor analysis. In addition, the temperature dependence of the vibrational heat capacities of the optimized gold clusters has been studied for the first time. We find the vibrational heat capacity of the clusters to be strongly size dependent at low temperature. For instance, the cluster with 6 atoms has a high vibrational heat capacity at low temperature, a finding rationalized in terms of structure.     

Aggregation and thermodynamic properties of ionic liquid-type gemini imidazolium surfactants with different spacer length

The aggregation behavior and thermodynamic properties of micellization for the ionic liquid-type gemini imidazolium surfactants with different spacer length ([C₁₂–s–C₁₂im]Br₂, s = 2, 4, 6) have been investigated by means of surface tension, electrical conductivity, dynamic light scattering and fluorescence measurements. The values of cmc, γ _cmc, Γ _max, A _min, π _cmc, pc₂₀ and cmc/pc₂₀ suggest that the shorter the spacer, the higher the surface activity of [C₁₂–s–C₁₂im]Br₂ is. The cmc and γ _cmc values are decreased significantly in the presence of sodium halides, and the values decrease in the order NaCl < NaBr < NaI. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization (, , ) indicate that the micellization of [C₁₂–2–C₁₂im]Br₂ and [C₁₂–4–C₁₂im]Br₂ is entropy-driven, whereas aggregation of [C₁₂–6–C₁₂im]Br₂ is enthalpy-driven at lower temperature but entropy-driven at higher temperature. Finally, the fluorescence measurements show that the micropolarity of micelles increases but the aggregation numbers decrease with increasing the spacer length of [C₁₂–s–C₁₂im]Br₂.     

The thermodynamic properties of Al-Si system melts

The thermochemical properties of Al-Si system melts were determined by an improved isoperibolic calorimetry method. The data obtained correlated with the reliable partial and integral enthalpies of mixing reported in the literature. The method developed was used to model the thermodynamic properties of melts with the use of the liquidus coordinates of the phase diagram of the Al-Si system. The modeled and experimental results were in close agreement with each other.     

Excess thermodynamic properties of the 2-propanol + dichloromethane system at 25°C

Densities, viscosities, enthalpies, vapor-liquid equilibria, and surface tensions were determined at 25°C for the 2-propanol+dichloromethane system. From the experimental results excess volumes, viscosities, enthalpies, Gibbs energies, and excess surface tensions were calculated. An attempt has been made to explain the observed deviations from ideal behavior on the basis of intermolecular interactions.     

Phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the system Tl-TlCl-Se

Phase equilibria in the system Tl-Se-Cl were studied in the region Tl-TlCl-Se by DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, emf measurements concentration circuits (−) Tl/glycerol + KCl + TlCl/(Tl-Se-Ce) (+), and microhardness measurements. Several vertical sections, an isothermal section at 400 K, and the liquidus-surface projection were constructed. The primary crystallization regions and homogeneity regions of phases were determined, including the α phase of variable composition based on Tl₅Se₂Cl, the only ternary compound of the system. The types and coordinates of invariant and monovariant equilibria on the T-x-y diagram were determined. From the results of emf measurements, the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and the standard entropy were calculated for the compound Tl₅Se₂Cl. Original Russian Text ￠ D.M. Babanly, Yu.A. Yusibov, M.B. Babanly, 2007, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 819–826.     

Phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the system Tl-TlBr-Se

The system Tl-Se-Br was studied in the region Tl-TlBr-Se by DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, emf measurements, and microhardness measurements. Several vertical sections, the isothermal section at 400 K, and the liquidus-surface projection were constructed. The quasi-binary sections TlBr-Tl₂Se, TlBr-TlSe, Tl₅Se₂Br-Tl, and Tl₅Se₂Br-TlSe allow the system Tl-TlBr-Se to be triangulated into five subordinate triangles. Wide immiscibility regions were discovered in the system, including a three-phase region in subsystem Tl₂Br-Tl₂Se-Se. Homogeneity and primary separation regions were determined, as well as the types and coordinates of invariant and monovariant equilibria on the T-x-y-diagram. From the results of emf measurements, the standard thermodynamic functions of formation were calculated for the compound Tl₅Se₂Br.