Numerical Model of Plasma Confinement

A time-dependent, zero-dimensional computer model with no adjustable parameters, for magnetically confined plasmas, is described. It predicts spatially averaged values of plasma density and electron and ion temperatures, and its predictions compare well with volume averaged measurements made in the Wisconsin Levitated Toroidal Octupole. The model is easily adaptable to predict scaling in other devices.     

Dynamical Model of QCD Vacuum and Quark Confinement

The phase transition of a simple local gauge model is investigated in terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism and it is pointed out that the physical vacuum of QCD is bound state of quark-antiquark pairs which can be viewed, generally, as a nearly perfect color dia-electric medium. An important relation between the vacuum expectation value of gauge fields and scalar fields is also derived by solving the Euler equation for the gauge fields. Based on this relation the SU_C(3) gauge potential is given which can be used to explain the asymptotic behavior and confinement of quarks in a hadron, and at the same time the Yukawa potential of strong interaction can be given too.     

Studying Validity of Single-Fluid Model in Inertial Confinement Fusion

The validity of single-fluid model in inertial confinement fusion simulations is studied by comparing the results of the multi- and single-fluid models. The multi-fluid model includes the effects of collision and interpenetration between fluid species. By simulating the collision of fluid species, steady-state shock propagation into the thin DT gas and expansion of hohlraum Au wall heated by lasers, the results show that the validity of single-fluid model is strongly dependent on the ratio of the characteristic length of the simulated system to the particle mean free path. When the characteristic length L is one order larger than the mean free path A, the single-fluid model＇s results are found to be in good agreement with the multi-fluid model＇s simulations, and the modeling of single-fluid remains valid. If the value of L/A is lower than 10, the interpenetration between fluid species is significant, and the single-fluid simulations show some unphysical results; while the multi-fluid model can describe well the interpenetration and mix phenomena, and give more reasonable results.     

Nonleptonic Interactions of Kaons in the Quark Confinement Model

Nonleptonic, electromagnetic decays of K-mesons and K°–K̄° transition are treated with the effective Hamiltonians with ΔS = 1, 2. Matrix elements of four-quark operators are calculated in the framework of Quark Confinement Model. The account of the intermediate scalar mesons turns out to allow to explain ΔI = 1/2 rule. The account of intermediate scalar and pseudo-scalar states leads to experimental value of mass difference of K_L°–K_S° mesons. The obtained values for nonleptonic and electromagnetic decay widths as well as mass difference Δm_LS are in good agreement with experimental data.     

Stability of Multiquarks in an Improved Flip-Flop Model of Confinement

We review some recent studies on the string model of confinement inspired by the strong-coupling regime of QCD and its application to exotic multiquark configurations. This includes two quarks and two antiquarks, four quarks and one antiquark, six quarks, and three quarks and three antiquarks with a careful treatment of the corresponding few-body problem.     

A Classical Cosmological Model for Triviality

The aim of this paper is to study the triviality of λ ϕ⁴ theory in a classical gravitational model. Starting from a conformal invariant scalar tensor theory with a self-interaction term λ ϕ⁴, we investigate the effect of a conformal symmetry breaking emerging from the gravitational coupling of the large-scale distribution of matter in the universe. Taking in this cosmological symmetry breaking phase the infinite limit of the maximal length (the size of the universe) and the zero limit of the minimal length (the Planck length) implies triviality, i.e. a vanishing coupling constant λ. It suggests that the activity of the self-interaction term λ ϕ⁴ in the cosmological context implies that the universe is finite and a minimal fundamental length exists.     

Quantum Phenomena in a Classical Model

This work is part of a program which has the aim to investigate which phenomena can be explained by nonlinear effects in classical mechanics and which ones require the new axioms of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we construct a nonlinear field equation which admits soliton solutions. These solitons exibit a dynamics which is similar to that of quantum particles.     

Quark-Quark Interaction with Confinement Terms in a QCD-Based Model Field Theory

Based on the determined bilocal field in the global color symmetry model, the effective quark-quark interaction is deduced explicitly in this letter. The result shows that, except for the normal one-π and one-σ exchange terms, the confinement terms with screening factors can automatically be obtained.     

SUSY Confinement

In response to the present status that searching for SUSY particles has been unsuccessful, we propose a bold scenario that SUSY particles are confined inside hadrons with a required condition of PR = 1 in analog to the color confinement for quarks. The scenario seems to be able to reconcile the beautiful SUSY theory and non-observation at present experiments. On other aspects, some loopholes in the proposal emerge and require to be answered in the future research.     

Effects of Atomic Mixing in Inertial Confinement Fusion by MultifluidInterpenetration Mix Model

The effects of atomic-level mixing are systemically investigated in a multifluid interpenetration mix model, and results are compared with the single-fluid model's simulations and experimental data. It is shown that increasing the model free parameter α, shock Mach number, and the initial density discontinuity makes the mix length and fraction of mixing particle increase, resulting in the lower shock temperatures compared with the results of single-fluid model without mixing. Recent high-compressibility direct-drive spherical implosions on OMEGA are simulated by the interpenetration mix model. The calculations with atomic mixing between fuel and shell match quite well with the observations. Without considering any mixing, the calculated neutron yields and ion temperatures are overpredicted; while inclusion of the interpenetration mix model with the adjustable parameter α could fit the simulated neutron yields and ion temperatures well with experimental data.     

SUSY Confinement

In response to the present status that searching for SUSY particles has been unsuccessful, we propose a bold scenario that SUSY particles are confined inside hadrons with a required condition of P_R=1 in analog to the color confinement for quarks. The scenario seems to be able to reconcile the beautiful SUSY theory and non-observation at present experiments. On other aspects, some loopholes in the proposal emerge and require to be answered in the future research.     

The Calogero-Sutherland Model and Generalized Classical Polynomials

Multivariable generalizations of the classical Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials occur as the polynomial part of the eigenfunctions of certain Schr?dinger operators for Calogero-Sutherland-type quantum systems. For the generalized Hermite and Laguerre polynomials the multidimensional analogues of many classical results regarding generating functions, differentiation and integration formulas, recurrence relations and summation theorems are obtained. We use this and related theory to evaluate the global limit of the ground state density, obtaining in the Hermite case the Wigner semi-circle law, and to give an explicit solution for an initial value problem in the Hermite and Laguerre case. Received: 16 August 1996 / Accepted: 21 January 1997     

An Order Model for Infinite Classical States

In 2002 Coecke and Martin (Research Report PRG-RR-02-07, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, 2002) created a model for the finite classical and quantum states in physics. This model is based on a type of ordered set which is standard in the study of information systems. It allows the information content of its elements to be compared and measured. Their work is extended to a model for the infinite classical states. These are the states which result when an observable is applied to a quantum system. When this extended order is restricted to a finite number of coordinates, the model of Coecke and Martin is obtained. The infinite model retains many desirable aspects of the finite model, such as pure states as maximal elements and expected behavior of thermodynamic entropy. But it looses some of the important domain theoretic aspects, such as having a least element and exactness. Shannon entropy is no longer defined over the entire model and both it and thermodynamic entropy cease to be a measurements in the sense of Martin.     

Confinement of triality

It is shown that matrix elements computed between the physical states in gauge theories have one of the following features. particles carrying center charges are either confined or propagating but their charge is screened completely by some unusual states of the gauge field. Thus the center charge is permanently confined. The deconfined screened matrix elements support particles with unusual spin-statistics.     

Effects of Atomic Mixing in Inertial Confinement Fusion by Multifluid Interpenetration Mix Model

The effects of atomic-level rnixing are systemically investigated in a multifluid interpenetration mix model ,and results are compared with the single-fluid model＇s simulations and experimental data. It is shown that increasing the model free parameter α, shock Mach number, and the initial density discontinuity makes the mix length and fraction of mixing particle increase, resulting in the lower shock temperatures compared with the results of single-fluid model without mixing. Recent high-compressibility direct-drive spherical implosions on OMEGA are simulated by the interpenetration mix modal. The calculations with atomic mixing between fuel and shell match quite well with the observations. Without considering any mixing, the calculated neutron yields and ion temperatures are overpredicted; while inclusion of the interpenetration mix model with the adjustable parameter α could fit the simulated neutron yields and ion temperatures well with experimental data.     

Symmetry and Integrability in the Classical Model of Zitterbewegung

We extended the Barut’s classical model of zitterbewegung from 3+1 dimensional spacetime into 2+1 and 1+1 dimensional spacetimes and discussed the symmetry and integrability properties of the model in 2+1, 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions. In these cases, the free particle current or the velocity of the particle can be decomposed as a constant convection current and polarization currents.