CONSERVATION LAWS FOR SELF-ADJOINT FIRST-ORDER EVOLUTION EQUATION

We consider the problem on group classification and conservation laws for first-order evolution equations. Subclasses of these general equations which are quasi-self-adjoint and self-adjoint are obtained. By using the recent new conservation theorem due to Ibragimov, conservation laws for equations admiting self-adjoint equations are established. The results are illustrated applying them to the inviscid Burgers equation. In particular an infinite number of new symmetries of this equation are found.     

On symmetries,conservation laws and exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger–Hirota equation

In this paper, conservation laws and exact solution are found for nonlinear Schrödinger–Hirota equation. Conservation theorem is used for finding conservation laws. We get modified conservation laws for given equation. Modified simple equation method is used to obtain the exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger–Hirota equation. It is shown that the suggested method provides a powerful mathematical instrument for solving nonlinear equations in mathematical physics and engineering.     

Infinitesimal symmetries and conservation laws of the DNLSE hierarchy and the Noether's theorem

The hierarchy of integrable nonlinear equations associated with the quadratic bundle is considered. The expressions for the solution of linearization of these equations and their conservation law in the terms of solutions of corresponding Lax pairs are found. It is shown for the first member of the hierarchy that the conservation law is connected with the solution of linearized equation due to the Noether's theorem. The local hierarchy and three nonlocal ones of the infinitesimal symmetries and conservation laws explicitly expressed through the variables of the nonlinear equations are derived.     

Lie point symmetries,conservation laws,and analytical solutions of a generalized time-fractional Sawada–Kotera equation

Under investigation in this work is the invariance properties of the time-fractional generalized Sawada–Kotera equation, which can describe motion of long waves in shallow water under gravity and in a one-dimensional nonlinear lattice. With the help of the Lie symmetry analysis method of fractional differential equations, we strictly derive the vector fields and symmetry reductions of the equation. Furthermore, based on the power series theory, an effective method is presented to succinctly construct its analytical solutions. Finally, using the new conservation theorem, the conservation laws of the equation are well constructed with a detailed derivation.     

Conservation laws and normal forms of evolution equations

We study local conservation laws for evolution equations in two independent variables. In particular, we present normal forms for the equations admitting one or two low-order conservation laws. Examples include Harry Dym equation, Korteweg-de Vries-type equations, and Schwarzian KdV equation. It is also shown that for linear evolution equations all their conservation laws are (modulo trivial conserved vectors) at most quadratic in the dependent variable and its derivatives.     

Potential Symmetries and Associated Conservation Laws to Fokker-Planck and Burgers Equation

Kara and Mahomed have derived an identity, which does not rely on use of a Lagrangian as needed to obtain conservation laws by Noethers theorem. By using the identity and symbolic computation, conservation laws arising from nonlocal symmetries are obtained for Fokker-Planck equation and burgers equation.     

Conservation Law Classification and Integrability of Generalized Nonlinear Second-Order Equation

This paper is concerned with the generalized nonlinear second-order equation. By the direct construction method, all of the first-order multipliers of the equation are obtained, and the corresponding complete conservation laws (CLs) of such equations are provided. Furthermore, the integrability of the equation is considered in terms of the conservation laws. In addition, the relationship of multipliers and symmetries of the equations is investigated.     

Second Order Integrability Conditions for Difference Equations: An Integrable Equation

Integrability conditions for difference equations admitting a second order formal recursion operator are presented and the derivation of symmetries and canonical conservation laws are discussed. In a generic case, some of these conditions yield nonlocal conservation laws. A new integrable equation satisfying the second order integrability conditions is presented and its integrability is established by the construction of symmetries, conservation laws and a 3 × 3 Lax representation. Finally, via the relation of the symmetries of this equation to the Bogoyavlensky lattice, an integrable asymmetric quad equation and a consistent pair of difference equations are derived.     

Symmetry Analysis and Conservation Laws for the Hunter-Saxton Equation

In this paper,the problem of determining the most general Lie point symmetries group and conservation laws of a well known nonlinear hyperbolic PDE in mathematical physics called the Hunter-Saxton equation(HSE) is analyzed.By applying the basic Lie symmetry method for the HSE,the classical Lie point symmetry operators are obtained.Also,the algebraic structure of the Lie algebra of symmetries is discussed and an optimal system of onedimensional subalgebras of the HSE symmetry algebra which creates the preliminary classification of group invariant solutions is constructed.Particularly,the Lie invariants as well as similarity reduced equations corresponding to infinitesimal symmetries are obtained.Mainly,the conservation laws of the HSE are computed via three different methods including Boyer's generalization of Noether's theorem,first homotopy method and second homotopy method.     

Affine symmetry,geodesics, and homogeneous spacetimes

We show that the conservation laws for the geodesic equation which are associated to affine symmetries can be obtained from symmetries of the Lagrangian for affinely parametrized geodesics according to Noether’s theorem, in contrast to claims found in the literature. In particular, using Aminova’s classification of affine motions of Lorentzian manifolds, we show in detail how affine motions define generalized symmetries of the geodesic Lagrangian. We compute all infinitesimal proper affine symmetries and the corresponding geodesic conservation laws for all homogeneous solutions to the Einstein field equations in four spacetime dimensions with each of the following energy–momentum contents: vacuum, cosmological constant, perfect fluid, pure radiation, and homogeneous electromagnetic fields.     

广义经典力学系统的Hojman守恒定理

研究广义经典力学系统的对称性与守恒定理.利用常微分方程在无限小变换下的不变性，建 立了系统在高维增广相空间中仅依赖于正则变量的Lie对称变换，并直接由系统的Lie对称性得到了系统的一类守恒律.实际上，这是Hojman的守恒定理对广义经典力学系统的推广.举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 广义经典力学 对称性 守恒定理     

Auxiliary Lagrangian and Conservation Laws for a Wave Equation Incorporating Dissipation

In this work we study the Lagrangian and the conservation laws for a wave equation with a dissipative source. Using semi-inverse method, we show that the equation possesses a nonlocal Lagrangian with an auxiliary function.As a result, from a modified Noether's theorem and the nonclassical Noether symmetry generators, we construct some conservation laws for this equation, which are different from the ones obtained by Ibragimov's theorem in [Y. Wang and L. Wei, Abstr. App. Anal. 2013(2013) 407908]. The results show that our method work for arbitrary functions f(u)and g(u) rather than special ones.     

CONSERVATION LAWS FOR HEATED LAMINAR RADIAL LIQUID AND FREE JETS

The conserved quantities for the heated radial liquid jet and the heated radial free jet are established by using conservation laws. The flow in a heated radial jet is described by Prandtl's momentum boundary layer equation, the continuity equation and the energy equation. Viscous dissipation is neglected. The multiplier approach is used to derive the conservation laws for the system of three equations for the velocity components and the temperature and three conserved vectors are obtained. The conservation laws for the system of two partial differential equations for the stream function formulation are also computed by the multiplier approach and three conserved vectors are obtained. One of these is a non-local conserved vector for the system. The conserved quantities for the heated radial liquid jet and the heated radial free jet, emitted into a stationary fluid of uniform temperature θ_∞, are derived by integrating the conservation laws across the jet.     

Integrating Factors and Conservation Laws for Relativistic Mechanical System

In this paper, we present a new method to construct the conservation laws for relativistic mechanical systems by finding corresponding integrating factors. First, the Lagrange equations of relativisticmechanical systems are established, and the definition of integrating factors of the systems is given; second, the necessary conditions for the existence of conserved quantities of the relativistic mechanical systems are studied in detail, and the relation between the conservation laws and the integrating factors of the systems is obtained and the generaized Killing equations for the determination of the integrating factors are given; finally, the conservation theorem and its inverse for the systems are established, and an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Integrating Factors and Conservation Laws for Relativistic Mechanical System

In this paper, we present a new method to construct the conservation laws for relativistic mechanical systems by finding corresponding integrating factors. First, the Lagrange equations of relativistic mechanical systems are established, and the definition of integrating factors of the systems is given; second, the necessary conditions for the existence of conserved quantities of the relativistic mechanical systems are studied in detail, and the relation between the conservation laws and the integrating factors of the systems is obtained and the generalized Killing equations for the determination of the integrating factors are given; finally, the conservation theorem and its inverse for the systems are established, and an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Integrating the geodesic equations in the Schwarzschild and Kerr space-times using Beltrami's “geometrical” method

We revisit a little known theorem due to Beltrami, through which the integration of the geodesic equations of a curved manifold is accomplished by a method which, even if inspired by the Hamilton-Jacobi method, is purely geometric. The application of this theorem to the Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics leads straightforwardly to the general solution of their geodesic equations. This way of dealing with the problem is, in our opinion, very much in keeping with the geometric spirit of general relativity. In fact, thanks to this theorem we can integrate the geodesic equations by a geometrical method and then verify that the classical conservation laws follow from these equations.     

SL(2,C) gauge theory of gravitation: Conservation laws

Conservation laws in the SL(2,C) gauge theory of gravitation are reviewed and their relation to the ordinary conservation laws in general relativity theory is discussed. The vector currents that were proposed by different authors along the lines of the Yang-Mills conserved vector current are discussed and their interrelation is given. Likewise Lagrangian densitiies, from which one obtains the SL(2,C) gauge theory gravitational field equations, are discussed and related to the conservation laws through Noether's theorem.     

广义(3+1)维Zakharov-Kuznetsov方程的对称约化、精确解和守恒律

运用李群分析,得到了广义(3+1)维Zakharov-Kuznetsov(ZK)方程的对称及约化方程,结合齐次平衡原理,试探函数法和指数函数法得到了该方程的群不变解和新精确解,包括冲击波解、孤立波解等.进一步给出了广义(3+1)维ZK方程的伴随方程和守恒律.     

Nonlocal conserved quantities,balance laws,and equations of motion

A formalism is developed whereby balance laws are directly obtained from nonlocal (integrodifferential) linear second-order equations of motion for systems described by several dependent variables. These laws augment the equations of motion as further useful information about the physical system and, under certain conditions, are shown to reduce to conservation laws. The formalism can be applied to physical systems whose equations of motion may be relativistic and either classical or quantum. It is shown to facilitate obtaining global conservation laws for quantities which include energy and momentum. Applications of the formalism are given for a nonlocal Schrödinger equation and for a system of local relativistic equations of motion describing particles of arbitrary integral spin.     

Lie symmetry analysis,conservation laws and analytical solutions for a generalized time-fractional modified KdV equation

In this paper, a generalized time fractional modified KdV equation is investigated, which is used for representing physical models in various physical phenomena. By Lie group analysis method, the invariance properties and the vector fields of the equation are presented. Then the symmetry reductions are provided. Moreover, we construct the explicit solutions of the equation by using sub-equation method. Based on the power series theory, the approximate analytical solution for the equation are also constructed. Finally, the new conservation theorem is applied to constructed conservation laws for the equation.