超声提取-高效液相色谱法测定热敏纸中双酚A的含量北大核心CSCD

近年来北京产业结构调整,新产业、新科技不断出现,存在职业病危害的行业由生产制造业向科技行业、现代服务业领域蔓延,在逐步控制传统职业病趋势下,应重视、预防和控制“新型职业病”所带来的危害[1]。热敏纸中的双酚A是城市发展中不可忽略的一项“新型职业病”危害,暴露途径有很多种,比如职业性暴露、膳食暴露、医源性暴露、环境暴露等。双酚A是一种内分泌干扰物,经皮肤进入人体,长期接触会严重扰乱人体激素分泌,甚至致癌、致畸、致突变[2-3]。     

皮肤的化学和皮肤的保护

本文介绍了皮肤的结构、功能的一般化学基础，讨论了化学物质的经皮吸收和引起的病变特别是各种职业病的化学特征，提供了皮肤保健如消毒、杀菌、护肤、美容等的有关化学信息。     

信息系统在疾控工作中的应用效果

浅析信息系统在疾病预防控制机构中的应用,天津市滨海新区汉沽疾病预防控制中心(以下简称为汉沽疾控)为公众提供公共卫生服务,积极引进启用了多种应用管理信息系统,分别应用于中国疾病预防控制信息系统、职业病健康查体管理系统、预防性健康查体管理系统、疫苗管理系统、计划免疫管理系统、财务信息系统等实际业务工作中,提高了工作效率和工作质量。     

苯酚、马尿酸和甲基马尿酸的反相高效液相色谱分析

本文提出了人体内苯、甲苯和二甲苯的代谢产物苯酚、马尿酸和甲基马尿酸的反相高效液相色谱分析法,讨论了其保留机制和样品预处理技术.以ODS为固定相,甲醇-水-醋酸为流动相时可实现良好分离.方法回收率为97.3%,相对标准偏差为1.02%.提出的方法可用于尿样分析,适用于临床与职业病防治的监测分析.     

人体尿液中尿酸、马尿酸和高香草酸的反相液相色谱(RPLC)测定

近年来尿酸(UA)、马尿酸(HA)和高香草酸(HVA)等尿中有机酸的高效液相色谱测定发展非常迅速。UA,HA在尿中含量的变化可反映肝脏、肾脏的实质性病变,恶性贫血和某些肿瘤病人尿中HVA的含量会显著增高。某些职业病,如甲苯、铅中毒也会引起它们含量的明显变化,因此可把它们作为这些疾病临床化验的指     

为防止化学企业中的职业中毒及伤亡事故而努力

(一)在一切化学工厂中,只有当生产过程全部机械化和自动化的情形下,才能够从根本上防止外伤、火灾、职业病及中毒现象。但是,这种用最新技术装备起来的新型化学企业,在我们中国,目前还只存在于设计书上或施工图纸上。在第一个五年经济建设计划当中,这种新型化学工厂的建立也为数很少。而绝大部分的化学工厂都是旧中国遗留下来的。这些旧企业在设计或建厂当时,就很少从安全     

N,N-双(α-氰乙基)甲酰胺键合硅胶涂层毛细管柱用于烷、烯烃中芳烃的分离

芳烃如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等是石油化工产品的重要原料,因此,分析油品中芳烃的含量是了解油品成分和芳烃资源的一个重要手段。此外在劳动保护职业病研究中也要求分析有关环境中烃类尤其是芳烃的含量。由于芳烃和其他烷、烯烃共存时组成的复杂性,同时迄今尚缺乏对烷、烯、芳烃有特殊选择性的高灵敏色谱检测器,因而发展高选择性、高效和快速地分离复杂烃类中芳烃的色谱柱和方法具有重要的实际意义。文献上曾有人采用Rohrsch-     

三溴偶氮胂与稀土元素显色反应研究(Ⅰ)——人发中痕量稀土元素的测定

人发中痕量稀土的分析对环境监测和职业病诊断、稀土微肥的推广应用具有重要意义。L.S.Chuang等曾用中子活化法和质谱分析法进行测定。迄今为止,还未见用分光光度法进行测定的报导。三溴偶氮胂[2-(2-胂酸基苯偶氮)-7-(2,4,6-三溴苯偶氮)-1。8-二羟基-3.6二磺酸萘](简称TBA)是一个优良的稀土总量试剂[摩尔吸光系     

应用F732测汞仪对尿、血中汞的测定及其与双硫腙法的比较研究

尿中汞的测定,是职业病汞中毒的诊断治疗中的一项重要工作,长期以来,国内均采用双硫腙-氯仿萃取比色测定。在实践中,存在着双硫腙-氯仿萃取物的变黄,以及其他金属离子干扰等问题。另外,对分析工作者来说,长期经常接触氯仿,难免对健康引起不同程度的影响。近年来,园内外先后应用原子吸收法代替双硫腙法测定含汞化合物中的汞,该法操作简便,且所用试剂不多。为此,我们应用国产F732测汞仪,探讨对尿、     

《实用元素医学》征订

《实用元素医学》由中国微量元素医学会主任委员、教授颜世铭、洪昭毅 ,《广东微量元素科学》杂志主编李增禧任主编 ,教授陈秀娜、郭维新任副主编。本书全面系统地阐述了微量元素基础知识 ,6种常量元素、 1 4种人体必需微量元素的代谢、生化功能、生理作用以及与健康和疾病的关系 ,元素中毒的防治。本书还详尽介绍了微量元素与各系统常见病、多发病的关系 ,包括与疾病发生、发展的关系 ,在疾病诊断、鉴别诊断、预后估计、转归预测以及预防和治疗中的应用。涉及儿科、内科、妇产科、眼科、皮肤科以及职业病和地方病等多科疾病。具有新颖性、…     

Breath analysis: trends in techniques and clinical applications

Over the last few years, breath analysis for the routine monitoring either of metabolic disorders caused by specific diseases or occupational exposure to toxic substances has become more and more attractive due to its noninvasiveness.Several approaches have been proposed for sample collection, treatment, and analysis. This paper gives a critical overview of the analytical devices and procedures used for breath analysis. Results on the identification of chemicals in human breath for a selection of diseases are discussed.     

Study of occupational health impact of atmospheric pollution on exposed workers at an iron and steel complex by using neutron activation analysis of scalp hair

The occupational health impact of atmospheric pollution on exposed workers at one iron and steel complex was studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis of workers' hair samples and medical examination. The experimental results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the high inhalation amounts of iron and other trace elements by the exposed workers and the symptom of their high blood pressure and hypoglycemia, which implies that the atmospheric environment polluted by iron and steel industry has an adverse health impact on the exposed workers. The measures to relieve and abate the occupational diseases caused by air-borne particulate matter should be taken     

Some aspects of the effect of aluminum and its compounds on living organisms

The data on toxicity of aluminum compounds to various organisms were collected and summarized. The problems of occupational diseases in workers exposed to aluminum compounds in the production process were considered. The data of experimental researches on animals obtained for different aluminum compounds were summarized.     

Determination of dithiocarbamate pesticides in occupational hygiene sampling devices using the isooctane method and comparison with an automatic thermal desorption (ATD) method

Two new methods for the determination of dithiocarbamate pesticides in occupational hygiene sampling devices are described. Dithiocarbamate spiked occupational hygiene sampling devices, consisting of glass fibre (GF/A) filters, cotton pads, cotton gloves and disposable overalls, were reduced under acidic conditions and the CS2 evolved as a decomposition product was extracted into isooctane. The isooctane was then analysed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, for CS2, which provided a quantitative result for dithiocarbamates. Recoveries obtained were generally within a 70-110% range and reproducibilities better than 15% RSD were typically achieved. The method has been successfully applied to samples collected during occupational exposure surveys. A second method employing automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ATD-GC-MS) has also been developed and applied to the direct analysis of GF/A (airborne) samples. The method relies on the thermal degradation of dithiocarbamates to release CS2, which is used to quantify the analytes. Thiram spiked GF/A filters gave an average recovery of 107% with an RSD of 4%. The performance of the two analytical methods were directly compared by analysing sub-portions of GF/A filters collected during a survey to evaluate occupational exposures to thiram during seed treatment operations. Both methods performed well for the analysis of airborne (GF/A) samples and produced results in good agreement. ATD-GC-MS is the preferred method for studies involving GF/A (airborne) samples only. Because of the wider applicability of the isooctane method for other sampling devices, it is the preferred choice when carrying out surveys which require a dermal as well as respirable exposure assessment.     

Implementation of ISO 9002 for research in occupational epidemiology

 The Department of Epidemiology, which forms part of the French National Institute for Research and Safety (INRS), is involved in research on occupational risks. It provides results of industry-based epidemiological studies focused on the relationship between occupational exposure and diseases of the respiratory system, central and peripheral nervous systems and cancer. This paper describes the Quality Assurance System developed by our department, which has been successfully maintained and extended since being granted ISO 9002 certification by the French Association for Quality Assurance. The quality system includes procedures specific to epidemiological study conduct and scientific peer reviews. It has been designed in order to meet the required ISO elements, including quality aims and policy, quality procedures for management of personnel, sub-contractors and facilities, nonconformities, corrective and preventive actions, archiving and traceability and planning of internal quality audits. Improvements in management, technical and service quality have resulted from this process. Although epidemiological studies differ markedly from industrial production for which the standards were originally drawn up, we have found that Quality Assurance is both applicable and useful in epidemiological research on occupational risks. Therefore, we conclude that a certified Quality Assurance Scheme including scientific peer reviews can be recommended to ensure reliable epidemiological results. Received: 22 July 1998 · Accepted: 5 October 1998     

Determination of vinclozolin metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection

A sensitive and reliable method to assess occupational exposure to vinclozolin based on biomonitoring principles has been elaborated. The conditions for pretreating the human urinary samples were chosen in such a way that vinclozolin metabolites containing the intact 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) moiety are completely degraded into this amine by means of basic hydrolysis. After addition of 3,4-DCA as an internal standard, steam distillation and extraction, the analysis is carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. The determination limit is 5 microg 3,5-DCA/l urine. The method turned out to be sensitive enough to quantify not only occupational but also nutritional excretions of 3,5-DCA containing metabolites to some extent. Interpreting these results, which are verified by an independent method, it must be considered that in addition to vinclozolin some further crop protection agents are also based on the 3,5-DCA moiety.     

Curcumin: an anti-inflammatory molecule from a curry spice on the path to cancer treatment

Oxidative damage and inflammation have been pointed out in preclinical studies as the root cause of cancer and other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, etc. Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that cancer could be prevented or significantly reduced by treatment with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs, therefore, curcumin, a principal component of turmeric (a curry spice) showing strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, might be a potential candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. However, curcumin, a highly pleiotropic molecule with an excellent safety profile targeting multiple diseases with strong evidence on the molecular level, could not achieve its optimum therapeutic outcome in past clinical trials, largely due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Curcumin can be developed as a therapeutic drug through improvement in formulation properties or delivery systems, enabling its enhanced absorption and cellular uptake. This review mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin and recent developments in dosage form and nanoparticulate delivery systems with the possibilities of therapeutic application of curcumin for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.     

Two New Isoflavones from Caragana Microphylla Lam

Caragana Microphylla lam. is a traditional Chinese folk medicine for promoting blood circle, treating hypertension and also can be used for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases1,but little is known about its chemical constituents except for several flavones. We have carried out a detailed chemical investigation of its stems and roots and have isolated tow new isoflavones     

Traditional medicine in Syria: folk medicine in Aleppo governorate

The use of Traditional Arabic Medicine (TAM) for various diseases has been popular but scarcely studied in Syria. In the present study, we carried out ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological research on the plants traditionally used to cure various diseases in northern Syria. The information was collected from the city and villages of the Aleppo governorate "Mohaafazah" in the north of Syria, collecting data directly on the basis of a detailed survey of inhabitants and herbalists. In this survey, we found that hundreds of plant species are still in use in TAM for the treatment of various diseases. We selected the most common 100 species, used in the treatment of more than 25 diseases. Among these plants, 53 are used for treating gastrointestinal disorders, 38 for respiratory system diseases, including asthma, bronchitis and cough, 34 for skin diseases, 21 for diabetes, 17 for kidney and urinary disorders, 16 for cardiac disorders, 14 for infertility and sexual impotency, 13 for treating liver diseases, 13 for several types of cancer, 9 for enhancing breast milk excretion, 8 for weight loss, 5 for reducing cholesterol, and three for weight gain. Plants were collected and identified: scientific Latin names, local names, the used parts of the plant, the herbal preparations and the local medical uses are described. Scientific literature concerning the activity of the investigated species is also reported and discussed according to their traditional uses.     

Determination of vinclozolin metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection

A sensitive and reliable method to assess occupational exposure to vinclozolin based on biomonitoring principles has been elaborated. The conditions for pretreating the human urinary samples were chosen in such a way that vinclozolin metabolites containing the intact 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) moiety are completely degraded into this amine by means of basic hydrolysis. After addition of 3,4-DCA as an internal standard, steam distillation and extraction, the analysis is carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. The determination limit is 5 g 3,5-DCA/l urine. The method turned out to be sensitive enough to quantify not only occupational but also nutritional excretions of 3,5-DCA containing metabolites to some extent. Interpreting these results, which are verified by an independent method, it must be considered that in addition to vinclozolin some further crop protection agents are also based on the 3,5-DCA moiety.