氧化铟掺铪红外透明导电薄膜

采用射频磁控溅射与退火工艺相结合的方法,分别在石英和硒化锌(ZnSe)衬底上制备了掺铪氧化铟(IHfO)薄膜,掺杂比例In2O3∶HfO2为98wt.%∶2wt.%.测试了薄膜的组成结构和3～5μm红外波段的光电性质,分析了退火温度、薄膜厚度和氧气流速对薄膜性能的影响.X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱表明,制备的IHfO薄膜具有氧化铟的立方体结构,掺杂铪并没有影响氧化铟的生长方向,但是减小了晶格间距,铪与铟外层电子形成新的杂化轨道.傅里叶变换红外光谱表明,随着退火温度的增加,IHfO薄膜在3～5μm波段的透过率逐渐下降,沉积在ZnSe衬底上的薄膜具有更平稳的透过率,厚度为100nm薄膜在3～5μm波段平均透过率为68%.测试霍尔效应表明,随着氧气流速的增加,IHfO薄膜电阻率逐渐增加,载流子浓度减小,霍尔迁移率变化不明显.晶界散射是影响IHfO薄膜迁移率的主要因素,当氧气流速为0.3sccm时,薄膜最佳电阻率为3.3×10~(-2)Ω·cm.与透可见光波段的导电氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜相比,制备的IHfO薄膜可以应用在3～5μm红外波段检测气体,红外制导等领域.     

高透过率红外窗口保护薄膜的研制

在Si、Ge红外窗口上利用离子辅助电子束蒸发技术和RF-PECVD技术制备了具有高透过率的AR／DLC保护薄膜,并与单层DLC保护薄膜的光学性能进行了对比。所制备的高透过率保护薄膜达到如下性能：在3～5μm波段,Si基底上一面镀高效红外增透膜一面镀AR／DLC增强型保护薄膜的平均透过率达到约96％,较之镀DLC膜平均透过率提高了约4％。在8～12μm波段,Ge基底上一面镀高效红外增透膜一面镀AR／DLC增强型保护薄膜的平均透过率达到约95％,较之镀DLC膜平均透过率提高了约5％。有关薄膜样品都通过了相应的环境试验。     

沉积工艺条件对金刚石薄膜红外椭偏光学性质的影响

采用红外椭圆偏振光谱仪对不同工艺条件下制备的CVD金刚石薄膜在红外波长范围内的光学参量进行了测量，分析了工艺条件对金刚石薄膜红外光学性质的影响.获得了最佳的沉积工艺参数，优化了薄膜的制备工艺.结果表明薄膜的折射率和消光系数与薄膜质量密切相关，当温度为750℃，碳源浓度为0.9%和压强为4.0 kPa时，金刚石薄膜的红外椭偏光学性质最佳，折射率平均值为2.385，消光系数在10^-4范围内，在红外波段具有良好的透过性. 关键词： 薄膜光学 红外光学性质 工艺条件 金刚石薄膜     

柔性有机电致发光器件导电基板的工艺性能

在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)柔性衬底上采用直流磁控溅射技术制备了氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电薄膜,研究了衬底温度、溅射功率和溅射压强等工艺条件对薄膜光电性能的影响,并利用原子力显微镜(AFM)表征了衬底及ITO薄膜的表面形貌。结果表明,在PET衬底温度50℃、溅射功率100W和溅射压强2.66×10-1Pa的条件下,可以得到低方阻(50Ω/□)和高透过率(>90%)的透明导电薄膜。以此柔性ITO衬底为阳极,制备了结构为PET/ITO/NPB/Alq3/Mg∶Ag的柔性有机电致发光器件,在驱动电压为13V时,器件的发光亮度达到了2834cd/m2。     

基于金属掺杂ITO透明导电层的紫外LED制备

为降低ITO薄膜对紫外波段的光吸收,制备低电压高功率的紫外LED,研究了一种基于金属掺杂ITO透明导电层的365 nm紫外LED的制备工艺。利用1 cm厚的石英片生长了不同厚度ITO薄膜以及在ITO上掺杂不同金属的新型薄膜,并研究了在不同的退火条件下这种薄膜的电阻和透过率,分析了掺杂金属ITO薄膜的带隙变化。将这种掺杂的ITO薄膜生长在365 nm外延片上并完成电极生长,制备成14 mil×28 mil的正装LED芯片。利用电致发光（EL）设备对LED光电性能进行测试并对比。实验结果表明:掺Al金属的ITO薄膜能够相对ITO薄膜的带隙提高0.15 eV。在600℃退火后,方块电阻降低6.2 Ω/□,透过率在356 nm处达到90.8%。在120 mA注入电流下,365 nm LED的电压降低0.3 V,功率提高14.7%。ITO薄膜掺金属能够影响薄膜带隙,改变紫光LED光电性能。     

自支撑Zr膜制备及软X射线透过性能研究

软X射线波段滤光膜材料大都为自支撑金属薄膜,实验室环境下自支撑薄膜长期与空气接触表面易氧化,空气中的杂质原子进入自支撑薄膜内部,致使自支撑膜光学性能大幅下降.5 nm至20 nm软X射线波段Zr具有较低的质量吸收系数和较小的密度,在该波段Zr滤光膜透过率较高.采用脱模剂法制备自支撑Zr膜,在洁净的浮法玻璃上蒸镀一层NaCl做为脱膜剂,直流磁控溅射沉积Zr膜,脱膜后的到自支撑Zr膜.为防止薄膜表面氧化及空气中杂质原子进入薄膜内部,在Zr膜两面各直流磁控溅射沉积一层10 nm厚的C或Si膜作为保护膜,得到C/Zr/C、Si/Zr/Si复合膜,测试结果显示C或Si膜的引入对于自支撑Zr膜光学性能基本无影响.     

热蒸发与离子束溅射制备LaF3薄膜的光学特性

研究了钼舟热蒸发工艺和离子束溅射方法制备的单层LaF₃薄膜的特性。首先,采用分光光度计测量了LaF₃薄膜的透射率和反射率光谱,使用不同模型拟合得出薄膜的折射率和消光系数。然后,采用应力仪测量了加热和降温过程中LaF₃薄膜的应力-温度曲线。最后,采用X射线衍射仪测试了薄膜的晶体结构。实验结果表明,热蒸发制备的LaF₃（RH LaF₃）存在折射率的不均匀性,在193 nm,其折射率和消光系数分别为1.687和5×10^-4,而离子束溅射制备的LaF₃（IBS LaF₃）折射率和消光系数分别为1.714和9×10^-4。两种薄膜表现出相反的应力状态,RH LaF₃薄膜具有张应力,而IBS LaF₃具有压应力,退火之后其压应力减小。热蒸发制备的MgF₂/LaF₃减反膜在193 nm透过率为99.4%,反射率为0.04%,离子束溅射制备的AlF₃/LaF₃减反膜透过率为99.2%,反射率为0.1%。     

柔性PI衬底上ITO薄膜的制备及性能研究

利用射频磁控溅射的方法在柔性PI衬底上制备ITO薄膜,通过SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、XRD(X射线衍射仪)、四探针测试仪、分光光度计,分析了通氧量、溅射功率、工作气压及衬底温度对ITO薄膜表面形貌、成膜质量和光电特性的影响。结果显示:在纯氩气环境下,溅射功率为200W,工作气压为1.5Pa,在衬底温度为185℃~225℃时,薄膜的光电特性最好,ITO薄膜的电阻率为3.64×10-4Ω·cm,透过率为97%。     

ITO导电膜红外发射率理论研究

根据红外辐射理论和薄膜光学原理计算了高品质ITO(indium tin oxide)导电膜的红外发射 率,其理论曲线与实测曲线基本符合. 并得出方块电阻小于30Ω时,ITO膜在红外波段8—14μ m的平均红外发射率理论值小于0.1.实际制备方块电阻小于10Ω的ITO膜具有优良的红外隐身 性能. 讨论了高品质ITO膜具有低红外发射率的物理机理,并提出了低红外发射率临界方块电 阻值,这有利於理论研究和工艺制备红外隐身ITO膜. 关键词： 红外发射率 ITO薄膜 理论计算 方块电阻     

室温制备低电阻率高透过率H,W共掺杂ZnO薄膜

采用脉冲直流磁控溅射法,以WO3:ZnO陶瓷靶为溅射靶材,通过在溅射气氛中引入H2的方式,在室温条件下制备了低电阻率、高可见和近红外光区透过率的H,W共掺杂ZnO (HWZO)薄膜.系统地研究了H2流量对所制备的HWZO薄膜的结构、组分、元素价态、光电特性的影响.结果表明:掺入的H可促进Zn的氧化,改善薄膜的结晶质量,提高薄膜透过率.H引入之后薄膜的载流子浓度增加,电阻率降低.在H2流量为6mL/min时制备的HWZO薄膜性能最优,电阻率为7.71×10-4 Ω·m,光学带隙为3.58 eV,400-1100 nm的平均透过率为82.4％.     

Properties of ITO films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering

Recently, a detailed study of the properties of ITO thin films deposited under various preparation conditions using the rf magnetron sputtering technique (from ITO target in pure Ar gas) has been undertaken in our laboratory. The effect of substrate temperature has been studied in a previous paper. Here the results of a study of the structural, electrical and optical properties of the ITO films with different thickness are presented. The figure of merit for the films, which is a measure of the quality of the films as transparent conductive layers for photovoltaic applications, has been evaluated.     

Properties of ITO–AZO bilayer thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering for applications in thin-film silicon solar cells

In this paper we study the electro-optical behavior and the application of indium–tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) bilayer thin films for silicon solar cells. ITO–AZO bilayer thin films were deposited on glass substrates using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The experimental results show that a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the ITO–AZO bilayer thin films has been achieved without significant degradation of optical properties. In the best case the resistivity of the bilayer films reached a minimum of 5.075×10^?4 Ω?cm when the thickness of the AZO buffer layer was 12 nm. The ITO–AZO bilayer films were applied as the front electrodes of amorphous silicon solar cells and the short-circuit current density of the solar cells was considerably increased.     

The effect of electro-annealing on the electrical properties of ITO film on colorless polyimide substrate

The effect of different annealing methods on the sheet resistance of indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyimide (PI) substrate has been investigated. ITO thin films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering in pure Ar gas and electro-annealing, this was carried out in the flow of an electric current at several temperatures between 100 and 180 °C in air. Electro- and thermal annealing were compared in order to confirm differences between the electrical, optical and microstructural properties of the ITO thin films. As electro-annealing induced the predominant growth of crystallites of ITO thin films along (4 0 0) plane, the sheet resistance of ITO films that were electro-annealed for 2 mA at 180 °C considerably decreased from 50 to 28 Ω/cm².     

用于彩色滤光片的低阻低应力ITO透明导电膜

探讨了用于彩色滤光片的低电阻和低压应力的ITO透明导电膜工艺。用磁控溅射方法在不同温度的衬底上制备了ITO薄膜。研究了膜形衬底温度与膜结晶化程度的关系,以及膜形衬底温度对膜电阻和压应力的影响。对不同衬底温度下形成的ITO薄膜进行了退火处理,并对退火后的ITO薄膜的电阻和压应力特性进行了分析。结果表明,采用室温沉积非晶态ITO膜,在真空退火下可获得低电阻、低压应力的多晶相ITO膜。     

利用磁控溅射技术在熔融石英衬底上生长铟锡氧薄膜的结构和形貌特性研究

利用磁控溅射技术在熔融石英衬底上沉积铟锡氧薄膜(ITO),讨论了生长温度、沉积时间、激光辐照和退火对ITO薄膜结构及形貌的影响.随着沉积温度的升高和沉积时间的延长,薄膜的晶化程度得到明显的改善,方块电阻降低,并且薄膜的形貌从光滑表面的圆形多晶颗粒演变到枝杈形貌.短时间的脉冲激光辐照使得枝杈的尖状晶粒变得圆滑,导电性略有改善.ITO薄膜在可见光区的透过率在经过空气中退火处理后明显得以改善,平均透过率可以达到80%.     

The behaviors of the carrier concentrations and mobilities in indium-tin-oxide thin films by DC and RF-superimposed DC reactive magnetron sputtering at the various process temperatures

Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited by DC and RF-superimposed DC (RF-DC) reactive magnetron sputtering at the various process temperatures from 70 to 380 °C. And the behaviors of the carrier concentrations and mobilities in ITO thin films by different plasma excitation modes were investigated by means of the Hall technique. The relationship between the carrier concentrations and mobilities in ITO thin films by both DC and RF-DC sputtering had two distinct regions: (i) region I at low process temperatures, where both the carrier concentrations and mobilities increased together; (ii) region II at high process temperatures, where the carrier concentrations further increased but the carrier mobilities decreased.At low process temperatures of region I, the crystallinities were low and the grain boundary scattering was dominant. However, at high process temperatures of region II, ITO thin films were highly crystallized and the ionized impurity scattering from high carrier concentrations was dominant.The overall characterizations, related to the carrier concentrations and mobilities, were also performed using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, UV/vis/NIR spectrometer and atomic force microscope.     

不同衬底和CdCl2退火对磁控溅射CdS薄膜性能的影响

在科宁7059玻璃, FTO, ITO, AZO四种衬底上磁控溅射CdS薄膜, 并在CdCl₂+干燥空气380 ℃退火, 分别研究了不同衬底和退火工艺对CdS薄膜形貌、结构和光学性能的影响. 扫描电子显微镜形貌表明: 不同衬底原位溅射CdS薄膜的形貌不同, 退火后相应CdS薄膜的晶粒度和表面粗糙度明显增大. XRD衍射图谱表明: 不同衬底原位溅射和退火CdS薄膜均为六角相和立方相的混相结构, 退火前后科宁7059玻璃, FTO, AZO衬底上CdS薄膜有 H(002)/C(111) 最强衍射峰, ITO衬底原位溅射CdS薄膜没有明显的最强衍射峰, 退火后出现 H(002)/(111) 最强衍射峰. 紫外-可见分光光度计分析表明: AZO, FTO, ITO, 科宁7059玻璃衬底CdS薄膜的可见光平均透过率依次减小, 退火后相应衬底CdS薄膜的可见光平均透过率增大, 光学吸收系数降低; 退火显著增大了不同衬底CdS薄膜的光学带隙. 分析得出: 上述结果是由于不同衬底类型和退火工艺对CdS多晶薄膜的形貌、结构和带尾态掺杂浓度改变的结果. 关键词： CdS薄膜 磁控溅射 退火再结晶 带尾态     

Thickness dependence of electrical properties of ITO film deposited on a plastic substrate by RF magnetron sputtering

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films with various thicknesses in range of 40-280 nm were prepared onto a plastic substrate (PMMA). Deposition was carried out with RF magnetron sputtering method and the substrate temperature was held at ∼70 °C, in lack of the thermal damage to the polymer substrate. Changes in microstructure and electrical properties of ITO films according to their thicknesses were investigated. It was found that amorphous layer with thickness of 80 nm was formed at the interface on the polymer substrate and polycrystalline ITO could be obtained above the thickness. Conductivity of ITO films was found to be strongly dependent on the crystallinity. Consequently, it is suggested that crystallinity of the deposited films should be enhanced at the initial stage of deposition and the thickness of amorphous region be reduced in order to prepare high quality ITO thin films on polymer substrates.     

VO2 thin films based active and passive thermochromic devices for energy management applications

VO₂ thin films were fabricated by argon ion beam assisted non-reactive ac dual magnetron sputtering followed by carefully controlled thermal oxidation. This method is known to give high quality compact thin films with uniform high deposition rates. Thin films deposited on both bare glass and indium tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates were studied, respectively, as passive and active thermochromic devices for their electrical and optical switching behaviors. Thin films varying in thicknesses from 65 to 250 nm were investigated. ITO film was used as an integrated heating device to activate the phase transition via an applied bias voltage. Such structures were found to bear several advantages from an application point of view.     

ITO/Au/ITO multilayer thin films for transparent conducting electrode applications

Transparent and conducting ITO/Au/ITO multilayered films were deposited without intentional substrate heating on polycarbonate (PC) substrate using a magnetron sputtering process. The thickness of ITO, Au and ITO metal films in the multilayered structure was constant at 50, 10 and 40 nm, respectively.Although the substrate temperature was kept constant at 70 °C, ITO/Au/ITO films were polycrystalline with an (1 1 0) X-ray diffraction peak, while single ITO films were amorphous. Surface roughness analysis indicated ITO films had a higher average roughness of 1.76 nm, than the ITO/Au/ITO film roughness of 0.51 nm. The optoelectrical properties of the ITO/Au/ITO films were dependent on the Au thin film, which affected the ITO film crystallinity. ITO/Au/ITO films on PC substrates were developed with a resistivity as low as 5.6 × 10⁻⁵ Ω cm and a high optical transmittance of 71.7%.