SC-IrO2NR-carbon hybrid: A catalyst with high electrochemical stability for oxygen reduction

The enhanced electrochemical stability of the synthesized hybrid catalyst has been demonstrated by the introduction of the synergistic effect between carbon powder additive and the prepared catalyst.Single crystal IrO 2 nanorod (SC-IrO 2 NR) catalyst was prepared by a sol-gel method.The structure and performance of the catalyst sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM),transmission electron microscope (TEM),rotating disk electrode (RDE) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements.XRD patterns and TEM images indicate that the catalyst sample has a rutile IrO 2 single crystal nanorod structure.The onset potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the SC-IrO 2 NR-carbon hybrid catalyst specimen is 0.75 V (vs.RHE) in RDE measurement.CV and RDE test results show that the SC-IrO 2 NR-carbon hybrid catalyst has a better electrochemical stability in comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst,with attenuation ratios of 17.67% and 44.60% for the SC-IrO 2 NR-carbon hybrid catalyst and the commercial Pt/C catalyst after 1500 cycles,respectively.Therefore,in terms of stability,the SC-IrO 2 NR-carbon hybrid catalyst has a promising potential in the application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.     

Influences of the adsorption state of catalyst on the performance of DS-PEC for visible light driven water splitting

Adsorption state of catalyst on photoanode is an important factor on influencing the performance of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells(DS-PECs) for water splitting. Photoanode TiO_2(1 + 2) was assembled with Ru(bpy)3phosphoric acid derivative(complex 1) as photosensitizer and complex 2 as water oxidation catalyst to compare with photoanode TiO_2(1 + 3). The photocurrent density of photoanode TiO 2(1 + 3) with catalyst 3 synthesized with only one end fixing on the surface of TiO_2 is about four-fold of the photoanode assembled with catalyst 2 fixing with two claws on the surface of TiO 2. The phenomenon should be caused by the littery arrangement and shorter distance of catalyst 2 from the active center of catalyst to TiO_2 on the surface of semiconductor which led to lowly efficient electron transfer.     

TiO2/海泡石负载型催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

采用混合焙烧方法,制得TiO2/海泡石负载型催化剂,研究了在该催化剂催化作用下,水溶液中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的光催化降解行为.结果表明:催化剂的用量和TiO2的负载量对光催化降解速率都有影响.对于负载型催化剂,TiO2的负载量对其催化活性及DEP的降解速率有较大影响.当使用A101/海泡石催化剂,用量为2 g/L和4 g/L时,TiO2负载量的较佳值均为5%.并对负载型催化剂的形貌及晶型进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析.     

STUDY ON THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE III.CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF TiO2-BASED CATALYSTS STUDIED BY CO2-TPD AND TPR-TPO

The effects of surface acidity-basicity and surface oxidation reduction property of Li-La-Mn/TiO2 (I) and Li-La-Mn-W/TiO2 (II) catalysts on oxidative coupling of methane were studied by CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) and temperature programmed reduction temperature programmed oxidation (TPR-TPO). The results show that there exist strong basic sites on catalysts I and II, but the quantity of these sites on catalyst II is more than that on catalyst I. Besides, the strength of basics site on catalyst II is stronger than that on catalyst I. The surface of catalyst II is easier to reduce and re-oxidize than that of catalyst I. The surface of catalyst II is easier to reduce and re-oxidize than of catalyst I, and the extent of reduction and reoxidation of catalyst II is more intensive than catalyst I, which results in a lowing of the reaction temperature and enhances the activity and C2 hydrocarbon yield as well as gas hourly space velocity(GHSV). Catalyst II is excellent for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM).     

Ultra-deep desulfurization of diesel: oxidation with a recoverable catalyst assembled in emulsion

A [(C(18)H(37))(2)N(+)(CH(3))(2)](3)[PW(12)O(40)] catalyst, assembled in an emulsion in diesel, can selectively oxidize the sulfur-containing molecules present in diesel into their corresponding sulfones by using H(2)O(2) as the oxidant under mild conditions. The sulfones can be readily separated from the diesel using an extractant, and the sulfur level of the desulfurized diesel can be lowered from about 500 ppm to 0.1 ppm without changing the properties of the diesel. The catalyst demonstrates high performance (>/=96 % efficiency of H(2)O(2), is easily recycled, and approximately 100 % selectivity to sulfones). Metastable emulsion droplets (water in oil) act like a homogeneous catalyst and are formed when the catalyst (as the surfactant) and H(2)O(2) (30 %) are mixed in the diesel. However, the catalyst can be separated from the diesel after demulsification.     

Insights into the origin of high activity and stability of catalysts derived from bulky, electron-rich monophosphinobiaryl ligands in the Pd-catalyzed C-N bond formation

A comparative kinetic examination of catalyst systems based on several monophosphinobiaryl ligands is reported. The bulk of the phosphine ligand controls the catalytic activity and the rate of catalyst activation with the catalyst based on 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl providing the greatest activity and fastest activation. In the case where catalyst activation is slow (i.e., use of the smaller ligands such as 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2'-methylbiphenyl in combination with Pd(OAc)2) stirring the amine with the catalyst/base mixture prior to the commencement of the reaction increases the reaction rate along with the rate of catalyst activation. Kinetic isotope effects established that the catalyst activation process occurs through a beta-hydride elimination pathway.     

TiO2纳米棒载Pd催化剂的制备及其对甲酸的电催化氧化

利用水热合成和无机溶胶法,分别制备了具有棒状(TiO2-R)和无规则结构(TiO2-I)的锐钛矿相TiO2,并以之为载体制备得到Pd/TiO2电催化剂.循环伏安测试显示,与无规则TiO2相比,具有棒状结构的TiO2载Pd催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化性能提高了70%;计时电流测试显示,运行3000 s后,甲酸在棒状TiO2载Pd催化剂上的氧化电流是无规则TiO2载Pd催化剂的16倍.其原因可能与TiO2纳米棒拥有更好的电子传导性且表面拥有较多的活性含氧基团有关,从而能够有效提高催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和抗毒化性能.     

乙酰丙酮氧钛催化苯酚和碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应

首次将乙酰丙酮氧钛用于苯酚和碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应合成碳酸二苯酯,显示出较好的催化活性和很高的酯交换选择性,催化剂经180℃热处理后,苯酚转化率可达45.8%,转化数(n(苯酚)/n(Ti))为96,高于有机钛类均相催化剂.结果表明,当乙酰丙酮氧钛用量为0.2g以上,开始有副产物苯甲醚生成,酯交换选择性随催化剂用量的增加而降低.该催化剂重复使用5次后,苯酚转化率仍可达40%以上,酯交换选择性为99.9%,表现出较高的重复使用性能.     

制备高碳醇用Cu-Zn-Zr催化剂的研究

研究了制备高碳醇用新的催化体系ＣｕＺｎＺｒ．ＣｕＺｎＺｒ催化剂可用Ｃｕ（ＮＯ３）２,Ｚｎ（ＮＯ３）２,ＺｒＯＣｌ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３为原料,采用并流共沉淀法制备．研究结果表明,ＣｕＺｎＺｒ催化剂对脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备高碳脂肪醇具有很高的活性．催化剂的活性测定结果及ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＲ表征结果表明,Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ都是该催化剂的活性组分,Ｃｕ０和ＺｎＯ是其活性物相,Ｚｒ组分以ＺｒＯ物相存在,对活性组分起着间隔分散作用．用ＡＳＡＰ２０００型物理吸附仪测定了催化剂的比表面积、比孔容、孔结构和孔径分布,揭示了在不同条件下制备的ＣｕＺｎＺｒ催化剂活性差异的原因     

介孔Ru-PPh2-KIT-6催化剂应用于水相中烯丙醇异构化的研究

以2-(二苯基膦)乙基三乙氧基硅烷和正硅酸乙酯为混合硅源,运用延时共缩聚法制备带有二苯基膦(PPh2-)修饰配体的KIT-6型介孔氧化硅材料,通过络合Ru(II)获得固载化Ru(II)有机金属催化剂(Ru-PPh2-KIT-6),该催化剂具有规整介孔结构.在水相烯丙醇异构化反应中显示高活性和高选择性,催化性能接近均相催化剂,活性相与载体结合牢固,能够重复使用5次以上.     

SiO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液

采用实验室合成的SiO2掺杂TiO2作为催化剂,以甲基橙超声降解反应为模型,研究了各种因素对SiO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明在SiO2掺杂TiO2催化剂作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于非掺杂的锐钛矿型TiO2的催化效果.SiO2掺杂TiO2催化剂用量在0.5～1.0g/L之间,超声波频率25kHz,输出功率1.0W/cm2,pH为1.0～3.0时,在甲基橙水溶液初始浓度20mg/L的条件下,80min,降解率达到了98%以上,COD的去除率也达到了99.0%.因此,SiO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景.     

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas catalyzed by a nickel nanowire catalyst

A nickel nanowire catalyst was prepared by a hard template method,and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),N2 physical adsorption,X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR).The catalytic properties of the nanowire catalyst in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas were compared with a metallic Ni catalyst which was prepared with nickel sponge.The characterization results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high specific surface area and there was more NiO phase in the nickel nanowire catalyst than in the metallic Ni catalyst.The reaction results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high CH4 conversion and selectivities for H2 and CO under low space velocity.     

Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides Catalyzed by Montmorillonite Immobilized Bimetal Catalyst in Aqueous System

A novel bisupported bimetal catalyst PVP-PdCl2-FeSO4/Al-Mont-PEG600 was prepared by immobilization of PVP (poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)) supported bimetallic catalyst using alumina pillared inartificial montmorillonite as the carrier. This catalyst has good dehalogenation activity and selectivity to aryl halides-o-chlorotoluene in aqueous system in the presence of phase transfer catalyst (PEG) and sodium formate as hydrogen source. The catalyst also shows good reusability.     

Impact of ligand exchange in hydrogen production from cobaloxime-containing photocatalytic systems

Ligand exchange on the Co(dmgH)(2)(py)Cl water reduction catalyst was explored under photocatalytic conditions. The photosensitizer fluorescein was connected to the catalyst through the axially coordinated pyridine. While this two-component complex produces H(2) from water under visible light irradiation in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA), it is less active than a system containing separate fluorescein and [Co(III)(dmgH)(2)(py)Cl] components. NMR and photolysis experiments show that the Co catalyst undergoes pyridine exchange. Interestingly, glyoximate ligand exchange was also observed photocatalytically and by NMR spectroscopy, thereby showing that integrated systems in which the photosensitizer is linked directly to the Co(dmgH)(2)(py)Cl catalyst may not remain intact during H(2) photogeneration. These studies have also given rise to insights into the catalyst decomposition mechanism.     

用于质子交换膜燃料电池抗CO的Pt-CeO2/C催化剂的制备和表征

采用一步沉淀法,制备了纳米级Pt-CeO2/C电催化剂.透射电镜和X射线衍射表征结果表明,制备的催化剂Pt颗粒均匀分散于碳载体表面,其粒径主要分布于1.5～2.5 nm.将Pt-CeO2/C催化剂制备成质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极,经循环伏安和单电池极化曲线测试发现,Pt-CeO2/C催化剂性能与Pt/C催化剂的相当.一氧...     

碳载Pt-P催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能

用NaH2PO2液相还原方法制得碳载Pt-P(Pt-P/C)催化剂(m(Pt)∶m(P)=5∶1)。 X射线衍射谱测量表明,Pt-P/C催化剂的Pt衍射峰的2θ值稍大于Pt/C催化剂的相应值,表明P进入了Pt晶格,形成了Pt-P合金。 电化学测试表明,Pt-P/C催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能要比商品化的E-TEK Pt/C催化剂好,其还原电位正移了40 mV。 由于Pt-P/C催化剂中Pt-P粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度与Pt/C催化剂相似,推测Pt-P/C催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能好于Pt/C催化剂的原因可能为P的作用。     

氨法选择性还原氮氧化物 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂的抗硫性能

选择性催化还原(SCR)是目前去除氮氧化物最有效的方法之一. V2O5/TiO2催化剂被广泛应用于氨法选择性还原氮氧化物(NH3-SCR)反应,但该催化剂存在工作温度高(300–400oC)及 SO2氧化率高引起设备腐蚀和管路堵塞等问题,开发低温 SCR催化剂具有重要意义.过渡金属氧化物(如 Fe2O3, MnOx和 CuO等)催化剂用于低温SCR先后见诸文献报道,但这些催化剂在 SO2和 H2O存在下易失活.近年来柱撑黏土(PILC)引起科学家广泛关注, Yang等首次将 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂应用于 NH3-SCR反应,发现其催化活性高于传统 V2O5/TiO2催化剂.柱撑黏土基催化剂在 NH3-SCR反应中也显示出良好抗硫性能,但 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂的抗硫机理至今尚未见深入研究.因此我们制备了一系列 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂,采用原位漫反射红外等方法详细研究了其抗硫性能较好的原因.
　　首先采用离子交换法制备出 TiO2-PILC载体,之后采用浸渍法制备了不同钒含量(质量分数x/%=0,3,4,5)的xV2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂.同时,制备了传统 V2O5/TiO2和 V2O5-MoO3/TiO2催化剂作为对比.活性评价结果显示,4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂具有最高的催化活性,其催化性能与传统钒钛催化剂相当.在160oC时, NO转化率可达80%以上.同时,4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂还具有较宽的反应温度窗口,在260–500oC范围内, NO转化率保持在90%以上.向反应体系中加入0.05% SO2和10% H2O后,在低温(160oC以下)时所有催化剂的反应活性都有一定提高,可能是由于 SO2的加入提高了催化剂的表面酸性.继续升高温度,4V/TiO2和4V6Mo/TiO2催化剂活性均明显下降,而4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂的活性则未出现明显下降.原位漫反射红外光谱结果显示, SO2在三种催化剂表面的吸附以表面硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐物种以及离子态 SO42–物种形式存在,而在4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂表面离子态 SO42–物种的量最少. X射线光电子能谱及 O2程序升温脱附结果显示,在4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂上,表面吸附氧(Oads)的量最少.综合上述分析可以得出,在 SO2气氛下,离子态 SO42–物种在 SCR催化剂表面的累积可能是导致其失活的主要原因,而离子态 SO42–物种的形成可能与催化剂表面吸附氧的量有关.     

碳载Pt-P催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能

用NaH2PO2液相还原方法制得碳载Pt-P(Pt-P/C)催化剂(m(Pt)∶m(P)=5∶1)。 X射线衍射谱测量表明,Pt-P/C催化剂的Pt衍射峰的2θ值稍大于Pt/C催化剂的相应值,表明P进入了Pt晶格,形成了Pt-P合金。 电化学测试表明,Pt-P/C催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能要比商品化的E-TEK Pt/C催化剂好,其还原电位正移了40 mV。 由于Pt-P/C催化剂中Pt-P粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度与Pt/C催化剂相似,推测Pt-P/C催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能好于Pt/C催化剂的原因可能为P的作用。     

A water-soluble and "self-assembled" polyoxometalate as a recyclable catalyst for oxidation of alcohols in water with hydrogen peroxide

We have demonstrated that a simply prepared water-soluble polyoxometalate, Na12[WZnZn2(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2], synthesized from readily available zinc and tungsten salts in the presence of nitric acid, is an effective catalyst for selective alcohol oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in biphasic (water-alcohol) reaction media. Experiments have shown that the "self-assembled" catalyst in its mother liquor was as active as the isolated catalyst. The aqueous catalyst solution is easily separated from the water-insoluble products and can be recycled without loss in activity or selectivity.     

Recyclable catalyst for conversion of carbon dioxide into formate attributable to an oxyanion on the catalyst ligand

The catalyst recycling in the conversion of CO2 into formate using the iridium complex with 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline as a catalyst precursor is described. The catalyst precursor was dissolved in an aqueous KOH solution under CO2 pressure prior to the reaction, but was precipitated spontaneously at the end of the reaction. The acidification by the generation of formate caused the transformation from the water-soluble deprotonated form into the water-insoluble protonated form. When the reaction was carried out at 60 degrees C for 20 h using 0.1 M KOH solution under 6 MPa of H2:CO2 (1:1), the catalyst precursor was precipitated spontaneously and the added KOH was consumed completely. The catalyst was recovered by filtration, and the product was obtained by the evaporation of the filtrate. Iridium leaching into the filtrate was found to be 0.11 ppm (<2% of the loaded Ir). The recovered catalyst retained high catalytic activity for four cycles. Consequently, the CO2 conversion using the complex is an environmentally benign process, whose significant features are as follows: (i) catalyst recycling by self-precipitation/filtration, (ii) waste-free process, (iii) the easy isolation of the product, (iv) high efficiency under relatively mild conditions, and (v) aqueous catalysis without the use of organic materials. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the significant roles of the oxyanion generated from the acidic phenolic hydroxyl on the catalyst ligand, which are the catalyst recovery by acid-base equilibrium, as well as the water-solubility by its polarity and the catalyst activation by its electron-donating ability.