模拟核素固化体Gd2Zr2-xCexO7(0≤ x≤ 2.0)的物相及化学稳定性研究

为研究钆锆烧绿石固化Pu(Ⅳ)的相变化情况及化学稳定性, 以Gd₂O₃, ZrO₂为原料, Ce(Ⅳ)作为Pu(Ⅳ)的模拟替代物质, 采用冷压热烧结的方法制备出Gd₂Zr_2-xCe_xO₇(0≤ x≤ 2.0)系列样品. 分别在40 °C和70 °C的合成海水中, 对固化体的长期浸出性能进行研究. 借助粉末X射线衍射仪对所制备样品的物相信息进行收集, 利用等离子体质谱仪对固化体的浸出浓度数据进行分析. 研究结果表明: 当x ≤0.08时, 固化体保持为烧绿石相; 当x>0.08时, 固化体转变为具有缺陷的萤石型结构相. 固化体中Gd³⁺, Zr⁴⁺和Ce⁴⁺在合成海水中, 随着浸泡时间的延长浸出浓度逐渐上升, 70 °C下的浸出浓度高于40 °C下的浸出浓度. 在42 d时, 固化体中Gd³⁺的最大浸出浓度在0.032 μg·ml^-1以下, Zr⁴⁺的最大浸出浓度在0.003 μg·ml^-1以下; Ce⁴⁺的最大浸出浓度在0.032 μg·ml^-1以下.     

Y~(3+)掺杂对Sr_(1-x)Ca_xSi_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)发光性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法制备了Sr_(1-x)Ca_xSi_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)系列荧光粉,研究Y~(3+)离子掺入对荧光粉发光性能的影响。对于Sr Si_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+),Y~(3+)离子掺入主要起到稳定Eu~(2+)价态的作用,避免Eu~(2+)氧化为Eu~(3+),从而提高Sr Si_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)的发光性能。对于Ca Sr Si_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+),Y~(3+)离子掺入除了稳定Eu~(2+)价态作用外,还能有效减小Eu~(2+)取代Ca~(2+)后晶格膨胀引起的应力,提高Eu~(2+)在晶格中的溶解度。Sr_(1-x)Ca_xSi_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)(x=0,0.15,0.3,0.6,0.75,0.95)系列荧光粉中随着Ca含量的增加,共掺Y~(3+)离子对样品发光强度的提高程度也随之增加(20%~80%)。     

La_(2)ATiO_(6)(A=Mg,Zn)∶Er^(3+)荧光材料的上转换发光特性及温度传感特性调控EI北大核心CSCD

Er^(3+)的上转换性能强烈依赖局部位置对称畸变。在本研究中,采用高温固相法制备了La_(2)Mg_(1-w)Zn_(w)TiO_(6)∶xEr^(3+)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10;w=0,0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0)系列荧光粉。基于XRD精修,Zn^(2+)的掺杂改变了La_(2)Mg⁃TiO_(6)晶体的配位环境,晶相由Pbnm转变为P2_(1/n)。在980 nm激光激发下,样品上转换荧光强度随Er^(3+)离子浓度改变,当Er^(3+)离子浓度为x=0.06时样品的上转换荧光强度最强。基于荧光强度比技术研究了样品La_(2)Mg_(1-w)ZnwTiO_(6)∶xEr^(3+)(x=0.06;w=0,0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0)在303~583 K温度范围内的上转换荧光温度传感特性。实验结果表明,灵敏度随着Mg^(2+)和Zn^(2+)掺杂浓度比例的改变而改变,在w=1.0时达到最大绝对灵敏度0.90%·K^(-1),说明Zn^(2+)的掺杂提高了La_(2)MgTiO_(6)的灵敏度。     

Eu~(3+)掺杂的Na_2YMg_2(VO_4)_3荧光粉制备和发光特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Na2Y1-xMg2(VO4)3∶x Eu~(3+)(x=0.15~0.75)系列自激活荧光粉。用XRD、SEM、光致发光光谱和荧光衰减曲线分别对其结构、形貌和发光性能进行表征。XRD结果显示样品为纯石榴石结构,其中Eu~(3+)取代Y~(3+);SEM照片显示样品为粒径大小在0.3~1μm范围内不规则的光滑球状颗粒;光谱分析表明,Na2YMg2(VO4)3作为自激活发光基质可以被200~400 nm紫外光有效激发,发出源于VO_4~(3-)电荷迁移跃迁的波长范围为400~700 nm的宽谱带绿光。掺杂Eu~(3+)后,在340 nm紫外光激发下同时出现了VO_4~(3-)的电荷迁移带和Eu~(3+)的特征光谱。不同浓度Eu~(3+)掺杂的光谱和荧光衰减曲线表明,存在VO_4~(3-)和Eu~(3+)之间的能量传递。     

Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)双离子取代ZrV_2O_7中Zr~(4+)/V~(5+)实现近零膨胀

采用固相烧结法制备了Zri_(1-x)Al_(2-x)V_(2-x)Mo_xO_7(0≤x≤0.9),并通过调整Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)对ZrV_2O_7中的Zr~(4+)/V~(5+)离子替代量来实现近零膨胀,对于较小的x值(x≤0.3),材料保持了与ZrV_2O_7相同的立方相结构.随着Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)替代量的增加,(Al/Zr)~-和(Mo/V)~+之间的库仑相互作用逐渐加强,这种库仑相互作用导致材料中未发生畸变的立方相晶体结构逐渐减少.当x≥0.7时,材料中立方相晶体结构完全消失.在425-750 K温度区间内,Zr_(0.5)Al_(0.5)M_(0.6)O_7展示出近零膨胀性质(-0.39×l0~(-6)K~(-1)).Zr_(0.5)Al_(1.5)V_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_7的低热膨胀性能可能与Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)对ZrV_2O_7中Zr~(4+)/V~(5+)部分替代引起部分晶体结构发生的畸变及其对未替代部分的晶格结构的影响有关.     

碱土金属离子共掺杂对铕离子在Ca_(12)Al_(14)O_(32)F_2中发光性能的影响

采用高温固相还原法合成Ca_(12-x-y)M_xAl_(14)O_(32)F)2∶yEu(M=Mg,Sr,Ba)体系荧光粉,分别采用X射线粉末衍射仪和荧光光谱仪测试其物相及荧光性能,通过掺杂碱土金属离子可以调整Ca_(12)Al_(14)O_(32)F_2∶Eu~(3+)/Eu~(2+)的组成和结构,进而影响Ca_(12-x-y)M_xAl_(14)O_(32)F_2∶yEu的发光性能。研究结果表明:在Ca_(12)Al_(14)O_(32)F_2∶Eu中掺杂一定浓度的Mg~(2+)不利于Eu~(3+)的还原,掺杂一定浓度的Sr~(2+)或Ba~(2+)有利于Eu~(3+)的还原;通过改变碱土金属离子的掺杂浓度调节Eu~(3+)和Eu~(2+)的浓度比,可以调整蓝光发射和红光发射的强度比,进而使发光颜色从蓝色变为淡紫色,再变为蓝绿色。     

分光光度法研究Bi(Ⅲ)与V(V),W(Ⅵ)和U(Ⅵ)的正丙醇析相萃取分离

研究了以碘化钾为络合剂,正丙醇-水体系析相萃取分离和富集铋的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。试验结果表明,氯化钠能使正丙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,Bi(Ⅲ)与碘化钾生成的BiI_4~-与质子化正丙醇(C_3H_7OH_2~+)形成的缔合物[BiI_4~-][C_3H_7OH_2~+]能被正丙醇相完全萃取。当正丙醇、碘化钾和氯化钠的浓度分别为30%(V/V)、6.0×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)、0.20g·mL~(-1),pH为2时,Bi(Ⅲ)的萃取率达到99.2%以上,V(Ⅴ),W(Ⅵ)和U(Ⅵ)基本不被萃取,实现了Bi(Ⅲ)与上述金属离子的分离,对合成水样中Bi(Ⅲ)进行分离和测定,结果令人满意。     

Li_(1+x)Ge_(2-x)Al_xP_3O_(12)系统的相关系和电导

本文研究了Li_(1+x)Ge_(2-x)Al_xP_3O_(12)系统的相组成和电导的关系。发现用LiGe_2P_3O_(12)作为基体化合物,通过离子置换可以得到好的锂离子导体。用Al~(3+)置换LiGe_2P_3O_(12)中的Ge~(4+),在00.6时出现未知相,用少量Al~(3+)取代Ge~(4+)后电导率即突增,在固溶体范围内电导率随x值的增大而继续升高。x=0.5时达极大值。Li_(1.5)Ge_(1.5)Al_(0.5)P_3O_(12)在室温、300℃和450℃的电导率分别为3.5×10~(+5),1×10~(-2)和3.1×10~(-2)S cm~(-1),电导活化能为0.33eV,电子迁移数在10~(-5)数量级。     

CaMoO_4∶Dy黄绿色荧光粉的微波合成及掺杂PO_4~(3-)的荧光增强效应

采用微波辐射法合成了一系列的Ca_(1-x)MoO_4∶x Dy~(~(3+))(0x≤0.12)和Ca_(0.98)(Mo O_4)_(1-1.5y)(PO_4)y∶0.02Dy~(3+)(0≤y≤0.10)黄绿色荧光粉,分别用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和荧光分光光度计对荧光粉的物相结构、微观形貌、发光特性进行了分析和表征。结果表明:所制得的CaMoO_4∶Dy~(3+)晶体结构与Ca Mo O4相似,为四方晶系、白钨矿结构。样品颗粒呈立方形,边长约为5μm,且是由尺寸约为120~540 nm的类球形小颗粒组成。样品的最大激发峰位于300 nm处。发射光谱由一系列尖峰组成,最强发射峰位于572 nm处,对应于Dy~(3+)的4F9/2→6H13/2跃迁,发光强度随Dy~(3+)浓度的增加先增大后减小,当Dy~(3+)摩尔分数为0.02时发光强度最大,而后随Dy~(3+)浓度的增加,发生了浓度猝灭效应。由Dexter浓度猝灭理论知,Dy~(3+)浓度猝灭主要为电偶极-电偶极相互作用和Dy~(3+)离子间交叉弛豫造成的。在254 nm波长激发下,Ca Mo O4∶Dy~(3+)的色坐标集中在黄绿光区域。此外,PO3-4的掺杂有效提高了CaMoO_4∶Dy~(3+)体系的发光亮度,PO_4~(3-)的最佳掺杂量为y=0.04,此时样品的发光强度比未掺杂样品提高了约19%。     

聚乙烯亚胺包覆的CdZnTe量子点荧光探针测定痕量Pb~(2+)

在水相中制备了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)包裹的水溶性PEI-CdZnTe量子点。研究了反应时间,酸度及不同常见金属离子对PEI-CdZnTe量子点荧光效率的影响。基于Pb~(2+)对CdZnTe量子点具有选择性荧光猝灭作用,建立了用CdZnTe量子点为探针灵敏测定痕量Pb~(2+)的新方法。研究了不同浓度Pb~(2+)对CdZnTe量子点荧光强度猝灭情况,结果表明,Pb~(2+)对CdZnTe量子点的荧光猝灭过程可以很好地用Stern-Volmer荧光猝灭方程来描述。当Pb~(2+)浓度在0.05~3.0μg·mL~(-1)范围内,CdZnTe量子点的荧光强度F_0/F与Pb~(2+)浓度之间具有较好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.998 8,检测限为0.01μg·mL~(-1)。该量子点荧光分析方法简便快速、灵敏度高、选择性好,能够应用于实际水样中Pb~(2+)的分析与测定。     

Trapping mechanism of superconductivity suppression induced by Pr substitution in the Ho1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ system

Pr concentration dependence of the superconducting transition temperature T_c in the Ho_1−xPr_xBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ system is determined from measurements of DC electrical resistance. This dependence coincides with that for the parallely studied Y_1−xPr_xBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ reference system. Both systems have the same value of the critical concentration x_c=0.58, in accordance with nearly equal ionic radii of Ho³⁺ and Y³⁺ ions. It has been shown that the T_c(x) curve can be described with a single mechanism based on a decreasing number of sheet holes trapped by Pr^IV-ions, if one takes also into account that the number of these ions changes with x.     

Electrical and structural properties of epitaxially grown Y1Ba2Cu3O7 − x and Y2Ba4Cu8O16 − x thin films using the BaF2 method

Thin films of Cu, Y and BaF₂ are co-condensed in ultrahigh vacuum onto SrTiO₃ (1 0 0)-substrates at room temperature without any additional oxygen supply. It is found that the temperature of the ex situ fluorine-oxygen exchange reaction in flowing wet oxygen essentially determines whether the Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_{7 − x}-phase (T_ex = 850°C) or the Y₂Ba₄Cu₈O_{16 − x}-phase (T_ex = 800°C) forms or any mixture of both phases in between. Small-angle X-ray diffraction verifies the strictly epitaxial growth of the superconducting phases. The variation of the composition around the ideal 1,2,3-stoichiometry affects only the superconducting and normal conducting properties which are measured using the four-probe Montgomery method. The values of the normal state resistivity and its temperature dependence are discussed in combination with a reduced cross section of the conduction paths in the films.     

The crystal structure of (Pb0.5Cd0.5)Sr2 (Y1−xCax)Cu2O7

The crystal structures of (Pb_0.5Cd_0.5)Sr₂YCu₂O₇, (Pb_0.5Cd_0.5)Sr₂(Y_0.6Ca_0.4)Cu₂O₇ and (Pb_0.5Cd _0.5)Sr₂(Y_0.5Ca_0.5)Cu₂O₇ have been refined by the Rietveld method for the X-ray diffraction data. The refinement results indicate that both Pb and Cd atoms in the (Pb, Cd)O layers and O(3) atoms are displaced from their ideal sites, and that there is a complicated occupation in the (Pb, Cd)O layers, i.e., other cations, such as Sr²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, can occupy the (Pb, Cd) site for these samples. This may be the reason why the lattice constants do not vary monotanically with the calcium content, and why there exist broad superconducting transitions in the system (Pb_0.5Cd_0.5)Sr₂(Y_1−xCa_x)Cu₂O₇. The refinement results also indicate that, as the calcium content increases, the O(2) atoms move close to the CuO₂ planes and far from the (Pb, Cd)O layers. Thus, the increase of calcium content results in charge transfer from the charge reservoir layer (Pb, Cd)O to the CuO₂ planes. This result is consistent with the bond valence sums of the Cu ions in the CuO₂ planes.     

The relationship between crystal structure and electrical conductivity in the LaY1−xInxO3 (x=0.0–0.7) system

The electrical conductivity of the LaY_1−xIn_xO₃ (x=0.0–0.7) system has been studied from the viewpoint of crystal chemistry. The high temperature form of LaYO₃ (x=0.0) was ascertained to be the Sm₂O₃-type (B-type rare earth) structure, not perovskite-type one. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments revealed that the samples with x=0.05 and 0.10 were the mixed phase of Sm₂O₃-type and perovskite-type structure, and changed to perovskite phase in the range of x0.20. From oxygen partial pressure dependence of the electrical conductivity, it was found that both the Sm₂O₃-type and the perovskite-type single phases showed hole conduction, but the mixed phase did oxide-ion one. The electrical conductivity of the LaY_1−xIn_xO₃ (x=0.0–0.7) system increased with increasing x, and showed the maximum value in the range of x=0.05–0.10, and then decreased with increasing x. The occurrence of oxide-ion conduction was discussed from the viewpoint of lattice distortion in the mixed phase.     

Simultaneous doping with La and Y for Ba- and Ce-sites in BaCeO3 and the ionic conduction

Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the single phase perovskite-type structure of Ba_1−xLa_xCe_0.90−xY_0.10+xO₃₋ (0 x 0.40, =0.05) could be maintained in a wide region of doping level by simultaneous partial substitution of La³⁺ for Ba²⁺-site and Y³⁺ for Ce⁴⁺-site in BaCeO₃. The conduction properties of these oxides were investigated using various electrochemical methods in the same concentration of oxygen vacancy (=0.05). At high oxygen partial pressure, these oxides exhibited a mixed oxide ionic and p-type electronic conduction while at low oxygen partial pressure their conduction was almost protonic. Among these oxides, BaCe_0.90Y_0.10O₃₋ exhibited the highest conductivities with a value of 1.24×10⁻¹ S/cm in dry oxygen, and 5.65×10⁻² S/cm in wet hydrogen at 1000°C. Both of the proton and oxide ion conductivities under oxygen and under hydrogen atmospheres decreased monotonically with the increasing substitution for Ba²⁺- and Ce⁴⁺-sites. The decreases in ion conductivities appear to relate to the decreased free volume (V_f) of crystal lattice as well as the increased distortion of lattice from ideal cubic perovskite structure.     

Preparation, characterization and oxide ion conductivity in U-substituted Bi4V2O11

A Bi₂V_{1 − x − y}U_xBi_yO_{5.5 + 0.5x − y} solid solution derived from Bi₄V₂O₁₁ has been prepared and characterized with x up to 0.125 for y = 0. Partial substitution of U⁶⁺ for V⁵⁺ in Bi₄V₂O₁₁ leads to the stabilization at room temperature of the high-oxide ion conducting γ-phase, in contrast with other M⁶⁺ dopants which stabilize the β-phase. The lower conductivity in U substituted system compared with BICUVOX.10 is attributed to its higher activation energy. Conductivity values and activation energies of the U substituted phases compare well with Bi₂UO₆.     

钙钛矿锰氧化物(La_(1-x)Eu_x)_(4/3)Sr_(5/3)Mn_2O_7(x=0,0.15)的磁性和电性研究

通过传统固相反应法制备了钙钛矿锰氧化物(La1-xEux)4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7(x=0,0.15)多晶样品,并且对其磁性和电性进行了研究.磁性测量表明:随着温度的降低,样品经历了一个复杂的转变过程,在温度为T*时经历二维短程铁磁有序转变,在温度为TC时进入三维长程铁磁态.随着Eu的掺杂,T*和TC减小,并且样品(La0.85Eu0.15)4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7在低温区表现出自旋玻璃行为.电性质测量表明:在母体La4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7中La位掺杂Eu后电阻率明显变大,金属绝缘转变温度TMI降低,磁电阻峰值增大.这些影响归因于较小的Eu3+离子替代La3+离子导致平均离子半径减小,晶格发生畸变.此外,较小的Eu3+离子优先占据层间岩盐层的R-site,使La3+,Sr3+,Eu3+离子在(La0.85Eu0.15)4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7中的分布更加有序,所以x=0.15的样品的ρ-T曲线只有一个峰.     

Non-Fermi liquid regimes in U1−xMxPd2Al3(M=Y,Th)

The temperature-composition (T–x) phase diagram and NFL characteristics in the electrical resistivity ρ(T), specific heat C(T), and magnetic susceptibility χ(T) at low temperatures for the systems U_1−xM_xPd₂Al₃ (M=Y,Th) are described. The T–x phase diagram, the NFL characteristics, and the underlying mechanism for the NFL behavior are distinctly different for M=Y³⁺ and Th⁴⁺, apparently reflecting the difference in valence of the M atom substituents, and suggesting that U is tetravalent in these two systems.     

Nax/2Bi1−x/2MoxV1−xO4 and Bi1−x/3MoxV1−xO4 New Scheelite-related phases

New Scheelite-related solid solutions of the compositions Na_x/2Bi_1−x/2Mo_xV_1−xO₄ (0≤x≤1) and Bi_1−x/3 Mo_xV_1−xO₄(0≤x≤0.2) have been synthesised by the substitution of Na and Mo at the A and B sites respectively of the ABO₄ type ferroelastic BiVO₄. The phases were characterised using chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, EDAX, and Raman spectroscopy. While almost a continuous solid solution is obtained for the series Na_x/2Bi_1−x/2Mo_xV_1−xO₄, the absence of Na at the A-site results only in a narrow stability region for the other series, Bi_1−x/3 Mo_xV_1−xO₄ where 0≤x≤0.2. Raman spectra of selected samples at room temperature also suggest that vanadium and molybdenum atoms are disordered at the tetrahedral sites.     

Phonon Raman scattering in Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ and Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ single crystals

The polarized Raman spectra of Nd_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_7−δ (−0.023≤x≤0.107) and Pr_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_7−δ (0.01≤x≤0.15) single crystals have been investigated. It was found that the Cu(2) A_g mode softens by 6 cm⁻¹ in Nd 1:2:3 and 4 cm⁻¹ in Pr 1:2:3 as x increases. These frequency shifts cannot be explained by the change in the relevant bond lengths due to Nd(Pr)-substitution for Ba. The variations with x of the two low frequency modes may be affected by change of their hybridization and/or change of their force constants. The linewidths of Ba mode in Pr 1:2:3 are broader than those in Y 1:2:3. This result suggests that the Pr substitution on Ba sites occurred even in a very small value of x. In x(yy) geometry the relative intensity of the Ba and O(4) modes in Nd 1:2:3 is greater than those in Pr 1:2:3. The difference between Nd 1:2:3 and Pr 1:2:3 in the relative intensity of the Ba and O(4) modes may be produced by the chains.