蛋壳型Pd/α-Al2O3催化剂的制备及活性

采用浸渍法制备了蛋壳型Pd/α-Al2O3催化剂,并用于CO和亚硝酸甲酯气相合成草酸二甲酯反应,考察了活性层厚度对催化剂活性的影响.采用偏光显微镜和电感耦合等离子光谱技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,调节前驱体溶液的pH值可以控制活性组分在载体上的分布,从而得到不同钯层厚度的催化剂.这种活性组分位于催化剂外表面的蛋壳型催化剂可以提高活性组分的利用,使亚硝酸甲酯的转化率较高.另外考察了活性组分Pd负载量对催化剂浸渍深度和活性的影响.确定了催化剂活性组分的适宜负载量为0.10%,浸渍深度为16μm.     

球形催化剂活性作δ-函数分布时一级串连反应宏观动力学特性的解析解

传统的均匀型催化剂对内扩散阻力严重的串连反应、并串连反应和平行竞争反应的选择性,存在不少问题。化工生产的迅速发展对催化剂的活性分布作优化设计提出了迫切的要求,以期改善大颗粒催化剂的活性和选择性,延长使用周期,缩短活化时间,节省贵金属用量,提高经济效益。为此,本文导出了球形颗粒催化剂活性呈均匀、蛋壳和蛋黄三种分布时,串连一级反应的各组分在颗粒内的浓度剖面、催化剂的有效系数以及宏观选择性的解析式。     

基于详细机理动力学的费-托合成单颗粒催化剂模拟 Ⅱ.扩散反应行为及活性分布

 在催化剂颗粒模型化的基础上,考察了费－托合成多重反应体系\r\n中球型催化剂的颗粒尺寸、操作条件及反应物在催化剂颗粒内的扩散－\r\n反应行为等对反应性和选择性的影响．基于工业应用催化剂的考虑,从\r\n催化剂活性非均匀分布的角度,分析了蛋壳型催化剂应用于费－托合成\r\n的合理性．     

负载型ZnO/SiO2及ZnO-SiO2溶胶凝胶催化剂的表面结构研究

催化剂的表面结构不仅影响催化剂的催化活性, 而且还影响反应产物的选择性[1]. 制备催化剂的方法不同, 其表面结构及表面性质也不同[2~4]. 浸渍法简单实用, 有利于得到高分散、晶粒细小的高比表面催化剂, 而溶胶-凝胶法则由于其制备温度较低, 易于形成无定形的或介态的氧化物相[5]而可达到分子级的混合, 其活性组分能有效地嵌入网状结构中, 不易受外界的影响而聚集或长大, 因此对催化剂的稳定性更为有利[6,7].     

催化剂金属组份在载体中分布的控制

对于非扩散控制的反应,为取得大的内表面及高分散度,常采用均匀分布型催化剂.受传质限制或快速反应适宜用蛋壳型.为防止活性组份中毒或流化床、移动床中催化剂的磨损以及高空速固定床中活性组份的流失等,则采用蛋白型或蛋黄型分布的催化剂,从而延长催化剂使用寿命,例如汽车尾气处理用的Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂. 浸渍过程是决定活性组份分布的关键.为改变Pt在Al_2O_3中的分布,通常在H_2PtCl_3     

在钴、锰负载型催化剂上甲烷的催化氧化

甲烷的低温催化燃烧不仅可以提高能源的利用率 ,还能降低燃烧过程中氮氧化物的排放 ,从而降低大气污染。Ｐｄ催化剂对于甲烷的完全氧化活性很高 ,但其价格昂贵[1] ,并且在水蒸气中的活性受到一定的抑制[2 ] 。故开发研究用非贵金属催化剂进行甲烷的催化氧化问题受到了国内外研究者的极大关注[3～ 5] 。最近 ,李振花等曾报道在 10 %Ｐｄ ＺｒＯ2 催化剂上 ,甲烷完全氧化活性最高 ,他们还发现Ｐｄ Ｃｏ ＺｒＯ2 负载型双金属催化剂也具有较好的反应活性 ,但他们未报道水蒸气的影响[6] 。本文研究了Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ等非贵金属氧化物负载…     

磷对CoMoP浸渍液及催化剂活性组分结构影响的激光拉曼光谱法研究

采用激光拉曼光谱技术(LRS)对CoMoP浸渍液以及浸渍后的样品进行表征,研究了磷含量对CoMoP浸渍液中活性相前躯体结构的影响以及在浸渍后处理过程中对活性相结构的影响.实验结果表明,当CoMoP浸渍液中磷含量较低时,活性组分主要以CoxH6-2x[P2Mo5O23]、CoxH7-2x[PMo11O39]或CoxH3-2x[PMo9O31]以及CoxH3-2x[PMo12O40]结构存在,随着磷添加量的增加,后3种结构转化成CoxH6-2x[P2Mo5O23].提高磷含量有利于抑制活性组分在氧化铝表面分解成七聚钼酸盐.活性组分在载体吸附和催化剂焙烧过程中,在Mo和P之间存在相互作用,[P2Mo5O23]6-结构在焙烧过程中会发生解离.干燥样品经过高温焙烧后,催化剂中出现四面体配位和八面体配位的钼物种.     

担载Ru-Co原子簇催化剂在乙烯甲酰化中的催化行为

众所周知，催化活性和选择性与活性组分的粒度、结构有很大的关系，而通过金属有机原子簇化合物载于无机载体上可以获得金属高分散度和金属组分组成均匀的催化剂，在一系列反应中显示了较高的活性和选择性[1-3]．在前面的研究中，肖丰收等报导了担载的Ru－CO双金属原子簇催化剂在CO＋H2反应中对含氧化合物的形成显示了很高的活性和选择性[4-5]．在本文中，作者利用红外光谱等技术研究了在SiO2担载的Ru－Co双金属原子簇催化剂上乙烯甲酸化反应，并对含氧化合物的形成机理进行了讨论．1实验部分在催化剂的制备过程中所有的操作都是在高纯…     

焙烧温度对Cu/ZrO2和Cu-La2O3/ZrO2催化性能的影响

Cu／ZrO2催化剂作为一种新型的甲醇合成催化剂,和Cu-Zn-Al催化剂相比,具有优良的催化活性[1,2]．Cu／ZrO2催化剂中活性中心及合成甲醇的反应机理与Cu-Zn-Al催化剂有较大差别,铜锆分散度及界面大小对甲醇合成活性有重要影响,如Keoppel等人研究发现,当Cu／ZrO2催化剂焙烧温度达到923K,ZrO2发生晶化,严重影响铜锆界面从而显著降低催化剂的活性[3]．ZrO2作为p型半导体,在催化剂中不仅起对催化剂活性组分进行支撑和分散作用,它可与催化剂活性组分产生独特的相互作用．近年来,铜锆之间的相互作用及协同效应日益受到人们重视[4…     

硅胶负载聚乙烯吡啶-聚[苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸]-钯催化剂的结构研究

利用X-光电子能谱、紫外-可见光谱、电子显微镜等技术研究了硅胶负载的聚乙烯吡啶-聚[苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸]-钯催化剂的结构.发现催化剂中活性组分除钯(0)外,还存在少量钯(Ⅱ).第二种高分子的存在可以影响钯(Ⅱ)的相对含量.催化剂中钯以很小的粒子均匀分布在载体上,因此具有良好的催化加氢性能.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.