The long-term optical behavior of BL Lac object S5 0716+714

BL Lac object S5 0716+714 is a well-studied object.In this paper,the available optical(BVRI) data of this source are compiled,and the B-,V-,R-and I-band light curves are constructed.Each of them is analyzed by means of the discrete correlation function(DCF) method,the structure function(SF) method and the z-transformed discrete correlation function(ZDCF) method.The results imply that there is a possible periodic variation of 1211 days in each passband light curve.The source varies violently and complicatedly,and exhibits a brightening trend in the light curves.     

基于Logistic回归模型的Blazar天体的分类

从文献中收集了205个Blazar天体,包括142个BL Lac天体和63个平谱射电类星体(FSRQs).对这些天体的类别与它们的红移、射电5 GHz辐射流量、光学V波段流量、1 keV处X射线流量、X射线光子谱指数进行了相关性和Logistic回归分析.结果表明,对Blazar天体分类产生主要影响的因素是红移、射电5 GHz辐射流量和X射线光子谱指数,综合应用这三个物理量判别Blazar天体的分类的准确率可达到91.2%,得到的分类方程具有良好的预测效果,可以作为Blazar天体分类的一个重要的判据.而光学V波段流量和1 keV处X射线流量不能区分开BL Lac天体和FSRQs,它们与Blazar天体分类没有相关性.本文结果支持将BL Lac天体和FSRQs归为Blazar天体,不同类别的Blazar天体之间能通过一种演化序列相联系. 关键词： Logistic 分类 Blazar天体     

Integrated BVRIJHK photometry of galactic globular clusters

Summary We present preliminary BVRI photometric data of 22 galactic globular clusters of the Southern hemisphere. The observations were carried out at the ESO Observatory, during two observing runs in August 1988 (VRI) and March 1989 (BVRI). In both periods half of the total number of nights was used to perform near-infrared (JHK) photometry of the same clusters: the goal of this quasi-contemporary photometry was to obtain a homogeneus sample of galactic clusters photometric observations, on a wavelength range as wide as possible. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990.     

GaAs travelling-wave optical modulator using a coplanar slow-wave electrode with periodic overlays

A coplanar slow-wave electrode with periodic cross-tie overlays has been used to satisfy the essential phase velocity matching between the modulation and optical waves for wideband travelling-wave optical modulators. For an optimized modulator of 4 mm length at 1.3 m light wavelength, the calculated halfwave modulation voltage (23 V) is slightly higher than that (20 V) of conventional coplanar modulators but the 3 dB bandwidth (100 GHz) is much wider than the bandwidth limit (30 GHz) of walkoff-limited conventional coplanar modulators. The measured effective index (4.61) of the modulation wave is much higher than that (2.65) of conventional coplanar electrodes and agrees very well with the calculated one (4.25).     

基于光饱和影响校正的作物叶绿素分布光谱成像检测

叶绿素含量是作物光合能力与营养评价的重要指标,因此快速检测作物叶绿素含量与分布可为作物营养动态分析与长势评估提供支持。基于RGB(Red, Green, Blue)和NIR(Near Infrared)多光谱图像的获取,开展玉米作物营养状态分布光谱学成像检测。构建了多光谱图像采集平台获取RGB和NIR图像,研究了基于光饱和校正算法的RGB图像的光饱和校正与NIR图像去噪方法,通过图像的匹配分割,冠层的提取校正,建立了基于冠层图像的作物SPAD值检测模型与分布成图。采集15株玉米植株RGB-NIR图像,并同步获取不同植株,不同位置共68个叶绿素含量指标SPAD值。首先对RGB图像进行光饱和校正,再对NIR图像进行滤波和图像增强,其次对RGB和NIR图像进行了SURF(speeded-up robust features)和RANSAC(random sample consensus)图像匹配,利用RGB图像的颜色特征,采用ExG(Extra Green)和OTSU算法生成分割掩模,对RGB图像和NIR图像进行分割提取,提取图像的R, G, B和NIR分量,利用4阶灰度板进行反射率校正,然后计算作物图像中像素级P_SPAD值,并建立图像P_SPAD值与叶绿素仪SPAD值的拟合模型,最后绘制作物SPAD分布图。通过HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity)彩色模型中的I分量直方图对比去饱和前后光分布范围,以作物SPAD值分布图验证光饱和校正算法对作物叶绿素含量分布检测提升的效果。RGB图像光饱和校正前I分量集中在[140～180]之间,光饱和校正后的RGB图像I分量集中在[85～130]之间, 校正了相机成像时产生模糊和RGB图像饱和。对分割后的RGB图像和NIR图像提取R,G,B,NIR分量进行4阶灰度板校正,相关系数分别为0.829,0.828,0.745和0.994,进而生成R,G,B和NIR四波段的反射率伪彩色图像,反射率R_NIR＞R_C＞R_R＞R_B。体现了作物的在蓝光和红光区域吸收光,在绿光区域和近红外区域反射光的光谱特性。校正前后的R和NIR分量反射率计算图像P_SPAD值拟合叶绿素含量指标SPAD值的模型结果显示,校正前R2为0.332 6,校正后R2为0.619 3,绘制作物的SPAD特征分布图,可为作物的营养动态快速分析与分布检测提供技术支持。     

Research on phosphor-conversion laser-based white light used as optical source of VLC and illumination

Visible light communication (VLC) based on light emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes (LDs) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Due to the advantages of laser diodes based on nitrides, such as small size, high brightness, visible light and high bandwidth, it can be applied to illumination and communication at the same time. In this paper, blue laser and yellow phosphors were employed to synthesize white light. And “efficiency droop” is not observed in the LIV characteristics of LD-based white light either. The bandwidth measurement system with high reliability was set up. The bandwidth of blue laser diode and phosphor-conversion laser-based white light was measured. The maximum of optical ?3 dB bandwidth of blue LD is around 1.8 GHz at 80 mA and maximum of optical ?3 dB bandwidth of white light is about 1.3 GHz at 60 mA. The color parameters of the synthetic white light were characterized through integrating sphere. Moreover the trends of test data with injection current were analyzed in detail. The problem of thermal degradation of yellow phosphors has been improved by a special design that can keep a certain distance between the blue laser diode and phosphors. The experiment results verified that laser diodes based on nitrides have promising applications in lighting and communications.     

The characteristic periodicity analysis of the radio flux variability of quasar PKS 1510-089

A wavelet analysis method is introduced to study the possible periods of PKS 1510-089 in radio bands. By compiling the radio light curve of PKS 1510-089 at frequencies of 22 and 37 GHz from 1990 to 2005, and using the wavelet analysis method, the evidence of quasi-periodic activity in PKS 1510-089 was obtained. The results indicate that: (1) There are two stable outburst periods of T1=(1.80±0.06) yr and T2= (0.90±0.07) yr presenting in the isoplethal map of PKS 1510-089 at the radio band 37 GHz; (2) there i...     

Fabrication of an electro-absorption modulated distributed feedback laser by quantum well intermixing with etching ion-implantation buffer layer

We report the fabrication details of a monolithically integrated electro-absorption modulated distributed feedback laser(EML) based on the ion-implantation induced quantum well intermixing(QWI) technique.To well-preserve material quality in the laser region, thermal-oxide Si O2 is deposited before implantation and the ion-implantation buffer layer is etched before annealing. Thirteen pairs quantum well and barrier are employed to compensate deterioration of the modulator's extinction ratio(ER) caused by the QWI process.The fabricated EML exhibits an 18 d B static ER at 5 V reverse bias. The 3 d B small signal modulation bandwidth of modulator is over 13.5 GHz indicating that this EML is a suitable light source for over 16 Gb/s optical transmission links.     

Electronic structure and optical properties of Sb2S3 crystal

The electronic and optical properties of Sb₂S₃ are studied using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method as implemented in Wien2k. In this approach, the alternative form of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) proposed by Engel and Vosko (EV-GGA) was used for the exchange correlation potential. The calculated band structure shows a direct band gap. The contribution of different bands was analyzed from total and partial density of states curves. Moreover, the optical properties, including the dielectric function, absorption spectrum, refractive index, extinction coefficient, reflectivity and energy-loss spectrum are all obtained and analyzed in detail.     

Electronic,optical properties,surface energies and work functions of Ag8SnS6: First-principles method

Ternary metal chalcogenide semiconductor Ag8Sn S6,which is an efficient photocatalyst under visible light radiation,is studied by plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory.After geometry optimization,the electronic and optical properties are studied.A scissor operator value of 0.81 e V is introduced to overcome the underestimation of the calculation band gaps.The contribution of different bands is analyzed by virtue of total and partial density of states.Furthermore,in order to understand the optical properties of Ag8Sn S6,the dielectric function,absorption coefficient,and refractive index are also performed in the energy range from 0 to 11 e V.The absorption spectrum indicates that Ag8Sn S6has a good absorbency in visible light area.Surface energies and work functions of(411),(4 13),(21 1),and(112)orientations have been calculated.These results reveal the reason for an outstanding photocatalytic activity of Ag8Sn S6.     

Zn(BTZ)2白色有机电致发光材料的合成及其器件制备

以PCl₃为脱水剂,将邻氨基硫酚与水杨酸脱水环化合成出2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑,并进一步将所得产物与乙酸锌反应合成出2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑螯合锌(Zn(BTZ)₂)材料。以该配合物作为发光层制备出结构为ITO/PVK:TPD/Zn(BTZ)₂/Al近白色电致发光器件,其色坐标位于白场之内(x=0.242,y=0.359),在驱动电压为16V时,亮度达3200cdm²,对应的量子效率为0.32%。进一步在Zn(BTZ)₂中掺入橙红色染料Rubrene,制成ITO/PVK:TPD/Zn(BTZ)₂:Rubrene/Al结构器件,实现了纯白色发光(色坐标值:x=0.324,y=0.343),非常接近于白色等能点,且量子效率达0.47%。最后对上述器件的发光和电学性能进行了深入的研究和探讨。     

A numerical study on the contribution of melting layer composed by coated ice spheres to the upwelling brightness temperatures in TMI channels using VDISORT algorithm

To examine the influence of bright band on the retrieval of precipitation rate, the performance of melting layer composed by coated ice precipitable particles on the satellite-based measurement of polarized microwave brightness temperatures is discussed in this article by a vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer model. After comparing the simulated brightness temperatures in different TMI channels with and without the melting layer, we conclude that: (1) The melting layer composed by liquid-coated ice spheres weakens the upwelling microwave brightness temperatures because of the absorption/emission effect caused by the liquid coat. This effect is more conspicuous in middle and high frequency channels (19, 37 and 85 GHz) but, in 85 GHz channel, with the increase of rain rate, the multi-scattering can weaken its effect. (2) In a specific frequency, the horizontally polarized brightness temperature is more severely weakened by the melting layer than the vertically polarized. With the “cold” background (ocean surface, for example), this character is more conspicuous than that with a warm background. That is to say, the inner structure of a cloud system is easier to be detected under a cold background. Only in the 85 GHz frequency and when the rain rate is larger than 4 mm/h can we find that the vertically polarized brightness temperature is more severely weakened than the horizontally polarized one. (3) The melting layer with the assumption of coated ice spheres can change the difference of brightness temperatures between the vertically and horizontally polarized channels in the same frequency. In general, the value of such difference with the assumption of melting layer is larger than that without it. With a warm background, this value is negative and only in middle frequency (37 GHz), it is both stable and conspicuous.     

低空遥感平台下可见光与多光谱传感器在水稻纹枯病病害评估中的效果对比研究

高效无损地评估农作物病害等级,对于实际农业生产和研究都具有重要意义。研究探讨了基于低空无人机遥感平台进行水稻纹枯病病害等级评估的可行性,分析可见光与多光谱传感器的光谱响应差异及其对感病水稻光谱反射率获取的影响,并定量对比两种传感器的病害监测效果。实验研究区由67个不同品种的水稻小区组成,每块小区均分为相接的纹枯病接种区和侵染区。以大疆精灵Phantom 3 Advanced小型消费级无人机作为搭载平台,分别搭载该无人机系统自带的可见光传感器和MicasenseRedEdgeTM多光谱传感器获取遥感影像。同时,通过植保专家现场调查的方式识别病害等级,并利用Trimble公司的手持式NDVI测量仪获取实测NDVI值。基于影像拼接、波段叠合、辐射校正后的预处理结果,对可见光图像的接种区和侵染区共134个小区计算七种可见光植被指数,即NDI（normalized difference index）, ExG（excess green）, ExR（excess red）, ExG-ExR,B*,G*,R*,多光谱图像除上述可见光指数外再计算NDVI（normalized difference vegetation index）, RVI（ratio vegetation index）和NDWI（normalized difference water Index）三种多光谱植被指数。将计算得到的图像植被指数与地面实测NDVI进行相关性分析,以选取两种传感器的最优图像植被指数建立水稻纹枯病病害等级反演模型。相关性分析结果表明,基于多光谱传感器计算的图像NDVI与实测NDVI拟合度最高,接种区R2为0.914,RMSE为0.024,侵染区R2为0.863,RMSE为0.024。对于可见光传感器,NDI与实测NDVI的相关性最好,接种区R2为0.875,RMSE为0.011,侵染区R2为0.703,RMSE为0.014。比较两种传感器两种区域的同一图像植被指数与实测NDVI的一致性,除B*外,NDI,ExR,ExG-ExR,G*,ExG,R*与实测NDVI基本属于高度相关,在病害严重的接种区,两种传感器对水稻纹枯病的监测效果相近,但在病害相对较轻的侵染区,多光谱传感器的监测更为精确灵敏。基于多光谱图像NDVI建立的病害等级反演模型,R2达到0.624,RMSE为0.801,预测精度达到90.04%,模型效果良好。而基于可见光图像NDI建立的反演模型,R2为0.580,RMSE为0.847,预测精度为89.45%,效果稍差。对比分析可见光与多光谱传感器的光谱响应曲线,可见光传感器可获取可见光范围的红、绿、蓝三个波段,波段范围互相重叠,多光谱传感器包含五个成像单元,可独立获取从可见光到近红外的五个窄波光谱波段,提供更加准确的光谱信息。比较传感器获取的接种区和侵染区水稻平均反射率曲线得出,多光谱传感器不仅在可见光波段反映了较可见光传感器更强的差异,在红边和近红外波段差异则更加明显,这说明专业窄波段传感器在病害监测方面较宽波段消费级传感器更有优势。综上所述,基于可见光与多光谱传感器的低空无人机遥感平台进行水稻纹枯病病害等级评估是可行的,多光谱传感器精确灵敏,可用于纹枯病的早期监测,可见光传感器效果稍差但经济易于推广。研究结果为病虫害防治提供决策支持,有助于推动实现精准农业,保障粮食安全。     

衍射光学透镜色散特性的仿真研究

在白光照射下,衍射光学透镜的焦距不仅同材料色散和波长色散有关,而且还同孔径因子有关。基于折射率随波长变化的经验公式,利用自编的仿真计算程序包,得到了透镜焦距、材料色散、波长色散、孔径因子之间的关系曲线。所获得的理论分析和仿真计算结果为进一步设计消色差的纯衍射目视光学系统提供了理论依据,具有一定的指导意义。     

Effect of anionic ordering on the electronic and optical properties of BaTaO_2N:TB-mBJ density functional calculation

This report presents a first-principles investigation of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of perovskite oxynitrides BaTaO_2 N by means of density functional theory(DFT) calculations using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave(FP-LAPW) method. Three possible structures(P4mm, I4/mmm, and Pmma) are considered according to the TaO_4N_2 octahedral configurations. The calculated structural parameters are found to be in good agreement with the previous theoretical and experimental results. Moreover, the electronic band structure dispersion, total, and partial densities of electron states are investigated to explain the origin of bandgaps and the contribution of each orbital's species in the valence and the conduction bands. The calculated minimum bandgaps of the P4 mm, I4/mmm, and Pmma structures are 1.83 e V, 1.59 e V, and 1.49 e V, respectively. Furthermore, the optical properties represented by the dielectric functions calculated for BaTaO_2 N show that the I4/mmm phase absorbs the light at a large window in both the visible and UV regions,whereas the other two structures(P4mm and Pmma) are more active in the UV region. Our investigations provide important information for the potential application of this material.     

Demonstration of 100 GHz electrically tunable liquid-crystal Bragg gratings for application in dynamic optical networks

We demonstrate liquid-crystal-based integrated optical devices with >140 GHz electrical tuning for potential applications in dynamic optical networks. Bragg wavelength tuning covering five 25 GHz wavelength-division multiplexing channel spacing has been achieved with 170 V (peak-to-peak) sinusoidal voltages applied across electropatterned indium tin oxide-covered glass electrodes placed 60 microm apart. This tunability range was limited only by the initial grating strength and supply voltage level. We also observed two distinct threshold behaviors that manifest during increase of supply voltage, resulting in a hysteresis in the tuning curve for both TE and TM input light.     

Ultra-Broad-Band LiNbO3 Electro-Optic Modulators with Novel Complex Electrode

The characteristics of Z- cut LiNbO3 optical modulators with novel complex electrode are discussed by using the finite element method (FEM) and studied experimentally in this paper. The travelling wave electrode consists of upper and lower parts. It can easily realize phase velocity matching between microwave and optical wave and drastically reduce microwave electrode loss. An electrooptic modulator with larger than 100 GHz bandwidth and half wave voltage 6 V is designed, fabricated and measured. Vπ is 5.1 V and the attenuation coefficient a0 is 0.3 dB/(cm· GHz1/2 ). The experimental results show that the modulator has great potentiality for expanding bandwidth.     

Ultra-Broad-Band LiNbO_3 Electro-Optic Modulators with Novel Complex Electrode

1 IntroductionFOr LiNbO3 modulators, the bandwidth is mainly restricted by the microwaveattenuation of the travelling--wave electrode and the phase velocity ndsmatch betWeenmicrowave and optical wave in the devices. When the phase velocity matching issatisfied it is very i~rtant to decrease the microwave attenuation for expandingbandwidth. The thecrowave propagating lOSS is the main source Of the microwaveattenuation in the interactive region. The larger the cross-sectional area or the lOn…     

Design of a Common Ellipsoidal Mirror for the Focalization of Several Radioastronomic Bands: New Method and Application to Three Bands

The design of a common ellipsoidal mirror for the focalization of several radioastronomic bands, by means of a straightforward method, is presented. Three bands centered at 100, 80 and 45 GHz are chosen for the validation of the method. Quasi-optics theory is used to design an optical system that can focalize several bands with the minimum possible optic elements, and also to share the maximum of them. Lenses, mirrors, feeder dimensions and the distances among each component necessaries for the focalization in each band are calculated. The simultaneous design in several radioastronomic observation bands reduces the cost of manufacturing, the total number of optic elements and the density of optical elements on the receiver cabin.     

原儿茶酸和藜芦酸与生物大分子相互作用的光谱学研究

原儿茶酸(P)和藜芦酸(V)属于酚酸类化合物, 具有广泛的生理和药理活性。应用荧光光谱,紫外光谱等方法研究了P和V与鱼精DNA(fsDNA)的相互作用机理。紫外光谱显示P和V在190～230 nm(K吸收带)、230～270 nm(B吸收带)和270～310 nm(R吸收带)有3个较强的吸收带。在280 nm激发光波长时,位于338和334 nm处有强的荧光发射峰,其荧光发射峰在与fsDNA结合后发生明显的猝灭现象。P和V的stern-volmer猝灭速率常数分别1.03×1012和0.61×1012 L·mol-1·s-1,为静态猝灭机理。药物与DNA之间形成了复合物,结合常数分别为K_fsDNA/P=6.22×106 L·mol-1、K_fsDNA/V=1.57×104 L·mol-1。研究表明,V与DNA之间的结合比为1∶1,而P可以与DNA分子中的两个碱基发生结合,这与P分子中的两个酚羟基有关。P和V的结构对它们与DNA的结合方式有较大的影响。