CO32-掺杂纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的合成与表征

CO32-掺杂是提高纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)生物活性的有效方法之一。以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和Na3PO4·12H2O为主要原料,Na2CO3作为CO2-3来源,合成纳米碳羟基磷灰石(n-CHA)晶体。采用TEM,XRD,FTIR,RS对合成晶体形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明:合成的n-HA晶体长度约为60~80nm,宽度在20~30nm之间,形状为针状,具有良好的结晶度,与自然骨磷灰石形貌相似;n-CHA晶体随CO2-3掺入量的增加,结晶度降低;合成的n-CHA晶体的晶胞参数a值随着CO2-3加入量的增大不断收缩,但c值增大,参数比c/a值增大,符合B型取代(取代PO3-4)的晶胞参数变化规律。红外谱图中,872cm-1附近出现AB混合型取代(同时取代OH-,PO3-4)的CO2-3面外弯曲振动特征红外峰,同时CO2-3的不对称伸缩振动红外峰在1 454和1 420cm-1附近出现分裂峰,1 540cm-1附近出现弱CO2-3峰;1 122cm-1附近出现CO2-3对称伸缩振动拉曼峰,1 071cm-1附近出现CO2-3的B型替代特征拉曼峰,通过计算PO3-4,CO2-3,OH-拉曼峰的积分面积比PO3-4/CO2-3,OH-/CO23,PO3-4/OH-,表明CO2-3在替换时,先以B型为主,随着CO2-3掺入量的增加,发生A型替代(取代OH-)。实验结果表明,合成的磷灰石晶体为B型取代(取代PO3-4)为主的AB混合型取代的n-CHA。与人骨磷灰石晶体在形态、尺寸、晶体结构和生长方式上具有相似性,可称为类骨磷灰石。     

Al2O3-P2O5-H2O反应体系产物以及高温产物的光谱特征

以磷酸和氢氧化铝为原料,选取不同工艺合成了系列磷酸铝。用FTIR,XRD,Raman和SEM研究了相关产物阴离子基团的红外图谱变化和三聚磷酸二氢铝的热变化过程的光谱性质以及颗粒形貌的变化。当改变P2O5/Al2O3摩尔比或者缩合温度时,可以看到磷酸根形式H2PO4-,PO34-,H2P3O130-和PO3-的红外光谱特征的变化,P—O键的振动峰随着聚合程度的增加向短波长方向移动,而且峰宽增加。当三聚磷酸二氢铝经高温处理后,拉曼和红外光谱显示了聚合磷酸根中微结构间的相互作用引起P—O键伸缩振动频率增大以及结晶水的变化趋势,随着组成变化的同时,其颗粒的层状结构层厚度增加,层边界趋于模糊,直至呈现熔体状态。     

一种新型钼磷酸盐杂多化合物(NH3CH2CH2NH3)7H2[NaMo12O30(PO4)2(HPO4)5(H2PO4)]·7H2O的合成和光谱研究

本文采用水热反应条件 ,合成得到一种新型的含五价钼原子的杂多化合物 :(NH3CH2 CH2 NH3) 7H2[NaMo1 2 O30 (PO4 ) 2 (HPO4 ) 5(H2 PO4 ) ]·7H2 O ,在晶体结构测定的基础上对其进行红外、拉曼和紫外 可见漫反射光谱研究。结果表明 :较长的Mo(Ⅴ )—O键键长和分子内大量的氢键造成化合物红外光谱特征的红移。     

(H_2dap)_6H[V_(12)B_(16)O_(54)(OH)_4]·12H_2O(dap=1,2-diaminopropane)的水热合成、结构及谱学研究

采用水热合成法合成了一种结构新颖的多硼钒氧簇化合物(H2dap)6H[V12B16O54(OH)4]·12H2O(dap=1,2-diaminopropane),对化合物1进行了单晶X射线衍射,结果表明化合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,晶胞参数a=19.027(4),b=16.142(3),c=26.679(5),α=90°,β=101.06(3)°,γ=90°,V=8 042(3)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.962g·cm-3,μ=1.456mm-1,F(000)=4 776,7 635个可观察独立衍射点射点[I2σ(I)],最后结构精修到偏离因子R1=0.0626,wR2=0.192 7,S=1.003。该化合物的结构主要由V12B16簇单元和作为抗衡离子的1,2-丙二胺组成,且簇单元之间通过强氢键N—H…O和弱氢键C—H…O的作用连接成了二维的层状结构,层与层之间也是通过氢键的作用连接成了三维的超分子结构。此外,对化合物1进行了红外光谱、磁微扰下的二维红外相关光谱、热微扰下的二维红外相关光谱以及紫外-可见固体漫反射光谱分析的表征,探讨了化合物1的结构与谱学性质的关系。红外光谱表明νas(V—Oμ)反对称伸缩振动吸收峰和νs(V—Oμ)对称伸缩振动吸收峰分别出现在775和683cm-1,而BO3中的ν(B—O)键的振动吸收峰以及BO4四面体中的δ(B—O)的振动吸收峰分别出现在1 350和1 050cm-1,磁微扰的二维红外相关光谱表明B—O和V—O—V的伸缩振动对于磁场的变化具有敏感的响应峰,热微扰的二维红外相关光谱表明B—OH,B—O和V—O—V的伸缩振动时热微扰具有敏感的响应峰。     

K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+的合成及发光性能

以CaCl2、K2B4O7和Nd2O3为原料,采用易于工业化、无污染的水溶液法反应合成碱-碱土金属硼酸盐K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+晶体,利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、荧光分光度计等现代分析测试手段,对所合成晶体进行了分析和表征.结果表明,所制备的K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+晶型发育良好、形貌规整.基质本身具有上转换发光特性,K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+的发光强度较基质弱.当激发源为828 nm时,材料呈橙红色光.     

稀土N，N＇-双（2-吡啶甲酰胺）-1，2-乙烷配合物合成及与DNA的作用

合成了四种N，N＇-双（2-吡啶甲酰胺）-1，2-乙烷（H2L）稀土配合物。经过对元素分析，红外光谱，紫外光谱，热重分析和摩尔电导值的分析，确定配合物的组成为：[Ln（H2L）（NO3）2]（NO3）·3H2O（Ln=Sm，Eu，Gd，Tb）。光谱测试结果表明：配体H2L中酰胺羰基氧和吡啶氮分别与稀土离子配位，硝酸根为双齿配体，Ln（Ⅲ）与H2L形成了1：1的螯合物。另外，通过紫外光谱、荧光光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱方法对Sm配合物与DNA之间的作用进行了初步的研究。实验结果显示随着DNA的加入[Sm（H2L）（NO3）2]（NO3）·3H2O配合物在265m处的紫外吸收峰逐渐减小，并产生红移现象，得到配合物与DNA的结合常数为1．24×10^5.Sm配合物使EB-DNA体系发生荧光猝灭，由于配合物和EB争夺与DNA的结合位点，从而使体系中游离的EB增多。表面增强拉曼光谱峰的变化亦显示随着DNA的加入配合物的谱峰强度减弱，同时1282cm^-1处的谱峰消失，说明配体的吡啶环在一定程度上插入了DNA的双螺旋平面，导致吡啶环的电子云密度发生改变。以上结果表明配合物和DNA发生了显著的作用。     

三例同构稀土/钨氧簇化合物二维红外相关光谱研究

多酸化合物(POMs)是一类重要的多金属氧簇,由过渡金属在其高氧化态(V~Ⅴ, Nb~Ⅴ, Ta~Ⅴ,Mo~Ⅵ,Mo~Ⅴ及W~Ⅵ)与氧桥联的簇阴离子组成。在前人研究基础(H_2en)_2{SiW_(11)O_(39)Sm(H_2O)_2}·(H_3O)·6H_2O之上,改变稀土盐,成功合成了与其同构的三例晶体(H_2en)_2{SiW_(11)O_(39)Ln(H_2O)_2}·(H_3O)·6H_2O[Ln=Ce(1), Pr(2), Nd(3)], X-射线单晶衍射实验测得四者属于三斜晶系,■空间群,晶胞参数一致,表明它们晶体结构相同; X-射线粉末衍射实验显示四者峰位相同,表明物相一致。此类同构的晶体,由于簇阴离子相同,仅取代的稀土离子不同,在许多表征方式上,显示出类似的现象,例如一维红外光谱吸收曲线相似,在1 039, 949, 889和787 cm~(-1)均出现了归属于Keggin簇阴离子骨架的振动吸收,在3 600～3 300和1 600～1 630 cm~(-1)附近均出现ν_(as)(O—H)及δ(O—H)的吸收峰,在3 277, 2 927和2 855 cm~(-1)内均出现了乙二胺配体N—H和C—H伸缩振动峰。但是磁微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,磁性粒子对磁场响应很敏感,热微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,易于捕捉氢键振动模式的细微变化。因此,二维红外光谱可以用于精细测定分子结构,并且此类同构钨氧簇合物的二维红外光谱对比分析还未见报道。磁微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,化合物1在468, 560和810 cm~(-1)出现响应峰,分别归属于ν_(as)(Ce—O),骨架ν(W—O),ν_(as)(W—O_b)。化合物2在450,464和475 cm~(-1)出现ν_(as)(Pr—O), 570和675 cm~(-1)处响应峰归属于骨架ν(W—O)。化合物3在452, 468和472 cm~(-1)处响应峰归属于ν_(as)(Nd—O), 518, 533, 545, 565和695 cm~(-1)响应峰为骨架ν(W—O)。化合物1, 2, 3归属于骨架ν(W—O)的响应峰数目增多,这是由于磁微扰下的二维红外光谱, Ce~(3+), Pr~(3+), Nd~(3+)价电子组态分别为4f~1, 4f~2, 4f~3,价电子数增加,磁性粒子Ln~(3+)对邻近W—O键影响变大。热微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,化合物1, 2, 3均在400 cm~(-1)左右出现了ν_(as)(Ln—O)响应峰, 810, 860和940 cm~(-1)左右均出现了ν_(as)(W—O_b)和ν_(as)(W—O_d)的响应峰,这是由于三个化合物的簇骨架相同,氢键相同。但是化合物1, 2, 3的ν_(as)(W—O)振动响应最强峰分别出现在810, 850和855 cm~(-1),这可能由于取代在簇骨架上的Ln离子极性不同,对邻近W—O键偶极矩产生不同影响。因此通过二维红外光谱,可以很好地对此类同构的稀土取代钨氧簇的异同点进行分析。     

偏磷酸根(PO-3)对氟铝酸盐玻璃透光性能影响

在氟铝酸盐玻璃（AMCSBY）中引入Ba(PO3）2替代BaF2,替代公式为10MgF2-20CaF2-(10-x)BaF2-10SrF2-15YF3-35AlF3-xBa(PO3)2(x=,2,4,6,8)。对玻璃进行了差热分析，结果表明，在氟铝酸盐玻璃中引入偏磷酸盐使玻璃形成能力大大提高；测量了玻璃从紫外到红外的透过光谱和紫外吸收光谱，在玻璃中引入偏磷酸钡使玻璃中红外透过能力下降，红外吸收边带移向短波段，玻璃紫外透过能力得到提高。紫外吸收边带移向紫外波段，由于PO3^-的影响，O－H吸收峰由2830nm移到3145nm。     

自受激拉曼晶体Nd3+:SrMoO4的光谱性质研究

通过拉曼散射光谱,吸收光谱,荧光发射寿命和808 nm LD激发下的红外荧光光谱的实验测量,系统研究了Nd3+:SrMoO4晶体的自受激拉曼光谱性质.分析指认了拉曼散射光谱中各拉曼峰所对应的晶格振动模式,得出了其SRS活性最强的声子频率约为898 cm-1,对应于(MoO24-)离子团的完全对称光学伸缩振动Ag模;通过J-O理论对晶体的吸收谱进行了全面的光谱参数计算,得出4F3/2→I11/2跃迁的积分发射截面达O.57×10-18cm2,自发辐射概率为141.06s-1;同时,实验测得该跃迁的荧光发射寿命约为O.2 ms.最后,结合808 nm LD激发下的红外波段荧光光谱,论证了SrMoO4晶体中Nd3+离子1068 nm发射通过拉曼频移获得1180 nm一级斯托克斯激光发射的可能性,为Nd3+:SrMoO4晶体的自受激拉曼激光器研究提供了理论依据.     

K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+的合成及发光性能

以CaCl2、K2B4O7和Nd2O3为原料,采用易于工业化、无污染的水溶液法反应合成碱-碱土金属硼酸盐K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+晶体,利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、荧光分光度计等现代分析测试手段,对所合成晶体进行了分析和表征.结果表明,所制备的K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3...     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.