高含量锗物料中锗的滴定法测定

从碘酸钾容量法测定高含量锗物料中锗量的关键步骤蒸馏分离入手,分析了方法误差的原因,推出了一套设计合理、无泄漏、易于操作的蒸馏装置,使用该蒸馏装置蒸馏分离效果好,标准回收率高,测定结果精密高,具有推广价值。     

大量钴铜镓镍锌存在下锗的快速测定

本文介绍了在大量Ｃｏ，Ｃｕ，Ｇａ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ存在下，简便快速测定Ｇｅ的分析方法，经过蒸馏，将Ｇｅ与大量的Ｃｏ，Ｃｕ，Ｇａ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ分离，然后用分光光度法测定Ｇｅ含量，此分析方法已成功地应用于放射性核素＾６８Ｇｅ的生产流程研究中，获得满意效果。     

龙头山饮用天然锗泉水概况

报告了龙头山饮用天然锗泉水的锗浓度，水质和保健作用等概况。     

杂氮锗三环类化合物中锗氮间键本质的量子化学研究

应用量子化学SCC-DV-X_a方法对含取代基R杂氮锗三环类化合物中锗—氮成键的微观本质进行了量子化学研究。提出了Ge←N间键主要是Ge 4_s—N2_s轨道相互作用生成的σ配键,而含取代基R—Ge—N三中心键除了具有σ键外,还存在微弱的三中心π键,Ge 4d轨道参与了此π键的组成;对比了Ge←N和Si←N键的性质,以及两类化合物的化学活性;讨论了取代基R的电负性对Ge←N配键强度和对杂氮锗三环类化合物反应活性的影响。     

饮料食品中Ge—132和Ge^4＋含量测定研究

本文报告了在０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＣＴＡＢ体系中，以Ｆ＾－为掩蔽剂，苯芴酮显色，用分光光度法测定饮料食品中Ｇｅ－１３２含量，最低检测限０．０５４μｇ／ｍＬ；线性范围０．５４～２７．１４μｇ／ｍＬ；回收率９６．３％～１０１．５％，并确定了Ｇｅ－１３２摩尔吸收系数（ε）３．３９×１０＾４。用本法测定了康寿茶、矿泉水和博士奶中Ｇｅ－１３２含量，灵敏度高，重现性和准确度好，用盐酸化本体系，研究了二氧化锗（Ｇｅ     

富锗红栓菌锗多糖的研究

通过生物工程技术，自行筛选的富锗红栓菌经发酵培养，有机锗与菌体内的多糖结合，再经分离纯化获得高活性生物调节剂－锗多糖，并研究了锗多糖的理化特性与结构。     

二氧化锗同类异构体在标化及高量锗测定中的影响

研究了用X-射线衍射分析纯二氧化锗分子结构与组成，以及结构中存在同类异构体时，不同分解方法对标定和锗测定结果的影响。提出了在锗滴定法中使用的基准二氧化锗，用Na2O2高温熔融分解，以消除因低温碱溶不完全，在标定时产生的误差导致锗结果偏高。拟定方法经实际运用，结果准确、满意。     

绿色化学及其绿色系统工程技术与环境友好

绿色化学理念的基本内涵既有微观意义又有宏观意义与工程技术的意义。绿色化学及其绿色技术在社会生产与生活、传统化学工业改造与创新、资源合理充分利用与循环再生、绿色净化与监测、环境保护与开发等方面发挥重要作用。实施绿色化学及其绿色系统工程技术,使社会生产、生活绿色化,实现人类与环境友好对话,建设“环境友好”家园,营造“环境和谐”生活,是坚持可持续发展、科学发展核心战略的重要举措,是当今世界人类面临的重大挑战与机遇。     

Advancing the Drug Discovery and Development Process

The current state of affairs in the drug discovery and development process is briefly summarized and then ways to take advantage of the ever‐increasing fundamental knowledge and technical knowhow in chemistry and biology and related disciplines are discussed. The primary motivation of this Essay is to celebrate the great achievements of chemistry, biology, and medicine and to inform and inspire students and academics to enter the field of drug discovery and development while, at the same time, continue to advance the fundamentals of their disciplines. It is also meant to encourage and catalyze multidisciplinary partnerships between academia and industry as scientists attempt to merge their often complementary interests and expertise to achieve new improvements and breakthroughs in their respective fields, and the common goal of applying them to the discovery and invention of new and better medicines, especially in areas of unmet needs.     

Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles: syntheses,optical properties,and biological applications

We review the syntheses, optical properties, and biological applications of cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium selenide–zinc sulfide (CdSe–ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) and gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, we selected the syntheses of QDs and Au and Ag NPs in aqueous and organic phases, size- and shape-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of QDs and plasmon of metal NPs, and their bioimaging applications. The PL properties of QDs are discussed with reference to their band gap structure and various electronic transitions, relations of PL and photoactivated PL with surface defects, and blinking of single QDs. Optical properties of Ag and Au NPs are discussed with reference to their size- and shape-dependent surface plasmon bands, electron dynamics and relaxation, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The bioimaging applications are discussed with reference to in vitro and in vivo imaging of live cells, and in vivo imaging of cancers, tumor vasculature, and lymph nodes. Other aspects of the review are in vivo deep tissue imaging, multiphoton excitation, NIR fluorescence and SERS imaging, and toxic effects of NPs and their clearance from the body. Figure Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles have extensive applications, e.g., in vitro and in vivo bioimaging Tamitake Itoh and Abdulaziz Anas contributed equally to this article.     

印度洋热液区贻贝及栖息沉积物中金属元素的特征分析

本研究采集了印度洋热液区贻贝生物及其栖息沉积物样品,分析了生物体及沉积物中常见微量元素及稀土元素的含量与分布特征,研究了生物体与沉积物金属元素的相关性,以及稀土元素的生态化学特征等.结果表明:印度洋热液区沉积物中常见微量金属主要为Fe(96.62 mg/kg)、Mn(1.143 mg/kg)和Zn(322.6 μg/kg),微量元素归一化计算得Fe含量比值高达98.15%,可获悉该热液区沉积物主要为铁矿类物质.深海贻贝中微量元素及稀土元素的分布趋势与深海沉积物中元素分布存在较好的相关性,相关性系数分别为0.991与0.996,近海贻贝中金属元素的含量及分布与深海贻贝存在差异性.深海沉积物与贻贝中轻重稀土元素均呈现分馏现象,且贻贝中富集轻稀土比较显著;从稀土配分模式可知,沉积物与贻贝中的Eu与Gd均呈现异常现象,深海沉积物和深海贻贝中Eu异常现象较为显著.深海沉积物、贻贝及近海贻贝中δEu分别为9.50、10.68和0.23,而δCe分别为2.21、2.71和4.38,表明近海贻贝中稀土元素富集来源与深海贻贝存在差异性,深海沉积物与深海贻贝稀土元素具有同源性.     

Polarography and voltammetry of dyes and intermediates

The scope of polarography and voltammetry in analyzing azo dyes, anthraquinone-, polycondensed aromatic and vat dyes, di- and triarylcarbonium and heterocyclic dyes, nitro-, nitroso dyes and nitro intermediates, intermediates such as sulphonation products of 2-naphthol, diazonium salts and diazonium compounds is outlined. In view of much tougher future toxicological and environmental constraints and new outlets for dyes in modern high technology industries, polarography and voltammetry may find new and wider application and recognition.     

剌梨利康饮对汞中毒大鼠汞铜锌含量的影响

用高汞水喂养大鼠８周,复制出慢性汞中毒模型,再分别自由饮用利康饮饮料和腹腔注射二巯基丙磺酸钠３周,探讨剌梨利康饮和二巯基丙磺酸钠对慢性汞中毒大鼠体内汞、铜、锌含量的影响。结果显示：慢性汞中毒引起血清、肝、脑和肾中汞含量升高的同时,引起血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝中锌含量降低;利康饮可降低血清和肾中汞含量,并可提高血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝含量;二巯基丙磺酸钠虽可降低血清、肝和肾中汞含量,升高血清     

多糖类生物医用材料—甲壳素和壳聚糖的研究及应用

对甲壳素和壳聚糖的制备工艺,结构与性质以人在固定化酶、药物控释载体、絮凝剂、吸附剂、医用敷料等方面的应用进行了综述。     

Mutual physiological genetic mechanism of plant high water use efficiency and nutrition use efficiency

Water deficiency and lower fertilizer utilization efficiency are major constraints of productivity and yield stability. Improvements of crop water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is becoming an important objective in crop breeding. With the introduction of new physiological and biological approaches, we can better understand the mutual genetics mechanism of high use efficiency of water and nutrient. Much work has been done in past decades mainly including the interactions between different fertilizers and water influences on root characteristics and crop growth. Fertilizer quantity and form were regulated in order to improve crop WUE. The crop WUE and NUE shared the same increment tendency during evolution process; some genes associated with WUE and NUE have been precisely located and marked on the same chromosomes, some genes related to WUE and NUE have been cloned and transferred into wheat and rice and other plants, they can enhance water and nutrient use efficiency. The proteins transporting nutrient and water were identified such as some water channel proteins. The advance on the mechanism of higher water and nutrient use efficiency in crop was reviewed in this article, and it could provide some useful information for further research on WUE and NUE in crop.     

智能响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集中的应用

蛋白质的磷酸化和糖基化作为研究最广泛的两种翻译后修饰(PTMs),在疾病的早期无创诊断、预后和治疗评估中表现出越来越大的潜力。蛋白质的异常磷酸化和糖基化经常被用于临床蛋白质组学研究和疾病相关生物标志物的发现。目前已有多种材料被开发用于磷酸化肽和糖肽的富集研究,其中,智能响应材料由于具有独特的响应特性,已被陆续报道用于磷酸化肽和糖肽的富集。智能响应材料可对外界刺激做出响应,发生结构和性质上的变化,将光、电、热、机械等信号转化为生物化学信号。响应分子是决定智能响应材料响应特性的先决条件,它们在不同刺激条件下(如温度、pH、光、机械应力、电磁场等)的可逆异构化将导致材料的宏观物理和化学性质的动态变化。与传统材料相比,智能响应材料可以可逆地“打开”和“关闭”,具有更好的可调控性。由于引起智能材料响应的刺激信号对其性能具有重要的影响,综述根据施加的刺激种类对智能响应材料进行分类,具体分为外源性响应材料和内源性响应材料,且分别总结了外源性响应材料、内源性响应材料以及内外源共同响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集方面的工作。此外,综述对智能响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集方面的发展前景进行了展望,并且提出了智能响应材料在其他蛋白质翻译后修饰方面的应用中存在的挑战。