苯乙烯与富马酸二甲酯的原子转移自由基无规共聚

2-溴丙酸乙酯(EBP)为引发剂,CuBr为催化剂,N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)为配位剂的富马酸二甲酯(DMF)与苯乙烯(St)的原子转移自由基无规共聚合,转化率低于60％时,1n([M]0／[M])随聚合时间线性增加,数均分子量(Mn)随转化率性增长,所得聚合物分子量分布(PDI)较窄。根据元素分析所得共聚物的平均组成,由Kelerr—Tudos方程,计算两种共聚单体的竞聚率分别是rst=0．488,rDMF=0．303。并探讨了单体与引发剂配比以及温度对聚合反应的影响。     

Reactions of Acylpyruvic Acids and 2,3-Dihydrofuran-2,3-diones with 2,3-Diaminopyridine

Acylpyruvic acids readily react with 2,3-diaminopyridine to form (Z)-3-acylmethylene-1H-3,4-di- hydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2-ones. 5-Aryl-2,3-dihydrofuran-2,3-diones which can be regarded as lactones derived from -enolized aroylpyruvic acids react with 2,3-diaminopyridine under mild conditions, yielding regioisomeric (Z)-2-aroylmethylene-4H-1,2-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-3-ones. The structure of the products and reaction chemoselectivity are discussed.     

Reactions of simple phospholes with dimethyl acetylenediearboxylate

Reactions of the three phospholes 1-phenylphosphole, 3-methyl-1-phenylphosphole and 3,4-dimethyl-1-phenylphosphole with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate are reported. All three phospholes react extremely readily with the acetylenic ester to give ring-expanded bicyclic ylidic systems, although 1-phenylphosphole appears to react by a different pathway from the other two phospholes. These reactions show that simple phospholes in general, in contrast to heavily substituted phospholes, are quite good nucleophiles in organic reactions and the results of this study are consistent with a relatively easily perturbed aromatic structure for these phospholes.     

Cycloadditions of N-Aryl-C-(trifluoromethyl)nitrilimines with dimethyl fumarate and maleate

The cycloadditions of N-aryl-C-(trifluoromethyi)nitrilimines 1 , generated in situ from various precursors, with dimethyl fumarate and maleate are described. N-Aryltrifluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides 2 reacted with fumarate in the presence of triethylamine to give the trans-4,5-dimethoxycarbonylpyrazolines 4 whereas the reactions with maleate afforded the 4,5 -dimethoxycarbonylpyrazoles 5 as well as 4. In the reactions with the chloride 6 under the more drastic conditions, both fumarate and maleate gave the pyrazole 5a. From thermolysis of the oxadiazaphosphole 8 , the trans-pyrazoline 4a was formed in both cases of fumarate and maleate. The preparation of the cis-pyrazoline 9 was attempted from 8 and maleic anhydride but 9 was found to be so unstable as to be epimerized under the mild conditions.     

Reactions of 2,3-epoxypolyfluoroalkanes with triethylamine

The reactions of 2,3-epoxyperfluoro- and 2,3-epoxy--hydropolyfluoroalkanes with excess triethylamine at elevated temperatures yield secondary alcohols, which are the reduction products of intermediate isomeric ketones. Ring-opening occurs preferentially from the side of the less bulky trifluoromethyl group in all compounds except 2,3-epoxy-6-hydroundecafluorohexane.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2177–2181, December, 1994.     

皮革中富马酸二甲酯GC-MS测定

建立了皮革中富马酸二甲酯的萃取及气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法. 萃取过程以乙酸乙酯作为萃取剂, 超声波辅助萃取;萃取液经过中性氧化铝净化处理. 加标回收率为85.1%～89.3%, 相对标准偏差为5.6%～9.1%. 方法适合于皮革中富马酸二甲酯含量的测定.     

Reactions of 2,3-diferrocenylcyclopropenone with methyllithium and phenyllithium

Reactions of 2,3-diferrocenylcyclopropenone with methyllithium and phenyllithium afford products of the nucleophilic opening of the three-membered ring, viz., α,β-unsaturated ketones (cis-3,4-diferrocenylbut-3-en-2-one and cis-2,3-diferrocenyl-1-phenylprop-2-enone) and allylic alcohols (cis-3,4-diferrocenyl-2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol and cis-1,1-diphenyl-2,3-diferrocenylprop-2-en-1-ol). The insertion product of a methyl(diferrocenyl)vinylcarbenoid into a σ-bond of the starting compound, viz., 2,3,4-triferrocenyl-4-(1-ferrocenyl-2-oxopropyl)cyclobutenone, along with intramolecular ortho-alkylation products, viz., 2,3-diferrocenylindanone and 2,3-diferrocenyl-2-hydroxyindanone, were also isolated. X-ray diffraction data for triferrocenylcyclobutenone and 2,3-diferrocenyl-2-hydroxyindanone are presented.     

Radical copolymerization of optically active l-menthyl vinyl ether with maleic anhydride,dimethyl maleate,and dimethyl fumarate

The copolymerizations of l-menthyl vinyl ether (l-MVE) with the monomers, that is, maleic anhydride (MAn), dimethyl maleate (DMM), and dimethyl fumarate (DMFu), were undertaken to obtain optically active copolymers. The optically active l-menthyl group in the side chain of copolymers was removed by the ether cleavage reaction with dry-hydrogen bromide gas. The ethercloven copolymers were still optically active. Hence it was concluded that asymmetric carbon atoms were introduced into the copolymer main chain, the reason given being that l-MVE and comonomers (MAn, DMM, and DMFu) made the stereoselective charge-transfer complex one another and copolymerized stereospecifically. From the results of the measurements of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD) for copolymers before and after the ether cleavage reaction, the mode of bond opening for α,β-substituted monomers (MAn, DMM, and DMFu) was discussed and the microstructures of copolymers were prepared.     

粘土类干燥剂中富马酸二甲酯的GC-MS测定

富马酸二甲酯是八十年代开发的新型防霉防腐剂,因其具有化学稳定性好、广谱、作用时间长及适用pH范围宽等特点,被广泛用于食品、饲料、化妆品等各个行业中[1].由于富马酸二甲酯在常温下具有升华的特性[2],因此在家具、服装、食品中广泛应用的颗粒状粘土类干燥剂中,也常常添加富马酸二甲酯,以赋予干燥剂高效的防霉防腐功能.     

Reactions of 2,3-Butanedione Monoxime with Diamine Compounds

A number of diazadioximes have been prepared by reactions of the corresponding diamines with 2,3-butanedione monoxime in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid or in ethanol.     

Reactions of dimethyl(dimethylsulphoxide)pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-rhodium and -irridum with acids

The complexes [C₅Me₅MMe₂(Me₂SO)] (Ia, M = Rh; Ib, M = Ir) react with p-toluenesulphonic acid in acetonitrile to give [C₅Me₅MMe(Me₂SO)(MeCN)]⁺, (II), and with trifluoroacetic acid to give first [C₅Me₅MMe(Me₂SO)(O₂CCF₃)] and then [C₅Me₅M(Me₂SO)(O₂CCF₃)₂]. Complexes II react with halide (X^?) to give the halomethyl complexes [C₅Me₅MMe(X)(Me₂SO)]. The IR, far-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra are all in agreement with structures proposed.     

紫外分光光度法测定富马酸二甲酯的含量

本文研究了用紫外分光光度法测定富马酸二甲酯含量的方法 ,探讨了测定过程中有关条件的变化对测定的影响 ,获得了测定的适宜条件 :波长 2 1 0± 2nm ;温度 1 9～ 2 5℃ ;无水乙醇为溶剂 ;测定体系的pH为7.2 5～ 8.2 5。DMF的含量与溶液的吸光度的关系为P =0 .0 933A +0 .0 4 1 6,经与色 -质谱分析结果对比表明本法具有较高的准确性     

Reactions of 2,3-bishydroxyimino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoxalines and 2,3-bishydroxyimino-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,4-benzoxazines with ethyl chloroformate

Bishydroxyiminoquinoxalines 3a-b react with ethyl chloroformate 4 to afford the furazano[3,4-b]quinoxalines 5a-b . Bishydroxyiminobenzoxazines 6a-c on treatment with 4 are converted into the fused oxadiazolones 7a-c and 8a-c along with the bisethoxycarbonyloxyimino-derivatives 9a-c . From the reactions of 4 with the oxanilide dioximes 12a-c compounds 13a-c and 14a-b are obtained.     

The multicomponent reaction of dimethoxycarbene, dimethyl butynedioate and electrophilic styrenes: an unprecedented synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentenone acetals

The zwitterionic species generated by the addition of dimethoxycarbene to dimethyl butynedioate is trapped by arylidenemalononitrile to yield cyclopentenone derivatives.     

2,3-联烯醇及其衍生物的反应

2,3-联烯醇是一类含1,2-二烯官能团和羟基的化合物, 具有很高的反应活性, 它及其衍生物是一类重要的联烯化合物. 概述了2,3-联烯醇及其衍生物的反应, 包括2,3-联烯醇在过渡金属催化下的自身异构环化反应、钯催化的偶联反应、钌催化的环羰基化反应、不同条件下不同方式的扩环反应、亲电试剂参与的反应、分子内环加成反应、自由基反应等和2,3-联烯醇衍生物在零价钯催化下基于亚甲基-π-烯丙基钯中间体生成联烯或1,3-共轭二烯的区域选择性反应, S_N2'类型的加成-消除反应, 二价钯催化下的分子内环化反应以及重排反应等.     

Determination of dimethyl fumarate and other potential allergens in desiccant and antimould sachets

A method for the determination of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), benzothiazole (BT) and tert-butylphenol (TBP) in desiccant and antimould agents employed for protecting consumer products from humidity and mould has been developed. The method is based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by GC-MS analysis. Parameters that could affect the extraction of the compounds have been optimised using a multivariate approach. In the final conditions, the extraction is performed using only 0.5 or 1 mL ethyl acetate and applying ultrasound energy for 5 min. Simultaneous extractions could also be carried out in 5 min without losing efficiency. The method was validated showing good linearity (R ² >0.995). Both intra- and inter-day precisions were studied at several concentration levels, being satisfactory in all cases (RSD <10%). Recovery was evaluated in four real desiccant samples at different compound concentrations, ranging between 87% and 109%. Limits of detection and quantification were in the low nanogramme per gramme level, thus allowing the determination of DMF at concentrations well below the limit established by the recent EU Directive (0.1 μg/g). The proposed procedure was applied to the determination of the target compounds in several desiccant and antimould samples. Although most of them were simply labelled as “silica gel”, more than 70% of the tested samples contained high amounts of DMF, many of them at the high microgram per gramme level. Many samples also showed the presence of the other two potential allergens. These results demonstrate that the content of the “desiccant” sachets and tablets in consumer products does not usually belong with the label of the desiccant, and hence, the high risk of exposition to the powerful allergen DMF and other potentially harmful chemicals through consumer goods should be a matter of concern.     

Reactions of palladium (II) chloride with 1,4 - diphenyl - 2,3 - dimethyl - 1,4 - diazabutadiene and 1,4-DI(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl- 1,4 - diazabutadiene

The reactions of palladium(II) chloride with 1,4 - diphenyl - 2,3 - dimethyl - 1,4 - diazabutadiene and 1,4 - di(p - methoxyphenyl) - 2,3 - dimethyl - 1,4 - diazabutadiene are described. With 1,4 - diphenyl - 2,3 - dimethyl - 1,4 - diazabutadiene diimine fission is produced, giving rise to a product identified by elemental analysis, IR and Raman spectra, and X-ray diffraction, as trans-dichlorobis(aniline) palladium(II). The complex is soluble in dimethylformamide and crystallizes with two molecules of solvent. The substance crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n. The X-ray data were refined to R = 0.047 and R_w = 0.046. Final distances are PdN = 2.060(5)Åand PdC1 = 2.299(2)Å. There are two bifurcated intermolecular NH ... C1 and CH... C1 hydrogen bonds which, together with one more intermolecular hydrogen bond NH... O, are responsible for the packing of the molecules. However, when 1,4 - di(p - methoxyphenyl) - 2,3 - dimethyl - 1,4 - diazabutadiene was treated with palladium chloride under the same conditions cis - dichloro - 1,4 - di(p - methoxyphenyl) - 2,3 - dimethyl - 1,4 - diazabutadiene was formed, as deduced from elemental analysis, and IR and Raman spectra.