Design and optimization of weakly-coupled few-mode fiber with low nonlinearity

By investigating the influence of the difference of refractive index between core and cladding(nco-ncl),normalized frequency(V)and core radius(α)on both the intramodal and intermodal nonlinear coefficients(NCs)respectively,we design a novel weakly-coupled four-mode fiber with low nonlinearity.In general,under the premise of ensuring the low NCs between two non-degenerate modes,this design can reduce the intermodal NCs(0.5 W-1·km-1)between two degenerate modes and optimizes the parameters of differential group delays(DGDs)and chromatic dispersion.The optimized few mode fiber(FMF)is eligible for transmission and mode de-multiplexing in the receiver.     

Data-aided channel estimation and frequency domain equalization of minimum-shift keying in optical transmission systems

We demonstrate a digital optical communication system based on minimum shift keying （MSK） signal transmission with coherent detection. 5-Gb/s MSK signal can transmit over a 160-km standard single mode fiber （SSMF） without phase compensation. At the receiver, we use data-aided channel estimation and frequency domain equalization （FDE） techniques in the digital signal processing （DSP） algorithm, then analyze its performance characteristics compared with quadrature phase shift keying （QPSK） format. The simulation results show that the MSK format will be a potential candidate for next-generation access network.     

Virtual topology design scheme with energy efficiency for IP over elastic optical networks

The rapid growth of the Internet raises the importance of resource planning of Internet protocol（IP） over elastic optical networks（EONs）, which is a challenging task due to more complex and obscure physical constraints of it. Compared with network cost, the power consumption may eventually become the barrier to the expansion of the Internet. We present an energy-efficient virtual topology design（VTD） scheme for IP over EON. We explicitly explain and analyze the mixed integer linear programming model and the heuristic algorithm for this scheme. Numerical results show that the proposed VTD scheme can significantly save power consumption.     

基于Hamilton模型的永磁同步风力发电系统中混沌运动的H∞控制

针对永磁同步风力发电系统的混沌运动现象, 提出了基于系统Hamilton模型的H_∞控制方案, 使得系统脱离混沌, 运行稳定. 首先将永磁同步风力发电系统模型经过一系列状态变换, 转化为类Lorenz经典数学模型, 并验证了系统在一定参数区域内存在混沌现象. 随后基于Hamilton系统充分利用系统物理结构和无需补偿“无功力”的优点, 建立了混沌系统的Hamilton模型, 并考虑了系统存在外扰情况下的H_∞控制方法. 本文所设计的控制器不仅简单易实现而且反映了系统内部结构以及动态特性的信息. 仿真实验证明了控制器的有效性.     

Spectral efficiency analysis of OCDMA systems

We discuss several kinds of code schemes and analyze their spectral efficiency, code utilizing efficiency, and the maximal spectral efficiency. Error correction coding is used to increase the spectral efficiency, and it can avoid the spectral decrease with the increase of the length. The extended primer code （EPC） has the highest spectral efficiency in the unipolar code system. The bipolar code system has larger spectral efficiency than unipolar code system, but has lower code utilizing efficiency and the maximal spectral efficiency. From the numerical results, we can see that the spectral efficiency increases by 0.025 （b/s）/Hz when the bit error rate （BER） increases from 10^-9 to 10^-7.     

A new family of two-dimensional triple-codeweight asymmetric optical orthogonal code for OCDMA networks

A new generation algorithm of two-dimensional triple-codeweight asymmetric optical orthogonal codes for optical code division multiple access （OCDMA） networks is proposed. The code cardinality is obtained and the error-probability performance for corresponding OCDMA system is analyzed. The codes with two constraints （i.e., auto- and cross-correlation properties） being unequal are taken into account. On the premise of fixed system resources, the code of the error-probability performance, it is shown cardinality can be significantly improved. By analysis that the codes with different parameters have different performances. Therefore, this type of codes can be applied to support diverse quality of service （QoS） and satisfy the quality requirement of different multimedia or distinct users, and simultaneously make the better use of bandwidth resources in oDtical networks.     

Performance of OCDMA systems with new spectral direct detection (SDD) technique using enhanced double weight (EDW) code

This paper investigates the performance of enhanced double weight (EDW) code for spectral-amplitude-coding OCDMA (SAC-OCDMA) system using a newly proposed spectral direct detection (SDD) technique. EDW is the enhanced version of double weight (DW) code that possesses ideal cross-correlation properties and weight which can be any odd number greater than one. The theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed new spectral direct detection technique improves the performance compared to the conventional complementary subtraction technique.     

Experimental demonstration of multigranularity switching between optical DFT-spread-OFDM and Nyquist superchannel

We experimentally investigate multigranularity optical subband switching functionality between two superchannels with slight error vector magnitude penalty. One is 4×39 Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed（PDM） quadrature phase shift keying discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（DFT-spread-OFDM） superchannel with 12.5 GHz band spacing. The other is 8×29 Gb/s PDM-16-quadrature amplitude modulation Nyquist pulse shaping superchannel with 6.25 GHz band spacing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that optical switching functionality for individual band between different superchannels with multigranularity is realized.     

Performance analysis of wavelength/spatial coding system with fixed in-phase code matrices in OCDMA network

This paper proposes a wavelength/spatial (W/S) coding system with fixed in-phase code (FIPC) matrix in the optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network. A scheme is presented to form the FIPC matrix which is applied to construct the W/S OCDMA network. The encoder/decoder in the W/S OCDMA network is fully able to eliminate the multiple-access-interference (MAI) at the balanced photo-detectors (PD), according to fixed in-phase cross correlation. The phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) related to the power square is markedly suppressed in the receiver by spreading the received power into each PD while the net signal power is kept the same. Simulation results show that the W/S OCDMA network based on the FIPC matrices cannot only completely remove the MAI but effectively suppress the PIIN to upgrade the network performance.     

Design and implementation of 2-dimensional wavelength/time codes for OCDMA

In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) wavelength/time codes are designed and implemented. The 2D codes are constructed by a technique based on folding of Golomb rulers. The performance evaluation of OCDMA system based on wavelength/time code has been analyzed by measuring the values of bit error rates and eye diagrams for different number of active users. It is shown that eye opening decreases and BER increases with increase in number of active users. It is also shown that BER further increases with increase in number of active users when number of decoders increases on receiver side. Hence, it is concluded that multiple access interference (MAI) is the dominant source of BER and there is graceful degradation in system performance when number of simultaneously active users increases. The received optical power is also measured at different transmission distance. It has been observed that received optical power decreases with increase in length of fiber due to attenuation.     

A divided spectrum balanced detection technique for intensity noise reduction in SAC OCDMA systems

In this paper we propose a simple divided spectrum balanced detection (DSBD) for spectral amplitude coding (SAC) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems. SAC OCDMA systems are limited by phase induced intensity noise (PIIN), which is a signal dependent source of noise. Our proposed technique reduces the PIIN by dividing the spectrum of the signal into two or more, and detecting each spectrum by a different photodiode. The DSBD scheme reduces the detected optical power at photodetection, thus resulting in a higher mitigation of the PIIN. Theoretical results show that DSBD demonstrate noticeable improvement over traditional balanced detection technique, for example an up to 33% increase in the number of active users can be achieved, and at least 1 × 10⁻³ b/s Hz increase in the spectral efficiency is obtained. However, the SDBD is more complex and append more constrains on system components.     

Impulsive control for permanent magnet synchronous motors with uncertainties: LMI approach

A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) may have chaotic behaviours under certain working conditions, especially for uncertain values of parameters, which threatens the security and stability of motor-driven operation. Hence, it is important to study methods of controlling or suppressing chaos in PMSMs. In this paper, the stability of a PMSM with parameter uncertainties is investigated. After uncertain matrices which represent the variable system parameters are formulated through matrix analysis, a novel asymptotical stability criterion is established by employing the method of Lyapunov functions and linear matrix inequality technology. An example is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.     

A novel super-FEC code based on concatenated code for high-speed long-haul optical communication systems

The structures of the novel super forward error correction (Super-FEC) code type based on the concatenated code for high-speed long-haul optical communication systems are studied in this paper. The Reed-Solomon (RS) (255, 239) + Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocguenghem (BCH) (1023, 963) concatenated code is presented after the characteristics of the concatenated code and the two Super-FEC code type presented in ITU-T G.975.1 have theoretically been analyzed, the simulation result shows that this novel code type, compared with the RS (255, 239) + convolutional-self-orthogonal-code (CSOC) (k₀/n₀ = 6/7, J = 8) code in ITU-T G.975.1, has a lower redundancy and better error-correction capabilities, and its net coding gain (NCG) at the third iteration is 0.57 dB more than that of RS (255, 239) + CSOC (k₀/n₀ = 6/7, J = 8) code in ITU-T G.975.1 at the third iteration for the bit error rate (BER) of 10⁻¹². Therefore, the novel code type can better be used in long-haul, larger capacity and higher bit-rate optical communication systems. Furthermore, the design and implementation of the novel concatenated code type are also discussed.     

托卡马克脉冲电源实时控制系统设计

为提高托卡马克装置磁场电源的控制性能,实现对等离子体的先进控制,设计了基于LabVIEW RT和FPGA的磁场电源实时控制系统。根据等离子体控制对电源控制系统实时控制的要求,使用反射内存卡实现实时数据传输,应用实时操作系统来保证系统的确定性应用和系统的可靠性,采用NI 7813R系列数据采集卡实现对晶闸管变流器的控制。实验结果表明,该系统满足等离子体放电对电源控制系统实时性的要求,并具备较高的可靠性和稳定性。     

脉冲功率电源模块时序放电控制系统设计

设计了一套用于控制30个脉冲功率电源模块按时序进行放电的控制系统。该控制系统使用高速数字信号处理器作为主要控制芯片,采用高速光电转换器件及光纤作为触发信号传输系统,利用脉冲隔离变压器作为电源开关触发系统的主要隔离元件,在硬件方面实现了时序放电触发信号的高精度传输和高压隔离。同时,该控制系统使用优化的软件算法对数字信号处理器进行软件编程,实现了放电时序计算的优化控制,而且利用简易的计算机语言对上位机软件进行编写,实现对放电时序进行精确的设置,从而保证了时序放电的精确度。将该控制系统用于实际的30路脉冲功率电源放电装置的实验中,得到了良好的放电电流实验波形。根据时序触发波形及放电波形进行分析,该时序放电控制系统每路电源放电时间最小间隔可达到20 μs,电流波形反映的触发时刻与放电时序设置时刻的延时误差分布在10~15 μs,整个控制系统的性能符合设计的要求。     

FOI-PERFECT程序对电磁驱动高能量密度系统的三维弛豫磁流体力学模拟

提出一个完整的弛豫磁流体力学模型用于电磁驱动高能量密度系统的数值模拟, 它由弛豫电磁波动、弛豫热输运、P1/3近似辐射输运以及流体力学构成。电磁部分在真空区退化为电磁传播, 在等离子体物质区退化为磁扩散近似, 并且相速和群速是有上界的。这意味着弛豫磁流体力学能退化到传统的电阻性磁流体力学, 并且能用显式方法数值求解, 便于大规模高效并行化。基于此弛豫磁流体力学模型开发了三维辐射磁流体力学程序FOI-PERFECT, 指出了所采用的关键数值技术, 并给出了一些应用例子。     

FOI-PERFECT程序对电磁驱动高能量密度系统的三维弛豫磁流体力学模拟

提出一个完整的弛豫磁流体力学模型用于电磁驱动高能量密度系统的数值模拟, 它由弛豫电磁波动、弛豫热输运、P1/3近似辐射输运以及流体力学构成。电磁部分在真空区退化为电磁传播, 在等离子体物质区退化为磁扩散近似, 并且相速和群速是有上界的。这意味着弛豫磁流体力学能退化到传统的电阻性磁流体力学, 并且能用显式方法数值求解, 便于大规模高效并行化。基于此弛豫磁流体力学模型开发了三维辐射磁流体力学程序FOI-PERFECT, 指出了所采用的关键数值技术, 并给出了一些应用例子。     

Design and performance of photo-cell systems for pulsed laser power and energy measurements

The optical and electrical problems in the design of a beam-sampling detector for laser power, energy and pulse duration measurements are discussed with a view to achieving an accuracy of 2% relative to a fundamental detector for pulses down to 3 nsec duration. Experiments show that a beam sampler using an ITT F4000 biplanar vacuum cell mounted in a coaxial taper is capable of this accuracy, but that the silicon diodes (EG + G SD100, Mullard BPY13A) trap some of the photoelectric charge and then release it with a time constant of up to a few microseconds giving a pulse length-dependent sensitivity: they can be used for energy measurements, however. The Mullard 90CV vacuum photo-cell holds back about 6% of the photo-electric charge for about 1sec and can also give erratic currents up to ten times the computed saturation current: effects probably due to residual gas in the cell. The limits set on performance by the rise time and maximum linear current of the various detectors are discussed. The design of a holder for the ITT F4000 photo-cell giving a rise time constant of 0.25 nsec is given.