舰载光电系统高精度跟踪控制技术

在舰船摇摆条件下提高光电跟踪系统对目标动态跟踪精度，其控制系统设计的关键技术是隔离扰动和减小高速跟踪时的动态滞后误差。对几种陀螺反馈惯性空间稳定技术进行了详细叙述和对比，得到了采用高测量带宽的陀螺反馈回路可以有效提高系统隔离度，并推导出系统隔离度的计算公式。同时，介绍了计算机辅助跟踪技术的原理以及在陀螺反馈惯性稳定技术的基础上结合计算机辅助跟踪的综合控制技术在舰载光电设备上的应用。以数据说明了这种综合控制技术的有效性和实用性。     

光电跟踪仪多传感器数据采集研究

光电跟踪仪数据采集是利用DSP处理技术及多总线结构,实现电视跟踪通道、红外跟踪通道、激光测距机、光纤陀螺仪等多传感器数据的提取,并采用CPCI总线技术结合双端口存储器（双端口RAM）实现系统中信息的快速传输,为光电跟踪仪伺服控制系统提供可靠的数据信息。介绍数据采集系统的设计思想及工作原理,重点研究系统中各传感器的控制方式和接口设计等,并简要说明各系统之间的信息传输方式。     

多光路共窗口的现代光电跟踪系统

现代光电跟踪系统是集捕获、跟踪、瞄准于一体的大型光电设备 ,是当今光电技术在军事上的重要应用之一。对现代光电系统进行了一般综述 ,重点介绍了一种由可见光、红外、激光三种光路共窗口的光电跟踪仪 ,较详细的阐述了该系统的光机结构及工作原理。这种多光路共窗口的光电跟踪仪设计原理在试验中经过了验证 ,取得了较好的效果 ,证明了三光合一共窗口的设计是合理可行的     

机载光通信复合轴光路优化设计和跟瞄技术研究

根据机载激光通信的环境和链路距离,采用光电粗精复合轴结构,提出一种双探测器、双光轴机载激光通信复合轴捕获跟踪瞄准系统方案.对整个系统的光路结构进行了分析和优化设计,使粗跟踪精度达120μrad,精跟踪系统带宽大于300Hz,执行动态范围达5mrad,跟踪精度达3μrad,并成功实现通信距离17.5km、通信速率1.5Gbps,误码率达1E-7的飞机对地面激光通信实验.     

多晶硅片反应离子刻蚀制绒后扩散工艺的匹配性

根据机载激光通信的环境和链路距离,采用光电粗精复合轴结构,提出一种双探测器、双光轴机载激光通信复合轴捕获跟踪瞄准系统方案.对整个系统的光路结构进行了分析和优化设计,使粗跟踪精度达120 μrad,精跟踪系统带宽大于300 Hz,执行动态范围达5 mrad,跟踪精度达3 μrad,并成功实现通信距离17.5 km、通信速率1.5 Gbps,误码率达1E-7的飞机对地面激光通信实验.     

基于锑化铟中波制冷红外探测器的高帧频图像采集系统设计

高帧频中波制冷红外探测器在机载光电吊舱、红外警戒系统、光电跟踪瞄准系统中有着广泛应用。传统的碲镉汞中波制冷红外探测器在保证成像质量前提下,受积分时间限制,帧频一般受限于25～100 Hz。而锑化铟中波红外探测器具备较好的非均匀性、较低的盲元率以及高帧频输出特性,可进一步提高红外系统作用距离和跟踪精度。基于中波红外锑化铟探测器设计了高速稳定的图像采集系统,实现了640×512分辨率数字视频200 Hz的图像输出。高帧频模式下,解决了探测器积分时间与读出时间信号串扰的问题,有效改善了红外图像的非均匀性。该系统通过探测器开窗设置,将帧频进一步提高,可实现对高速目标的红外探测、搜索、识别、侦察、情报搜集、跟踪等。     

基于滑模变结构控制及预测跟踪的光电吊舱控制方法北大核心CSCD

光电吊舱在稳像和目标跟踪过程中存在摩擦力矩、不平衡力矩等干扰力矩,从而影响速度环响应精度;另一方面,吊舱视频跟踪器图像传输和处理造成的延迟也会造成跟踪滞后,因此必须进行延时补偿。提出基于预测跟踪的滑模变结构控制方法,采用微分预测跟踪器实现对视频跟踪器的延迟补偿,采用预测跟踪器估计出的目标运动角速率构成自适应补偿参数,以调整滑模变结构控制量,改进的滑模控制算法在补偿干扰力矩的同时抑制了抖振现象。仿真及实验结果表明:改进的控制方法能够有效补偿干扰力矩和跟踪器延迟造成的误差,相对于传统PID控制,其跟踪误差减小为原来的1/3,并且该算法已经在相关系统上得到应用。     

一种基于双核架构的视频跟踪与处理系统的实现

提出一种基于ADSP-BF561的视频跟踪与处理系统设计方法。系统利用ADSP-BF561的双核并行处理性能和丰富的视频编解码接口,采用一种相关跟踪算法对其进行优化,算法是一种以相关系数作为相似性度量准则的相关跟踪算法。对该系统进行测试,结果表明:针对PAL制目标视频图像序列,系统可以实现复杂背景下的实时目标跟踪,视频目标跟踪对每帧的处理时间为22 ms,解决了目标跟踪的实时性要求。     

基于光电振荡器的宽带射频下转换及在高清视频传输的应用

以无压缩全高清视频的光载无线传输为背景,通过研究宽带射频光子下转换技术,从而构建全高清视频的实时传输系统,其中下转换系统主要基于光电振荡器实现.由于光电振荡器的注入锁定,光微波信号中的载波信号被提取出来,并反馈至调制器,与宽带光微波信号混频,在光域实现信号下转换.实验论证了载频为10GHz,码率大于2Gb/s的信号下转换和有线无线传输.利用天线和光纤实现了距离为0.5 m的无线分发和距离为10km的有线传输.本文还成功实现了1.5Gb/s无压缩高清视频信号的实时传输.实验结果表明,该系统具有大带宽、抗电磁干扰等优点,同时利用光电振荡器的自动相位跟踪技术,无须外加锁相等操作.整个下转换系统简单稳定,为高清视频的有线无线传输提供了论证和演示平台.     

基于光电振荡器的宽带射频下转换及在高清视频传输的应用

以无压缩全高清视频的光载无线传输为背景,通过研究宽带射频光子下转换技术,从而构建全高清视频的实时传输系统,其中下转换系统主要基于光电振荡器实现.由于光电振荡器的注入锁定,光微波信号中的载波信号被提取出来,并反馈至调制器,与宽带光微波信号混频,在光域实现信号下转换.实验论证了载频为10GHz,码率大于2Gb/s的信号下转换和有线无线传输.利用天线和光纤实现了距离为0.5m的无线分发和距离为10km的有线传输.本文还成功实现了1.5Gb/s无压缩高清视频信号的实时传输.实验结果表明,该系统具有大带宽、抗电磁干扰等优点,同时利用光电振荡器的自动相位跟踪技术,无须外加锁相等操作.整个下转换系统简单稳定,为高清视频的有线无线传输提供了论证和演示平台.     

Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator

We describe a new and highly effective optical frequency discriminator and laser stabilization system based on signals reflected from a stable Fabry-Perot reference interferometer. High sensitivity for detection of resonance information is achieved by optical heterodyne detection with sidebands produced by rf phase modulation. Physical, optical, and electronic aspects of this discriminator/laser frequency stabilization system are considered in detail. We show that a high-speed domain exists in which the system responds to the phase (rather than frequency) change of the laser; thus with suitable design the servo loop bandwidth is not limited by the cavity response time. We report diagnostic experiments in which a dye laser and gas laser were independently locked to one stable cavity. Because of the precautions employed, the observed sub-100 Hz beat line width shows that the lasers were this stable. Applications of this system of laser stabilization include precision laser spectroscopy and interferometric gravity-wave detectors.     

机械结构因素对光电跟踪伺服系统性能的影响

为克服机械结构因素对光电跟踪伺服系统性能的不良影响,分析了转动惯量、结构谐振频率、摩擦力矩等伺服机械结构因素与伺服系统性能的关系,包括分析转动惯量与伺服系统性能的关系、结构谐振频率与伺服系统性能的关系、摩擦力矩与伺服系统性能的关系,探讨了消除或减小机械谐振的措施.该分析方法可应用于设计和制造响应速度快、跟踪精度高的光电跟踪伺服系统.     

Mode-locked fiber laser frequency-controlled with an intracavity electro-optic modulator

We demonstrate a mode-locked, erbium-doped fiber laser with its repetition frequency synchronized to a second fiber laser via an intracavity electro-optic modulator (EOM). With servo control from the EOM (bandwidth approximately 230 kHz) and a slower speed intracavity piezoelectric transducer (resonance at approximately 20 kHz), we demonstrate stabilization of the repetition frequency with an in-loop rms timing jitter of 10 fs, integrated over a bandwidth from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. This represents what is to our knowledge the first time an EOM has been introduced inside a mode-locked laser cavity for fast servo action and the lowest timing jitter reported for a mode-locked fiber laser.     

Delay Effect on Coherent Transfer of Optical Frequency Based on a Triple-Pass Scheme

We demonstrate a triple-pass scheme for coherent transfer of optical frequency and the delay effect on the fiber phase noise compensation. It is theoretically proved that the delay effect consists of both fiber delay and servo delay. The delay effect confines the servo bandwidth within 1/8 and induces a residual fiber phase noise after noise compensation. For a 25-km-long fiber, the servo bandwidth is found to be around 1 k Hz, and the fiber phase noise is suppressed approaching to the theoretical limitation. The triple-pass scheme enables the simultaneous transfer of optical frequency to multiple remote users. The performance of noise compensator in the triple-pass scheme can achieve a similar level result compared with that in the double-pass scheme.     

自适应光学的时域部分校正

导出闭环伺服系统采用ＲＣ滤波器的自适应光学望远镜的带宽表达式，对风速不随高度变化及赝风速度在所有高度上都超过自然风速这两种重要的特殊情况，讨论了系统带宽与校正后剩余波前方差或斯特列尔比（ＳＲ）之间的关系。结果表明，对前一种情况，几十至一百Ｈｚ的带宽已足够；而对后一种情况，也许需要数百乃至上千Ｈｚ的带宽。     

Performance simulation of an adaptive optics system with liquid crystal corrector under closed-loop and open-loop control

The adaptive optics system (AOS) often operates in a discrete sampling process with finite closed-loop frequency. Reconstruction, detection, and time lag induced errors are the main correction errors of the system. An AOS that is based on a liquid crystal (LC) benefits from the LC’s high correction precision, thus the reconstruction error can be ignored. The primary error will be induced by the time lag from the time of detection to the time of compensation. In this paper, some theoretical simulations are introduced in order to evaluate the correction precision of AOS with an LC corrector. The main purpose is to compare the correction precision between the open-loop and closed-loop control. We attempt to find a method to ascertain the exact precision of the open-loop control and show whether it improves the correction precision. The conclusion is thus reached that the actual error rejection bandwidth for the closed-loop was lower than the −3 dB error rejection bandwidth measured in practice. The increased refresh frequency of the open-loop control can improve the imaging performance to nearly −3 dB bandwidth of the detector measured, which is the maximum possible bandwidth due to the time lag.     

云环境下基于多虚拟机的在线视频监控系统设计

针对常规视频监控系统在线实时性不强,海量视频数据传输迟滞,任务管理单一等问题,提出了构建在云计算环下基于多虚拟机技术在线视频监控系统 ,利用云计算平台中的物理资源与服务资源提升在线视频监控系统数据处理能力,虚拟机可同时处理大量的视频监控数据,并将视频数据以云存储的方式存储于云端服务器,降低了设备建设成本,可根据不同用户需求定制相关服务。本系统基于云计算平台设计,应用数十台乃至数百台虚拟机对在线视频监控数据进行处理,设计实现了云平台下在线视频监控系统的结构设计、以太网通信接口设计、服务器硬件配置和虚拟机控制。在软件设计方面通过对各虚拟机资源利用率的计算而动态分配资源,从而可以有效减少网络传输系统状态信息的带宽开销。通过系统功能与性能测试表明,在常规公共网络10M带宽的情况下,本系统在线视频监控数据的传输延迟时间相比于传统视频监控减少了85%以上,监控视频数据量减少了75%以上。     

Model-based automated detection of echolocation calls using the link detector

The link detector combines a model-based spectral peak tracker with an echo filter to detect echolocation calls of bats. By processing calls in the spectrogram domain, the links detector separates calls that overlap in time, including call harmonics and echoes. The links detector was validated by using an artificial recording environment, including synthetic calls, atmospheric absorption, and echoes, which provided control of signal-to-noise ratio and an absolute ground truth. Maximum hit rate (2% false positive rate) for the links detector was 87% compared to 1.5% for a spectral peak detector. The difference in performance was due to the ability of the links detector to filter out echoes. Detection range varied across species from 13 to more than 20 m due to call bandwidth and frequency range. Global features of calls detected by the links detector were compared to those of synthetic calls. The error in all estimates increased as the range increased, and estimates of minimum frequency and frequency of most energy were more accurate compared to maximum frequency. The links detector combines local and global features to automatically detect calls within the machine learning paradigm and detects overlapping calls and call harmonics in a unified framework.     

自适应光学系统的控制残余方差分析

分析自适应光学系统的控制残余方差与控制带宽的关系.对于存在时间延迟的自适应光学系统,推导了计算大气湍流控制残余方差的近似方式,并给出了有探测噪声情况下确定系统最优控制带宽的公式.以61单元自适应光学系统为例,讨论了实验自适应光学系统中控制带宽的优化选择问题.