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1.
The multiple‐channel reactions OH + CH3SCH3 → products, CF3 + CH3SCH3 → products, and CH3 + CH3SCH3 → products are investigated by direct dynamics method. The optimized geometries, frequencies, and minimum energy path are all obtained at the MP2/6‐31+G(d,p) level, and energetic information is further refined by the MC‐QCISD (single‐point) method. The rate constants for eight reaction channels are calculated by the improved canonical variational transition state theory with small‐curvature tunneling contribution over the temperature range 200–3000 K. The total rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data and the three‐parameter expressions k1 = 4.73 × 10?16T1.89 exp(?662.45/T), k2 = 1.02 × 10?32T6.04 exp(933.36/T), k3 = 3.98 × 10?35T6.60 exp(660.58/T) (in unit of cm3 molecule?1 s?1) over the temperature range of 200–3000 K are given. Our calculations indicate that hydrogen abstraction channels are the major channels and the others are minor channels over the whole temperature range. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010  相似文献   

2.
Reactions of CF3Br with H atoms and OH radicals have been studied at room temperature at 1–2 torr pressures in a discharge flow reactor coupled to an EPR spectrometer. The rate constant of the reaction H + CF3Br → CF3 + HBr (1) was found to be k1 = (3.27 ± 0.34) × 10?14 cm3/molec·sec. For the reaction of OH with CF3Br (8) an upper limit of 1 × 10?15 cm3/molec·sec was determined for k8. When H atoms were in excess compared to NO2, used to produce OH radicals, a noticeable reactivity of OH was observed as a result of the reaction OH + HBr → H2O + Br, HBr being produced from reaction (1).  相似文献   

3.
The mechanisms and dynamics studies of the OH radical and Cl atom with CF(3)CHClOCHF(2) and CF(3)CHFOCHF(2) have been carried out theoretically. The geometries and frequencies of all the stationary points are optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level, and the energy profiles are further refined by interpolated single-point energies (ISPE) method at the G3(MP2) level of theory. For each reaction, two H-abstraction channels are found and four products (CF(3)CHFOCF(2), CF(3)CFOCHF(2), and CF(3)CHClOCF(2), CF(3)CClOCHF(2)) are produced during the above processes. The rate constants for the CF(3)CHClOCHF(2)/CF(3)CHFOCHF(2) + OH/Cl reactions are calculated by canonical variational transition-state theory (CVT) within 200-2000 K, and the small-curvature tunneling is included. The total rate constants calculated from the sum of the individual rate constants and the branching ratios are in good agreement with the experimental data. The Arrhenius expressions for the reactions are obtained. Our calculation shows that the substitution of Cl by F decreases the reactivity of CF(3)CHClOCHF(2) toward OH and Cl. In addition, the mechanisms of subsequent reactions of product radicals and OH radical are further investigated at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level, and the main products are predicted in the this article.  相似文献   

4.
The hydrogen abstraction reactions of CF3CF2CFH2 and CF3CFHCF2H with OH radicals and Cl atoms have been studied theoretically by a dual-level direct dynamics method. Two stable conformers of CF3CF2CFH2 with C s and C 1 symmetries and all possible abstraction channels for each reaction are all taken into consideration. Optimized geometries and frequencies of all the stationary points and extra points along minimum-energy path (MEP) have been computed at the BB1K/6-31+G(d, p) level of theory. To refine the energy profile of each reaction channel, single point energy calculations have been performed by the BMC-CCSD method. The rate constants are evaluated by canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with the small-curvature tunneling correction method (SCT) over a wide temperature range of 200–1,000 K. The detailed branching ratios of four reactions are discussed. The good agreement found between our theoretical rate constants and the available experimental data suggests that the present approach could provide a reliable prediction for the CF3CFHCF2H + Cl reaction about which there is little experimental information. The kinetic calculations show that the SCT effect plays an important role in all channels. In addition, in order to further reveal the thermodynamic properties, the enthalpies of formation of the reactants (CF3CF2CFH2 and CF3CFHCF2H) and the product radicals (CF3CF2CFH, CF3CFCF2H, and CF3CFHCF2) are evaluated by applying isodesmic reactions at both BMC-CCSD//BB1K/6-31+G(d, p) and MC-QCISD//BB1K/6-31+G(d, p) levels of theory.  相似文献   

5.
The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of CF3CHFOCH3 was studied using an 11.5-dm3 environmental reaction chamber. OH radicals were produced by UV photolysis of an O3-H2O-He mixture at an initial pressure of 200 Torr in the chamber. The rate constant of the reaction of CF3CHFOCH3 with OH radicals (k1) was determined to be (1.77 +/- 0.69) x 10(-12) exp[(-720 +/- 110)/T] cm3 molecule(-1)(s-1) by means of a relative rate method at 253-328 K. The mechanism of the reaction was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy at 298 K. CF3CHFOC(O)H, FC(O)OCH3, and COF2 were determined to be the major products. The branching ratio (k1a/k1b) for the reactions CF3CHFOCH3 + OH --> CF3CHFOCH2* + H2O (k1a) and CF3CHFOCH3 + OH --> CF3CF*OCH3 + H2O (k1b) was estimated to be 4.2:1 at 298 K from the yields of CF3CHFOC(O)H, FC(O)OCH3, and COF2. The rate constants of the reactions of CF3CHFOC(O)H (k2) and FC(O)OCH3 (k3) with OH radicals were determined to be (9.14 +/- 2.78) x 10(-13) exp[(-1190 +/- 90)/T] and (2.10 +/- 0.65) x 10(-13) exp[(-630 +/- 90)/T] cm3 molecule(-1)(s-1), respectively, by means of a relative rate method at 253-328 K. The rate constants at 298 K were as follows: k1 = (1.56 +/- 0.06) x 10-13, k2 = (1.67 +/- 0.05) x 10-14, and k3 = (2.53 +/- 0.07) x 10-14 cm3 molecule(-1)(s-1). The tropospheric lifetimes of CF3CHFOCH3, CF3CHFOC(O)H, and FC(O)OCH3 with respect to reaction with OH radicals were estimated to be 0.29, 3.2, and 1.8 years, respectively.  相似文献   

6.
In attempts to obtain kinetic and mechanistic data required for an assessment of atmospheric fate of alternative halocarbons containing a CF3 group, reactions of the key free radical intermediates CF3OO and CF3O with several atmospheric compounds (i.e., NO, NO2, alkanes and alkenes) have been studied at 297 ± 2 K in 700 torr of air. Experiments employed the long path-FTIR spectroscopic method for product analysis and the visible (400 nm) photolysis of CF3NO → CF3 + NO as a source for the precursor radical CF3. Numerous labile and stable F-containing molecular products have been characterized based on kinetic and spectroscopic data obtained at sufficiently short photolysis time (≤1 min) to minimize heterogeneous decay on the reactor walls. Major new findings have been made for the reactions involving CF3O radicals. The behavior of CF3O radicals has been shown to be markedly different from that of CH3O radicals, i.e., (1) O2-reaction: no evidence for the F-atom transfer reaction CF3O + O2 → CF2 O + FOO; (2) NO-reaction: addition reaction CH3O + NO (+M) → CH3ONO (+M), but F-transfer reaction CF3O + NO → CF2O + FNO; (3) NO2-reaction: addition reaction for both radicals, but F-transfer reaction CF3 + NO2 → CF2O + FNO2 to a minor extent; (4) alkane-reaction: much faster H-abstraction by CF3O, comparable to HO; (5) alkene-reaction: much faster addition reaction of CF3O, comparable to HO. These results are summarized in this paper.  相似文献   

7.
The reactions of CF3 radicals with the C3 to C7 cyclanes and spiropentane were studied and the following Arrhenius parameters were obtained for the reaction CF3 + c-RH → CF3H + c-R:
c-RH log A (cm3mole?1sec?1) E (kcal/mole) D(c-R—H) (kcal/mole)
Cyclopropane 11.54 8.73 100.7
Cyclobutane 11.66 6.48 95.7
Cyclopentane 12.30 6.18 94.3
Cyclohexane 12.12 6.26 94.9
Cycloheptane 12.43 5.89 94.0
Spiropentane 11.91 8.12 98.8
The CF3 radicals were generated by photolysis of hexafluoroacetone or CF3I and a comparison is made of the utility of the two compounds as radical sources. The Arrhenius parameters are compared with those for corresponding reactions of CH3 radicals with cyclanes, and the general reactivity of cyclic compounds toward free radicals is discussed. An Evans-Polanyi treatment is used to derive C? H bond dissociation energies in cyclanes; and these results, based on the reactions of CF3 with cyclanes, agree well with those previously obtained using CH3 plus cyclanes. The final mean values are shown above.  相似文献   

8.
The rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with CH3OCF2CF3, CH3OCF2CF2CF3, and CH3OCF(CF3)2 have been measured over the temperature range 250–430 K. Kinetic measurements have been carried out using the flash photolysis, laser photolysis, and discharge flow methods combined respectively with the laser induced fluorescence technique. The influence of impurities in the samples was investigated by using gas‐chromatography. The following Arrhenius expressions were determined: k(CH3OCF2CF3) = (1.90) × 10−12 exp[−(1510 ± 120)/T], k(CH3OCF2CF2CF3) = (2.06) × 10−12 exp[−(1540 ± 80)/T], and k(CH3OCF(CF3)2) = (1.94) × 10−12 exp[−(1450 ± 70)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 31: 846–853, 1999  相似文献   

9.
Hydrogen abstraction from boron trimethyl has been studied using the abstracting radicals CF3 and CD3, from the photolysis of the corresponding ketones over the temperature range of 150° to 300°C. The following Arrhenius parameters were obtained: The difference EE in the case of BMe3 is considered due, in part, to polar effects. An exchange reaction is proposed for both CF3 and CD3 in collisions with BMe3: Radical combination of CF3 and CH2BMe2 leads to a hot molecule which undergoes a β-fluoro rearrangement elimination process, or a stabilized molecule which can thermally decompose:   相似文献   

10.
Hydrogen abstration from H2S by CF3 radicals, generated by the photolysis of both CF3COCF3 and CF3I, has been studied in the temperature range 314–434 K. The rate constant, based on the value of 1013.36 cm3/mol · s for the recombination of CF3 radicals, is given by with CF3COCF3 as the radical source, and with CF3I as the radical source, where k2 is in cm3/mol · s and E is in J/mol. These results resolve a previously existing controversy concerning the values of the rate constants for this reaction. They show that CF3 radicals are less reactive than CH3 radicals in attacking H2S, and this behavior indicates that polar effects play a significant role in the hydrogen transfer reactions of CF3 radicals.  相似文献   

11.
The reaction kinetics of chlorine atoms with a series of partially fluorinated straight-chain alcohols, CF(3)CH(2)CH(2)OH (1), CF(3)CF(2)CH(2)OH (2), CHF(2)CF(2)CH(2)OH (3), and CF(3)CHFCF(2)CH(2)OH (4), were studied in the gas phase over the temperature range of 273-363 K by using very low-pressure reactor mass spectrometry. The absolute rate coefficients were given by the expressions (in cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)): k(1) = (4.42 +/- 0.48) x 10(-11) exp(-255 +/- 20/T); k(1)(303) = (1.90 +/- 0.17) x 10(-11), k(2) = (2.23 +/- 0.31) x 10(-11) exp(-1065 +/- 106/ T); k(2)(303) = (6.78 +/- 0.63) x 10(-13), k(3) = (8.51 +/- 0.62) x 10(-12) exp(-681 +/- 72/T); k(3)(303) = (9.00 +/- 0.82) x 10(-13) and k(4) = (6.18 +/- 0.84) x 10(-12) exp(-736 +/- 42/T); k(4)(303) = (5.36 +/- 0.51) x 10(-13). The quoted 2sigma uncertainties include the systematic errors. All title reactions proceed via a hydrogen atom metathesis mechanism leading to HCl. Moreover, the oxidation of the primarily produced radicals was investigated, and the end products were the corresponding aldehydes (R(F)-CHO; R(F) = -CH(2)CF(3), -CF(2)CF(3), -CF(2)CHF(2), and -CF(2)CHFCF(3)), providing a strong experimental indication that the primary reactions proceed mainly via the abstraction of a methylenic hydrogen adjacent to a hydroxyl group. Finally, the bond strengths and ionization potentials for the title compounds were determined by density functional theory calculations, which also suggest that the alpha-methylenic hydrogen is mainly under abstraction by Cl atoms. The correlation of room-temperature rate coefficients with ionization potentials for a set of 27 molecules, comprising fluorinated C2-C5 ethers and C2-C4 alcohols, is good with an average deviation of a factor of 2, and is given by the expression log(k) (in cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) = (5.8 +/- 1.4) - (1.56 +/- 0.13) x (ionization potential (in eV)).  相似文献   

12.
The reflected shock tube technique with multipass absorption spectrometric detection of OH radicals at 308 nm, using either 36 or 60 optical passes corresponding to total path lengths of 3.25 or 5.25 m, respectively, has been used to study the bimolecular reactions, OH+CF3H-->CF3+H2O (1) and CF3+H2O-->OH+CF3H (-1), between 995 and 1663 K. During the course of the study, estimates of rate constants for CF3+OH-->products (2) could also be determined. Experiments on reaction -1 were transformed through equilibrium constants to k1, giving the Arrhenius expression k1=(9.7+/-2.1)x10(-12) exp(-4398+/-275K/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). Over the temperature range, 1318-1663 K, the results for reaction 2 were constant at k2=(1.5+/-0.4)x10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). Reactions 1 and -1 were also studied with variational transition state theory (VTST) employing QCISD(T) properties for the transition state. These a priori VTST predictions were in good agreement with the present experimental results but were too low at the lower temperatures of earlier experiments, suggesting that either the barrier height was overestimated by about 1.3 kcal/mol or that the effect of tunneling was greatly underestimated. The present experimental results have been combined with the most accurate earlier studies to derive an evaluation over the extended temperature range of 252-1663 K. The three parameter expression k1=2.08x10(-17) T1.5513 exp(-1848 K/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) describes the rate behavior over this temperature range. Alternatively, the expression k1,th=1.78x10(-23) T3.406 exp(-837 K/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) obtained from empirically adjusted VTST calculations over the 250-2250 K range agrees with the experimental evaluation to within a factor of 1.6. Reaction 2 was also studied with direct CASPT2 variable reaction coordinate transition state theory. The resulting predictions for the capture rate are found to be in good agreement with the mean of the experimental results and can be represented by the expression k2,th=2.42x10(-11) T-0.0650 exp(134 K/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) over the 200-2500 K temperature range. The products of this reaction are predicted to be CF2O+HF.  相似文献   

13.
The atmospheric chemistry of (CF3)2CHOCH3, a possible HCFC/HFC alternative, was studied using a smog chamber/FT-IR technique. OH radicals were prepared by the photolysis of ozone in a 200-Torr H2O/O3/O2 gas mixture held in an 11.5-dm3 temperature-controlled chamber. The rate constant, k1, for the reaction of (CF3)2CHOCH3 with OH radicals was determined to be (1.40 +/- 0.28) x 10(-12) exp[(-550 +/- 60)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) by means of a relative rate method at 253-328 K. The value of k1 at 298 K was (2.25 +/- 0.04) x 10(-13) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). The random errors are reported with +/-2 standard deviations, and potential systematic errors of 15% could increase k(1). In considering OH-radical reactions, we estimated the tropospheric lifetime of (CF3)2CHOCH3 to be 2.0 months using the rate constant at 288 K. The degradation mechanism of (CF3)2CHOCH3 initiated by OH radicals was also investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy at 298 K. Products (CF3)2CHOC(O)H, CF3C(OH)2CF3, CF3C(O)OCH3, and COF(2) were identified and quantified. The branching ratio, k1a/k1b, was estimated to be 2.1:1 for reactions (CF3)2CHOCH3 + OH --> (CF3)2CHOCH2*+ H2O (k1a) and (CF3)2CHOCH3 + OH --> (CF3)2C*OCH3 + H2O (k1b).  相似文献   

14.
用密度泛函B3PW91/6-311g(d,p)方法对SF5CF3与还原性自由基C2H3反应机理进行了理论研究,优化了反应通道上反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型,用内禀反应坐标计算和频率分析确认了过渡态.用精确模型算法G3(MP2)计算了各物种单点能量.研究结果表明:SF5CF3与C2H3自由基反应为多通道反应,C2H3可脱去SF5CF3分子中不同位上的F原子,分别生成3个中间体IM1,IM2和IM3.然后3个中间体发生自分解反应生成产物P1[CF2SF5+C2H3F],P2[CF3SF4(a)+C2H3F]和P3[CF3SF4(b)+C2H3F],其中Path 2和Path 3能垒高度分别为141.9和147.0kJ·mol-1,为竞争反应通道,P2和P3为反应主产物.  相似文献   

15.
By photolyzing (CF2H)2CO and (CFH2)2CO the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions of CF2H radicals with (CF2H)2CO, H2, D2, CH4, C2H6, n? C4H10 and iso? C4H10, and the reactions of CFH2 radicals with (CFH2)2CO and n? C4H10, have been studied. Arrhenius parameters for these reactions are compared with related systems. From a knowledge of the activation energies for the forward and reverse reactions a value of the bond dissociation energy, D(CF2H? H) = 97.4 ± 1.3 kcal mole?1 at a mean temperature of 543°K is obtained. This value is subject to much uncertainty due to possible compensation effects in the Arrhenius parameters. These effects are discussed for this and the other reactions, and the data suggest that D(CF2H? H) is approximately 100 kcal mole?1, and that D(CFH2? H) is very similar. Other literature data tend to confirm these approximate values.  相似文献   

16.
CF3CF2CH2OH is a new chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternative. However, there are few data about its atmospheric fate. The kinetics of its atmospheric oxidation, the OH radical reaction of CF3CF2CH2OH, has been investigated in a 2‐liter Pyrex reactor in the temperature range of 298 ∼ 356 K using gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) for analysis in this study. The rate coefficient of k1 = (2.27) × 10−12 exp[−(900 ± 70)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 was determined using the relative rate method. The results are in good agreement with the literature values and the prediction of Atkinson's structure–activity relationship (SAR) model. From these results, the atmospheric lifetime of CF3CF2CH2OH in the troposphere was deduced to be 0.34 year, which is 250 and 6 times shorter than those of CFC‐113 and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC‐225ca), respectively. Therefore CF3CF2CH2OH has significant potential for the replacement of CFC‐113 and HCFC‐225ca. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 32: 73–78, 2000  相似文献   

17.
The hydrogen transfer reaction between C2H6 and CF3 radicals, generated by the photolysis of CF3I, has been studied in the temperature range 298–617 K. The rate constant, based on the value of 1013.36 cm3 mol?1 s?1 for the recombination of CF3 radicals, is given by where k2 is in cm3 mol?1 s?1 and E is in J mol?1. These results are compared with those previously reported, and the following best value for k2 is recommended:   相似文献   

18.
Using FTIR smog chamber techniques, k(Cl + CF3OCF2CF2H) = (2.70 +/- 0.52) x 10(-16), k(OH + CF3OCF2CF2H) = (2.26 +/- 0.18) x 10(-15), k(Cl + CF3OC(CF3)2H) = (1.58 +/- 0.27) x 10(-18) and k(OH + CF3OC(CF3)2H) = (3.26 +/- 0.95) x 10(-16) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) were measured. The atmospheric lifetimes of CF3OCF2CF2H and CF3OC(CF3)2H are estimated to be 27 and 216 years, respectively. Chlorine atom initiated oxidation of CF3OCF2CF2H in 700 Torr of air in the presence of NO(x) gives CF3OC(O)F in a molar yield of 36 +/- 5% and COF2 in a molar yield of 174 +/- 9%, whereas oxidation of CF3OC(CF3)2H gives CF3OC(O)CF3 and COF2 in molar yields that are indistinguishable from 100%. Quantitative infrared spectra were recorded and used to estimate global warming potentials of 3690 and 8230 (100 year time horizon, relative to CO2) for CF3OCF2CF2H and CF3OC(CF3)2H, respectively. All experiments were performed in 700 Torr of N2/O2 diluent at 296 +/- 2 K. An empirical relationship can be used to estimate the preexponential factor, which can be combined with k(298 K) to give the temperature dependence of reactions of OH radicals with organic compounds proceeding via H-atom abstraction: log(A/n) = (0.239 +/- 0.027) log(k(OH)/n) - (8.69 +/- 0.372), k(OH) is the rate constant at 298 K and n is the number of H atoms. The rates of H-atom abstraction by OH radicals and Cl atoms at 298 K from organic compounds are related by the expression log(k(OH)) = (0.412 +/- 0.049) log(k(Cl)) - (8.16 +/- 0.72). The utility of these expressions and the atmospheric chemistry of the title hydrofluoroethers are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric chemistry of CCl2FCH2CF3 (HFCF-234fb) was examined using FT-IR/relative-rate methods. Hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom rate coefficients of k(CCl2FCH2CF3+OH)= (2.9 ± 0.8) × 10−15 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 and k(CCl2FCH2CF3+Cl)= (2.3 ± 0.6) × 10−17 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 were determined at 297 ± 2 K. The OH rate coefficient determined here is two times higher than the previous literature value. The atmospheric lifetime for CCl2FCH2CF3 with respect to reaction with OH radicals is approximately 21 years using the OH rate coefficient determined in this work, estimated Arrhenius parameters and scaling it to the atmospheric lifetime of CH3CCl3. The chlorine atom initiated oxidation of CCl2FCH2CF3 gives C(O)F2 and C(O)ClF as stable secondary products. The halogenated carbon balance is close to 80% in our system. The integrated IR absorption cross-section for CCl2FCH2CF3 is 1.87 × 10−16 cm molecule−1 (600–1600 cm−1) and the radiative efficiency was calculated to 0.26 W m−2 ppb1. A 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 1460 was determined, accounting for an estimated stratospheric lifetime of 58 years and using a lifetime-corrected radiative efficiency estimation.  相似文献   

20.
The complex formed between methanol and tetrafluoromethane has been identified in argon and neon matrixes by help of FTIR spectroscopy. Three fundamentals (nu(OH), nu(FCF), and nu(CO)) were observed for the complex isolated in the two matrixes, and the OH stretch was red shifted in a neon matrix and blue shifted in an argon matrix with respect to the corresponding vibration of the methanol monomer. The theoretical studies of the structure and spectral characteristics of the complexes formed between CH(3)OH and CF(4) were carried out at the MP2 level of theory with the 6-311+G(2df,2pd) basis set. The calculations resulted in three stationary points from which two (I-1, I-2) corresponded to structures involving the O-H...F hydrogen bond and the third one (I-3) to the non-hydrogen-bonded structure. The topological analysis of the distribution of the charge density (AIM theory) confirmed the existence of the hydrogen bond in I-1, I-2 complexes and indicated weak interaction between the oxygen atom of CH(3)OH and three fluorine atoms of CF(4) in the I-3 complex. The comparison of the experimental and theoretical data suggests that in the matrixes only the non-hydrogen-bonded complex I-3 is trapped. The blue/red shift of the complex OH stretching vibration with respect to the corresponding vibration of CH(3)OH in argon/neon matrixes is explained by the different sensitivity of the complex and monomer vibrations to matrix material. The ab initio calculations performed for the ternary CH(3)OH-CF(4)-Ar systems indicated a negligible effect of an argon atom on the binary complex frequencies.  相似文献   

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