A highly catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition: synthesis of the C14-C20 fragment of antibiotic TMC-151A, siphonarienal and siphonarienone

A highly selective and general method for the synthesis of enantiopure deoxypropionates via the iterative application of CuI-Tol-BINAP-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition is described. This method gives access to all possible stereoisomers since both syn- and anti-deoxypropionates were obtained in high diastereoselectivities. The usefulness of the method is further exemplified by the preparation of two marine organisms, siphonarienal and siphonarienone, from commercially available trans-2-hexenoate.     

Catalytic, asymmetric synthesis of siphonarienal.

This paper describes the synthesis of the marine natural product, siphonarienal. The key step of this synthesis is an aldol reaction that constructs most of the skeleton and sets all three stereocenters of the target in one step from commercially available starting materials. Deoxygenation and chain homologation steps complete the synthesis.     

One-pot, catalytic, asymmetric synthesis of polypropionates

[reaction: see text] The opening of methylketene dimer, followed by aldol reactions of the resulting enolate, provides a convenient access to syn,syn-dipropionate aldol adducts of a variety of aldehydes. These aldol adducts are useful precursors in the synthesis of complex polypropionates.     

Total synthesis of the marine alkaloid halitulin

The structure of the strongly cytotoxic marine alkaloid halitulin (1) has been confirmed by total synthesis and its absolute configuration determined as (15S). The synthesis follows a strategy previously reported by one of us and uses an efficient preparation of the quinoline-7,8-diol unit by modified Baeyer-Villiger and Skraup reactions. The O-benzyl protecting groups were removed in the last step of the synthesis by transfer hydrogenolysis without concomitant reduction of the quinoline ring. The method can be applied for the synthesis of halitulin analogues.     

Total synthesis of the dolabellane marine diterpenoids, claenone, palominol and dolabellatrienone

The synthesis of marine dolabellane diterpenoids claenone, palominol and dolabellatrienone was conducted from d-mannitol. In each case, formation of the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivative by sequential Michael reaction, preparation of the tetrasubstituted cyclopentane derivative by retro-aldol reaction and cyclization of sulfone were involved as key steps.     

Total synthesis of marine prostanoids clavulones

An enantioselective and stereoselective synthesis of novel marine prostanoids clavulone II (1) and 12-O-desacetylclavulone II (2) has been accomplished.     

Total synthesis of marine diterpenoid stolonidiol

Marine dolabellane diterpenoid stolonidiol was synthesized from l-ascorbic acid. The method for this total synthesis involves formation of the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivative using a diastereoselective sequential Michael reaction, formation of cyclopentane derivative by the retro-aldol reaction and construction of an 11-membered carbocyclic ring through the intramolecular Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction.     

Total synthesis of the marine macrolide (+)-neopeltolide

A concise total synthesis of the antiproliferative macrolide (+)-neopeltolide has been completed, utilising a Jacobsen hetero Diels-Alder reaction to install the trisubstituted tetrahydropyran ring.     

Total synthesis of the marine cytotoxic caulibugulones A-D

We report the first total synthesis of the cytotoxic marine alkaloids caulibugulone A-D. This synthesis confirmed the assigned structures and provided sufficient material for further biological testing.     

Total synthesis and structural revision of the marine macrolide neopeltolide

The total synthesis and structural revision of the marine natural product neopeltolide is reported. The key bond-forming step involves a Lewis acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization to install the tetrahydropyran ring and the macrocycle simultaneously. This type of cyclization is the first of its kind and assembles the carbon backbone of the natural product efficiently. The synthesis of the reported structure revealed differences in the data between the natural and synthetic material. After significant investigation, the diastereomeric molecule with the C11 and C13 configurations inverted was synthesized using the initial route. This compound matches the data reported for neopeltolide (1H, 13C, HRMS, IR, NOESY, [alpha]), thereby establishing the correct overall structure for this potent macrolide natural product, including the relative and absolute stereochemistry.     

Total synthesis of the marine pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloid tsitsikammamine A

A concise route to the marine pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloid tsitsikammamine A and a regioisomer was developed. The synthesis was based on a Michael reaction between the indole dione 6 and 2′-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol.     

Total synthesis of the bicyclic marine sesquiterpenoid drechslerine B

The total synthesis of the recently isolated bicyclic sesquiterpenoid drechslerine B (2), isolated from the algicolous fungus Drechslera dematioidearare in the marine red alga Liagora viscida, has been achieved, starting from (S)-carvone (8), via an intramolecular aldol reaction and palladium-catalyzed carbon monoxide insertion as key reactions.     

Total synthesis of the marine pyridoacridine alkaloid sebastianine A

The synthesis of the marine alkaloid sebastianine A and of a regioisomer has been accomplished via hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of indole-4,7-dione or N-tosylindole-4,7-dione with trifluoroacetamidocinnamaldehyde dimethylhydrazone, and subsequent cyclisation in alkaline conditions.     

Total synthesis of mycothiazole, a polyketide heterocycle from marine sponges

Mycothiazole isolated from marine sponges has been efficiently synthesized in a convergent manner. The key reactions involve the thiazole synthesis by dehydrogenation of the thiazolidine with chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), the Stille coupling, and the Nagao asymmetric acetate aldol reaction using the chiral 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione. This synthesis clearly established the absolute configuration of natural mycothiazole to be (R).     

Total solid-phase synthesis of marine cyclodepsipeptide IB-01212

A suitable combination of synthetic design, orthogonal protecting groups and coupling reagents was used to complete the first known synthesis of the natural marine cyclodepsipeptide IB-01212. The cyclic, symmetric octapeptide contains two of each of the following residues: L-N,N-Me2Leu, L-Ser, L-N-MeLeu and L-N-MePhe. IB-01212 also features two symmetric ester bonds between the hydroxyl group of Ser and the carboxyl function of the N-MePhe. Total solid-phase syntheses of the product was performed in parallel via three distinct routes: dimerization of heterodetic fragments, linear synthesis, and convergent synthesis. The convergent strategy gave the best results in terms of product yield and purity and is particularly suitable for the large-scale synthesis of IB-01212 and similar peptides.     

Total synthesis of the chlorinated marine natural product dysamide B

[Structure: see text] Two approaches to the synthesis of (2S,4S)-5,5-dichloroleucine are compared, and the parent amino acid was used in the first total synthesis of the polychlorinated marine natural product, dysamide B. A key step was the lead tetraacetate-mediated decarboxylation of an alpha,alpha-dichloro acid in the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene to generate the dichloromethyl group.     

Total synthesis and revision of stereochemistry of the marine metabolite trunkamide A

The isolation of the cytotoxic Lissoclinum sp. metabolite trunkamide A was reported in 1996. After completion of a total synthesis in 1999, it became clear that the structure of this marine natural product had to be revised. We now report the first preparation of actual trunkamide A in a total synthesis that serves as an unambiguous structural and stereochemical proof. Highlights of our synthetic strategy are a Lewis acid assisted aziridine opening that was used for the preparation of the novel reverse-prenylated serine and threonine side chains as well as an efficient oxazoline-thiazoline interconversion on the macrocyclic skeleton. In addition, several stereoisomers prepared by complementary synthetic protocols serve to illustrate the general scope of our methodology and confirm the configurational assignment.