序言

<正>力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的目标,是党中央深思熟虑的重大战略决策,实现“双碳”目标的技术创新也成为当前的研究热点。煤是中国最主要的化石能源,生物质是唯一可再生的含碳能源,煤和生物质协同热化学转化(热解、气化、燃烧等)是实现化石能源和非化石能源耦合高效利用的重要技术手段,对于实现“双碳”目标具有重要现实意义。目前,国内外研究人员围绕煤和生物质协同热化学转化展开了大量研究,并取得了积极研究进展。     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法快速测定固体生物质中砷的含量

<正>为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标,我国加快调整能源结构,大力发展绿色低碳新能源替代化石能源,生物质能作为可再生能源的重要组成部分,是一种取之不尽的可再生能源,也是唯一可以直接存储和运输的可再生能源。由于生物质生长过程中吸收的CO₂与其燃烧利用中排放的CO₂是相等的,在总量上实现了零排放,消除了产生温室效应的根源,是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要能源,因此生物质能得到我国政府的高度重视。     

《氢能源与燃料电池》专辑序言——氢能助力的双碳目标实现

<正>氢能是一种自然界丰富、应用多样性的二次绿色能源，也是实现能源与环境重要议题框架下“碳达峰”和“碳中和”目标的重要载体。当今世界正面临着百年未有之变革，技术革命和产业升级同清洁低碳的绿色能源形成历史性交汇。各国家正全力布局绿色氢能产业，加快以能源结构升级，培育经济新增长点。我国也适时提出氢能产业发展的中长期规划，水分解制氢和燃料电池为基础的氢能应用多重技术的突破，为我国零排放的能源利用实现弯道超车，牢牢把握全球能源与环境发展的大势和机遇。     

二氧化碳在聚氨酯中的资源化应用

随着现代社会的快速发展,人们对能源的需求与日俱增,目前,发展中国家仍以化石燃料为主要能源投入,其燃烧产生的二氧化碳排放带来的温室效应和环境问题已引起举世关注.因此,通过对二氧化碳进行捕集、封存与转化利用,实现碳减排和碳中和目标成为目前研究的热点.其中,二氧化碳基高分子材料的制备在实现二氧化碳资源化利用的同时,也为聚合物...     

高效CO_2还原至CO催化剂:核/壳结构Cu/SnO_2纳米粒子

<正>2016年我国的CO_2排放已达100亿吨/年左右,约占全球的30%,除了减少化石能源的使用和降低碳排放之外,如何有效地将过量排放的CO_2还原或转化,实现"碳中性"(carbon neutrality)的生态平衡是人类亟需解决的问题。由于CO_2化学性质稳定,需采用高温、高压或使用催化剂才能使其反应,因此从能源和经济角度来考虑,选择温和条     

TiO2负载的高分散Cd团簇催化剂高效催化CO2加氢制甲醇

近年来,利用可再生能源分解水制氢进而开展二氧化碳资源化利用的研究引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣.科学层面上它暗合了自然光合作用的理念;应用层面上它把二氧化碳变废为宝,既可以得到人类必需的含碳化学品,又可以实现碳中和.甲醇被认为是二氧化碳资源化的最佳选择,可在动力、交通、化工等领域替代煤炭等传统化石能源,也是良好的载氢分...     

电化学能源专辑

<正>电化学能源的本质是通过电化学反应实现电能和化学自由能之间的相互转换,同时伴随着物质转化,具有高效、清洁及可再生等优点,是应对目前能源环境危机和实现国家“双碳”目标的重要手段。我国在可再生电能的开发利用方面发展迅速,水电、风电和光伏发电累计装机容量居世界第一,这为电化学能源技术的普及应用提供了强大的驱动力。然而,推动电化学能源替代传统化石能源仍面临诸多科学难题和工程挑战,需要实现基础理论、材料创新、能源转换与存储机制和器件优化的全方位突破,这将是一项长期而艰巨的任务。     

绿色碳科学：双碳目标下的科学基础——第292期“双清论坛”学术综述

基于第292期“双清论坛”,本文阐述了“绿色碳科学”理念的科学内涵,综述了当前我国能源与材料科技领域低碳化科学技术的研究进展、相关挑战与未来机遇,凝练了双碳目标的实现路径、关键科学问题、未来研究方向,为自然科学基金委下一步制订碳中和基础研究行动计划与资助方案提供参考。     

基于大概念及多角度探讨的跨学科项目式教学——实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的途径研究

基于“碳达峰、碳中和”这一社会热点问题，以“绿色发展”为统摄性的大概念，实施项目式教学，通过探秘“碳源”、挖潜“能源”、创新“储能”、固封“资源”4步曲，优化课堂教学模式、助推学生深度学习。在真实问题情境中，帮助学生厘清学科的必备知识、弄透原理的来龙去脉、构建解题的思维模型，进而发展学生的学科核心素养。     

“碳中和”背景下高分子材料与工程专业课程教学改革

在“碳中和”背景下,高等教育的教育理念和教学模式应围绕国家可持续发展战略对新型人才的需求而做出调整。结合本校高分子材料与工程专业的特点和发展方向,在强化基础理论和知识的基础上,将本专业课程在教学内容、教学方法和课程思政元素融入等方面进行了系列改革和探索,重点培养学生的“碳中和”理念、创新意识和实践能力,以便进一步提高本专业人才培养质量,满足“碳中和”目标下国家对相关人才的需求。     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Preparation and photolysis of poly-p-ethylacrylophenone and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone and their copolymers with styrene and methyl methacrylate

Poly-p-ethylacrylophenone (PPEtAP) and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone (PPClAP) and their copolymers with styrene (PEtAP/S) and (PClAP/S) and with methyl methacrylate (PEtAP/MMA) and (PClAP/MMA) were prepared. Quantum yields of main-chain scissions at 366 nm at room temperature in benzene solution are of the same order as those of the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers. Substitution with chlorine and ethyl group in the para position compared to the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers leads to an increase of the lifetime for the n–π^* excited triplet state, as is evident from the measured quenching constants of photolysis. The low-temperature emission spectra of the copolymers are similar to the spectra of the model compounds in a polymer film. For the homopolymer, however, the character of the emission spectrum changes considerably.     

Concentrations and distributions of trace and minor elements in Chinese and Canadian coals and ashes

A total of 35 trace and minor elements including some of environmental significance were determined in each of a selection of 15 Chinese and 6 Canadian thermal coals and their ashes by using the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor facility of the University of Toronto. The concentrations and distributions of these constituents among the coals and their combustion products (viz. ash and volatile matter) are presented together with an interpretation of their significance in relation to the large scale combustion of these coals as thermal fuels in industrialized countries such as China and Canada. The detailed results showed wide variations in trace impurity concentrations (up to a factor of 100 and more) among the coals studied with few large differences between those of Chinese and Canadian origin except that the rare earths, Sc, Th, U, I, and Se were much higher in the former, other halogens, As and Na were lower. Values for elemental enrichment factors (EF) relative to normal crustal abundances indicated that only As(EF=13), Br(5.7), I(16), S(230), Sb(11) and Se(320) were appreciably enriched in coal. During static ashing at 750°C most of the halogens, S and Se were volatilized whereas most other inorganic constituents were highly retained and concentrated in the ash by factors of 6 to 11.