共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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近年来,利用太阳光光解水制氢被认为是解决当前能源短缺和环境污染问题的重要途径之一.众所周知,助催化剂可以有效的降低光催化产氢反应的活化能,提供产氢反应的活性位点,有效的促进催化剂中光生载流子的传输与分离,从而提高光催化剂产氢体系的反应活性和稳定性.然而,鉴于贵金属助催化剂(Pt, Au和Pd等)储量低、成本高,极大地制约了其应用.因而,开发出适用于光催化水分解制氢的非贵金属助催化剂尤为重要.石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)因其具有热稳定性、化学稳定性高以及制备成本低廉等优点,成为光催化领域研究的热点.然而,由于g-C_3N_4的禁带宽度(Eg=2.7 eV)较宽,致使其对可见光的响应能力较弱,并且在光催化反应过程中其光生电子-空穴对易复合,从而导致其光催化产氢活性较低.因此,如何开发出含非贵金属助催化剂的g-C_3N_4高效、稳定的太阳光催化分解水制氢体系引起了人们极大的关注.本文通过水热法-高温氨化法首次将非贵金属Ni_3N作为助催化剂来修饰g-C_3N_4,增强其可见光光催化性能(l420 nm).采用XRD、SEM、EDS、Mapping、UV-Vis、XPS和TEM等手段对Ni_3N/g-C_3N_4光催化体系进行了表征.结果表明, Ni_3N纳米颗粒成功的负载到g-C_3N_4表面且没有改变g-C_3N_4的层状结构.此外,采用荧光光谱分析(PL)、阻抗测试(EIS)和光电流谱进行表征,结果显示, Ni_3N纳米颗粒可有效促进催化剂中光生载流子的传输与分离,抑制电子-空穴对的复合.同时,将功率为300 W且装有紫外滤光片(λ420 nm)的氙灯作为可见光光源进行光催化产氢实验结果表明,引入了一定量的Ni_3N可以极大提高g-C_3N_4的光催化活性,其中, Ni_3N/g-C_3N_4#3的产氢量为~305.4μmol·h-1·g-1,大约是单体g-C_3N_4的3倍.此外,在450nm单色光照射下, Ni_3N/g-C_3N_4光催化产氢体系的量子效率能达到~0.45%,表明Ni_3N/g-C_3N_4具有将入射电子转化为氢气的能力.循环产氢实验表明, Ni_3N/g-C_3N_4在光催化产氢过程中有着较好的产氢活性和稳定性.最后,阐述了Ni_3N/g-C_3N_4体系的光催化产氢反应机理.本文采用的原料价格低廉,性能优异,制备简单,所制材料在光催化制氢领域展现出重要前景. 相似文献
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Developing novel and efficient catalysts is a significant way to break the bottleneck of low separation and transfer efficiency of charge carriers in pristine photocatalysts. Here, two fresh photocatalysts, g-C3N4@Ni3Se4 and g-C3N4@CoSe2 hybrids, are first synthesized by anchoring Ni3Se4 and CoSe2 nanoparticles on the surface of well-dispersed g-C3N4 nanosheets. The resulting materials show excellent performance for photocatalytic in situ hydrogen generation. Pristine g-C3N4 has poor photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (about 1.9 μmol·h-1) because of the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs. However, the hydrogen generation activity is well improved after growing Ni3Se4 and CoSe2 on the surface of g-C3N4, owing to the unique effect of these selenides in accelerating the separation and migration of charge carriers. The hydrogen production activities of G-C3N4@Ni3Se4 and g-C3N4@CoSe2 are about 16.4 μmol·h-1 and 25.6 μmol·h-1, which are 8-fold and 13-fold that of pristine g-C3N4, respectively. In detail, coupling Ni3Se4 and CoSe2 with g-C3N4 greatly improves the light absorbance density and extends the light response region. The photoluminescence intensity of the photoexcited Eosin Y dye in the presence of g-C3N4@Ni3Se4 and g-C3N4@CoSe2 is weaker than that in the presence of pure g-C3N4. On the other hand, the upper limit of the electron-transfer rate constants in the presence of g-C3N4@Ni3Se4 and g-C3N4@CoSe2 is greater than that in the presence of pure g-C3N4. Among the g-C3N4@Ni3Se4@FTO, g-C3N4@CoSe2@FTO, and g-C3N4@FTO electrodes, the g-C3N4@FTO electrode has the lowest photocurrent density and the highest electrochemical impedance, implying that the introduction of CoSe2 and Ni3Se4 onto the surface of g-C3N4 enhances the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. In other words, the formation of two star metals selenide based on g-C3N4 can efficiently inhibit the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and accelerate photocatalytic water splitting to generate H2. Meanwhile, the right shift of the absorption band edge effectively reduces the transition threshold of the photoexcited electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. In addition, the more negative zeta potential for the g-C3N4@Ni3Se4 and g-C3N4@CoSe2 catalysts as compared with that for pure g-C3N4 leads to a notable enhancement in the adsorption of protons by the sample surface. Moreover, the results of density functional theory calculations indicate that the hydrogen adsorption energy of the N sites in g-C3N4 is -0.22 eV; further, the hydrogen atoms are preferentially adsorbed at the bridge site of two selenium atoms to form a Se―H―Se bond, and the adsorption energy is 1.53 eV. In-depth characterization has been carried out by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transient photocurrent measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the results of these experiments are in good agreement with one another. 相似文献
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以g-C_3N_4和BiVO_4为主要原料,用高温水热法合成出BiVO4/g-C_3N_4复合催化剂。采用X-射线衍射(PXRD)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis),对复合催化剂BiVO_4/g-C_3N_4的结构进行表征。在可见光下,考察此复合催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解性能。研究发现,复合催化剂具有g-C_3N_4和BiVO_4结构特征,在X-射线衍射峰上显示出轻微的宽化,质量比为10%的BiVO_4/g-C_3N_4光催化剂降解活性最好,其降解率在360分钟能达到70.6%。 相似文献
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The growing frustration from facing energy shortages and unbalanced environmental issues has obstructed the long-term development of human society. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis, such as water splitting, transfers solar energy to storable chemical energy and is widely considered an economic and clean solution. Although regarded as a promising photocatalyst, the low specific surface area of g-C3N4 crucially restrains its photocatalytic performance. The macro-mesoporous architecture provides effective channels for mass transfer and full-light utilization and improved the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction. Herein, g-C3N4 with an inverse opal (IO) structure was rationally fabricated using a well-packed SiO2 template, which displayed an ultrahigh surface area (450.2 m2·g-1) and exhibited a higher photocatalytic H2 evolution rate (21.22 μmol·h-1), almost six times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4 (3.65 μmol·h-1). The IO g-C3N4 demonstrates better light absorption capacity than bulk g-C3N4, primarily in the visible spectra range, owing to the multiple light scattering effect of the three-dimensional (3D) porous structure. Meanwhile, a lower PL intensity, longer emission lifetime, smaller Nyquist semicircle, and stronger photocurrent response (which synergistically give rise to the suppressed recombination of charge carriers) decrease the interfacial charge transfer resistance and boost the formation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the existing N vacancies intensify the local electron density, helping increase the number of photoexcitons. The N2 adsorption-desorption test revealed the existence of ample mesopores and macropores and high specific surface area in IO g-C3N4, which exposes more active edges and catalytic sites. Optical behavior, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical characterization results revealed positive factors, including enhanced light utilization, improved photogenerated charge separation, prolonged lifetime, and fortified IO g-C3N4 with excellent photocatalytic performance. This work provides an important contribution to the structural design and property modulation of photocatalysts.
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光催化分解水制氢是应对能源危机和环境污染问题的途径之一,也是实现太阳能转化和储存的有效方法.其中,应用层面的一个关键制约因素是高效光催化剂的开发和制氢反应体系的构建,理论层面的一个关键科学问题是光生电子-空穴的高效分离及光生电子定向迁移,这两个层面的问题构成当前光催化分解水制氢研究的重大挑战.因此,稳定、高效催化剂的制备成为光催化领域重要的研究目标.类石墨烯氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)的结构与石墨相似,其层与层之间的范德华力使其具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性.g-C_3N_4是一种聚合物非金属半导体,由于具有与碳材料相似的层状堆积结构和sp~2杂化的π共轭电子能带结构,因此被认为是最有可能代替碳材料用于光催化分解水制氢的新型光催化材料.g-C_3N_4的室温禁带宽度为2.7eV左右,其价带和导带的位置完全覆盖了水的氧化-还原电位,因此理论上g-C_3N_4不仅能够氧化水为氧气,而且能够将水还原产氢,从而表现出优良的光电特性,成为新型太阳能转换材料.然而, g-C_3N_4在展示了良好研究前景的同时也存在一些缺陷,如比表面积较小及稳定性差等,这制约了g-C_3N_4在光催化领域的应用.为此,通过各种化学修饰对g-C_3N_4进行改性以提高其光催化活性和稳定性成为一个重要的研究方向.本文采用高温煅烧方法成功制备了Zn-Ni-P@g-C_3N_4催化剂.将一定量的g-C_3N_4、乙酸镍、乙酸锌和次亚磷酸钠均匀混合在一起并研磨成粉末,然后以3 oC/min的速率升温至300oC并在此温度下保持2h,自然冷却至室温后即得到Zn-Ni-P@g-C_3N_4催化剂,整个制备过程在氮气环境中进行.研究表明,在Zn与Ni摩尔比为1:3的Zn-Ni-P@g-C_3N_4催化剂上,当反应体系pH=10,在420nm光照下反应5h产氢量可达531.2μmol,是纯g-C_3N_4上的54.7倍.20h循环实验表明催化剂具有较好的光催化稳定性.对催化剂进行了XRD、TEM、SEM、XPS、N_2吸附、UV-vis DRS、瞬态光电流、FT-IR、瞬态荧光和Mott-Schottk等一系列表征,证明Zn-Ni-P的参与有效调变了电荷传输机制.SEM表征表明, Zn-Ni-P@g-C_3N_4为均匀排列的小颗粒,与纯g-C_3N_4相比其结构发生了改变,在Zn-Ni-P@g-C_3N_4结构中未发现g-C_3N_4纳米片的存在,说明Zn-Ni-P和g-C_3N_4成功复合.在上述研究基础上推测了可能的反应机理. 相似文献
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以无机亚磷酸为牺牲剂光化学法制备无定形Ni(OH)2助催化剂用于光催化产氢 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着环境污染和能源危机的加剧,发展可持续能源迫在眉睫.氢气被认为是可以替代化石能源的最有前途的能源之一,且光催化分解水产氢是一种可以将太阳能转化为氢能的环境友好的方法.n型半导体材料石墨C3N4 (g-C3N4)是一种被广泛用作光催化产氢的吸光材料,然而,纯g-C3N4的光生电子–空穴对会迅速重组,其光催化活性非常低.负载助催化剂能够有效抑制光生载流子的复合,是提高光催化产氢速率的有效方法.助催化剂的作用是将电子和空穴转移给相应的反应物,因此除了助催化剂和光吸收材料之间的能级匹配之外,助催化剂负载的位置也是非常重要的.通过常规方法制备的助催化剂一般是随机分布的,而光化学方法可以将助催化剂沉积在电子和空穴的出口处,从而有利于下一步的光催化反应.使用光化学沉积法,可以通过光化学氧化制备氧化型助催化剂,也可以通过光化学还原制备还原型助催化剂.光化学法是还原贵金属助催化剂的一种常用方法,但是对于制备非贵金属助催化剂来说,它仍然是一种相对新颖的方法.光化学法目前正处于发展阶段,依然缺乏成分调控的手段,因此我们致力于发展相对准确、可控的光沉积方法.H2PO2^–由于其特殊的性质被用于光化学还原过渡金属,然而,在H2PO2^–存在下形成的颗粒非常大且高度结晶,这可能抑制光催化剂的活性.本文设计了一种利用其他磷酸盐光沉积合成光催化剂的新方法,旨在制备可控的弱结晶和小尺寸的助催化剂,以提高产氢活性.首先以不同磷酸盐为原料制备催化剂,发现以H2PO3^–为无机牺牲剂制得的催化剂的光催化产氢活性非常突出,而且制得的催化剂具有无定形结构并且平均尺寸约为10 nm.通过XRD, XPS等多种表征,证实了该条件下得到的产物是Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4.同时,通过设计对照实验,发现在使用H2PO3^–作为牺牲剂, NiCl2作为镍源, g-C3N4作为光吸收材料条件下才能制得效果最好的催化剂.然后对光沉时间,原料添加量,产氢牺牲剂等多组条件进行了优化,得到最优的复合光催化剂Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4(4.36wt%)的光催化产氢速率为13707.86μmol·g^-1·h^-1,甚至高于Pt–4.36wt%/g-C3N4的活性(11210.93μmol·g^-1·h^-1).最后,通过PL, TR-PL, SPV, I-V等多种表征对反应机理进行探究,结果表明,光催化产氢性能提升主要原因是Ni(OH)2的负载可以有效提高光生电荷的分离和转移效率,抑制光生电子对的重组. 相似文献
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光催化分解水制氢被认为是解决当前能源危机和环境污染问题的重要途径之一.在众多光催化剂中,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)因其具有高的热稳定性、高的化学稳定性、合适的能带位置以及成本低廉等优点,受到光催化领域研究者的广泛关注,成为研究热点.然而,由于g-C3N4的禁带宽度较大(Eg=2.7 eV),导致其对可见光的响应较差,而且光生电子-空穴对在其中易于复合,从而导致其光催化产氢活性较低.已有研究表明,助催化剂可以有效地促进催化剂中光生载流子的分离和传输,从而提高光催化剂的光催化活性和氢气的产生速率.目前使用最广泛的助催化剂多为贵金属(Au,Ag,Pt和Pd等),然而贵金属储量低、成本高,极大地限制了其实际应用.因而,开发适用于光催化水分解制氢的非贵金属助催化剂成为该领域的研究热点.其中,用非贵金属助催化剂修饰g-C3N4制备高效光催化剂分解水制氢技术引起了人们极大的兴趣.过渡金属磷化物(FeP,CoP,CuP,NiP等)是一种有效的光催化辅助催化剂.然而,这些金属磷化物的合成通常使用有毒的有机磷化合物和白磷或涉高温煅烧.特别是在传统水热法制备金属磷化物过程中会释放大量氢气,导致容器内压力过高,造成较大的安全问题.据报道,在这些磷化物中,磷化钴由于其合适的能带结构和较高的导电性,作为光催化分解水助催化剂受到了广泛关注.然而,截至目前,关于磷化钴作为助催化剂用于光催化的实用技术报道很少,特别是在温和条件下制备磷化钴修饰的g-C3N4复合光催化剂的研究还有待进行.本文研究了以CoP作为助催化剂来改进g-C3N4(制备g-C3N4/CoP),并用于光催化水裂解制氢气.复合光催化剂g-C3N4/CoP经由两步反应合成.第一步采用尿素热分解法制备g-C3N4,第二步通过化学镀法将CoP修饰在g-C3N4表面.采用XRD,TEM,UV-DRS和XPS等手段表征了g-C3N4/CoP光催剂的性质.结果表明,CoP以量子点(QDs)形式均匀分布在g-C3N4表面,显著提高了g-C3N4的光催化活性.不同CoP负载量的样品中,g-C3N4/CoP-4%表现出优异的光催化活性,H2生成速率为936μmol g^-1 h^-1,甚至高于4%Pt负载的g-C3N4(H2的生成速率仅为665μmol g^-1 h^-1).从紫外可见光谱上看,g-C3N4在451 nm达到吸收波长上限,但与CoP复合后,g-C3N4/CoP-4%的吸收波长上限延展到497 nm.此外,光致发光和光电流测试结果证实,将CoP量子点负载到g-C3N4上不仅可以降低光生电荷-空穴对的复合,而且可以改善光生e--h+对的转移,从而提高光催化剂的产氢性能.这项工作为开发高效的非贵金属助催化剂修饰g-C3N4的技术提供了一个可行策略,所制材料在光催化制氢领域显示出潜在的应用前景. 相似文献
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能源短缺和环境恶化是人类社会快速发展面临的重大难题。太阳能作为一种清洁无污染的理想新型能源,具有取之不尽、用之不竭的特点,是实现可持续发展的最佳能源选择。半导体光催化可以直接利用太阳光进行催化反应,得到了广泛关注。作为一种低成本无金属光催化剂,g-C3N4具有独特的电子能带结构、优良的化学稳定性和热力学稳定性,在光催化领域如分解水制氢制氧、降解有机污染物、CO2还原、抗菌和有机官能团选择性转换等方面表现出巨大的应用前景。目前g-C3N4光催化剂存在着如比表面积小、可见光利用率低、量子产率低和光生载流子易复合等问题,制约了其在光催化领域的应用。因此,提升g-C3N4光催化性能是光催化研究领域的重要课题。第一性原理具有半经验方法不可比拟的优势,已成为光催化研究领域计算和模拟的重要基础。基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理在光催化领域的广泛应用,为有效迅速地探求能够改善g-C3N4光催化性能的方法提供了明确的研究手段。本文从理论计算的角度综述了近年来在g-C3N4改性方面所取得的一些重要研究进展,主要包括元素掺杂、复合和形貌调控等改性手段。本文以g-C3N4改性光催化剂为研究对象,从电子性质、能带结构、光学性质和缺陷形成能的角度阐述了各种改性手段提高光催化活性的微观机理。最后,在总结前文所述各类改性研究的基础上,对g-C3N4改性光催化剂未来的发展趋势作出了展望。 相似文献
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Platinum (Pt) is recognized as an excellent cocatalyst which not only suppresses the charge carrier recombination of the photocatalyst but also reduces the overpotential for photocatalytic H2 generation. Albeit of its good performance, the high cost and low abundance restricted the utilization of Pt in large-scale photocatalytic H2 generation. Pt based transition metal alloys are demonstrated to reveal enhanced activities towards various catalytic reactions, suggesting the possibility to substitute Pt as the cocatalyst. In the present work, Pt was partially substituted with Co, Ni, and Fe and Pt-M (M = Co, Ni, and Fe)/g-C3N4 composites were constructed through co-reduction of H2PtCl6 and transition metal salts by the reductant of ethylene glycol. The crystal structure and valence states were measured by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), respectively. The higher degree of XRD peaks and larger binding energies for Pt 4f5/2 and Pt 4f7/2 after incorporating Co2+ ions indicated that Co was successfully introduced into the lattice of Pt and Pt-Co bimetallic alloys was attained through the solvothermal treatment. The morphology was subsequently observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), which showed a good dispersion of Pt-Co nanoparticles on the surface of g-C3N4. Meanwhile, the shrinkage of lattice fringe after introducing cobalt salt further confirmed the presence of Pt-Co bimetallic alloys. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of g-C3N4 and Pt, Pt-Co deposited g-C3N4 were subsequently performed. It was found that the absorption edges were all consistent for all three samples as anticipated, implying that the band gap energy was maintained after hybridizing with Pt or Pt-Co alloys. Furthermore, the photocatalytic H2 generation was carried out over the as-prepared composites with triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial reagent. Under visible-light illumination, the1% (w) Pt2.5M/g-C3N4 (M = Co, Fe, Ni) composites all exhibited higher or comparable activity towards photocatalytic H2 generation when compared to 1% (w) Pt loaded counterpart. In addition, the atomic ratios of Pt/Co and the loading amount of Pt-Co cocatalyst were modified to optimize the photocatalytic performance, among which, 1% (w) Pt2.5Co/g-C3N4 composite revealed the highest activity with a 1.6-time enhancement. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated that the enhancement might be attributed to improved charge transfer from g-C3N4 to Pt2.5Co cocatalyst and inhibited charge carrier recombination in the presence of Pt2.5Co cocatalyst. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the great potential to partially replace Pt with low-cost and abundant transition metals and to fabricate Pt based bimetallic alloys as promising cocatalysts for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 generation. 相似文献
12.
采用水热方法制备了ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4复合材料, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和荧光光谱(PL)等手段对其结构和性能进行表征. 结果表明, 当ZnIn2S4的负载量为20%(质量分数)时, 复合材料表现出最佳的光催化制氢性能, 制氢速率可达到637.08 μmol·g-1·h-1, 分别为纯ZnIn2S4和纯g-C3N4的4倍和37倍. 其原因在于ZnIn2S4和g-C3N4之间具有紧密的异质结结构, 两者有效的结合改善了组分的能带匹配和界面电荷转移, 从而大幅增强了载流子的分离和迁移, 进而提高光催化的性能. 相似文献
13.
通过水热反应合成了Sb2WO6改性的g-C3N4复合材料(Sb2WO6 /g-C3N4). 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 紫外-可见漫散射反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等表征了样品的性质. 结果表明, Sb2WO6在g-C3N4的表面上生长, 并且复合材料光吸收能力有一定的增强, 光生电子-空穴的重组率降低. 通过罗丹明B(RhB)的光降解评价了Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料的光催化性能. 结果表明, 模拟日光下Sb2WO6质量分数为10%的Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料在60 min内对RhB的降解率为99.3%, 高于纯g-C3N4和Sb2WO6. Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料的这种高度增强的光催化活性主要归因于强的界面相互作用促进了光生电子-空穴分离和迁移. 添加自由基清除剂的实验结果表明, ·O2-和h+是光催化反应中的主要活性物质. Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料在几个反应周期内表现出优异的稳定性. 根据实验结果提出了一种可能的Z型光催化机理. 相似文献
14.
利用界面聚合法, 成功将聚苯胺(PANI)纳米棒生长在石墨型氮化碳(g-C3N4)片层上, 制备了PANI/g-C3N4复合光催化剂. 采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、热重分析(TGA)和电化学工作站表征手段考察样品的结构、形貌及性能, 以可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝为模型考察样品的可见光催化活性. 实验结果表明, 在复合材料中的g-C3N4能很好地分散成层状, 并在层间与PANI纳米棒形成复合物, 这种特殊的复合结构不仅利于片状g-C3N4对PANI链段运动的限制及对其降解产物的物理屏蔽, 从而可以提高复合材料的热稳定性, 而且具有优越的可见光催化性能. 相似文献
15.
Jing Zou Guodong Liao Jizhou Jiang Zhiguo Xiong Saishuai Bai Haitao Wang Pingxiu Wu Peng Zhang Xin Li 《结构化学》2022,41(1):25-33
The rational construction of a high-efficiency stepscheme heterojunctions is an effective strategy to accelerate the photocatalytic H2.Unfortunately,the variant energy-level matching between two different semiconductor confers limited the photocatalytic performance.Herein,a newfangled graphitic-carbon nitride(g-C3N4)based isotype step-scheme heterojunction,which consists of sulfur-doped and defective active sites in one microstructural unit,is successfully developed by in-situ polymerizing N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and urea,accompanied by sulfur(S)powder.Therein,the polymerization between the amino groups of DMF and the amide group of urea endows the formation of rich defects.The propulsive integration of S-dopants contributes to the excellent fluffiness and dispersibility of lamellar g-C3N4.Moreover,the developed heterojunction exhibits a significantly enlarged surface area,thus leading to the more exposed catalytically active sites.Most importantly,the simultaneous introduction of S-doping and defects in the units of g-C3N4 also results in a significant improvement in the separation,transfer and recombination efficiency of photo-excited electron-hole pairs.Therefore,the resulting isotype step-scheme heterojunction possesses a superior photocatalytic H2 evolution activity in comparison with pristine g-C3N4.The newly afforded metal-free isotype step-scheme heterojunction in this work will supply a new insight into coupling strategies of heteroatoms doping and defect engineering for various photocatalytic systems. 相似文献
16.
导电聚合物型光催化材料g-C3N4有着独特的电子结构、稳定的化学性能和显著的可见光催化活性。基于g-C3N4的Z型光催化体系(Z-g-C3N4)的催化效率高、电子-空穴复合率低而备受关注,在光催化领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力。本文阐述了Z-g-C3N4型光催化反应体系的作用机理,综述了Z-g-C3N4在光催化领域的研究进展,介绍了Z-g-C3N4在产氢、转化CO2、降解有机物等光催化领域的应用,讨论了pH值、导电介质等因素对Z-g-C3N4光催化性能的影响。最后指出了Z-g-C3N4光催化体系在研究过程中面临的问题和研究方向。 相似文献
17.
氢气因其具有高燃烧热、可再生性以及燃烧产物无污染等优势被认为是一种绿色可再生能源,是取代化石燃料的候选能源之一.然而,如何利用自然界中丰富的太阳能和水资源实现光分解水制氢的关键在于开发高效的光催化剂.在尺寸明确、能级带隙匹配的纳米材料间进行完美的界面复合(异质结构筑)是实现高效太阳能-氢能转换的最佳途径.石墨相氮化碳(CN)材料因其电子结构可调和化学性能稳定等特性被光催化界所关注.然而,氮化碳材料较弱的电学性能如电荷传输能力差及电子-空穴对复合率高导致其表现出较低的光催化制氢效率.基于此,我们用盐酸对氮化碳进行质子化处理,使材料表面电荷发生改变,从而实现氮化碳的电子带隙调节和电导率提升.在此基础上,将二维碳化钛原位负载于质子化的氮化碳(PCN)纳米片表面构筑肖特基结.PCN纳米片与碳化钛纳米片间的良好界面接触促进了电荷在材料界面上传输,进而加速了氮化碳材料的电荷分离,实现了氮化碳光催化剂活性的提升.Zeta电位测试结果显示,CN和PCN的表面电位分别为?9.5和27.3 mV,表明质子化处理可以有效改变材料表面电荷,并促其与碳化钛纳米片进行静电组装.该结果进一步得到了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)的证实.改变表面电荷使氮化碳材料的能带宽度由2.53 eV(CN)减小到2.41 eV(PCN),增强了可见光区吸收.同时,PCN的光电流密度提升了约4倍,电子阻抗和激发态电子的辐射复合都显著降低.将PCN与碳化钛复合制得复合材料(PCN-x,x=10,20,40),实验结果表明5 g的PDN最佳负载碳化钛的量为20 mg(PCN-20).在标准太阳模拟器的可见光区(>420 nm),复合材料PCN-20的光催化水分解产氢量可达2181μmol·g-1,是CN催化剂的约5.5倍,PCN的2.7倍,并且经过5次产氢循环后PCN-20仍具有稳定的氢气释放速率.以上结果表明,氮化碳材料可以通过质子化处理以及与适量的碳化钛复合实现光催化产氢性能的提升,其中碳化钛在体系中起助催化剂的作用.该研究结果可为其他半导体光催化剂的性能优化以及非贵金属助催化剂的研究提供新思路. 相似文献