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1.
杨蓉  李兰  任冰  陈丹  陈利萍  燕映霖 《化学进展》2018,30(11):1681-1691
锂硫电池是以锂为负极,单质硫为正极的二次电池,具有高达1675 mA·h/g的比容量及2600 W·h/kg的比能量密度。理论上讲,相较于现有的锂离子电池,锂硫电池可使容量扩展5倍,这使其成为最有前景的锂离子电池。由于硫正极的绝缘性以及充放电过程中活性物质易溶于电解液,导致其可实现的能量密度远低于理论值。异原子掺杂石墨烯因具有优异的导电性,且对多硫化锂(LiPS)具有强的吸附作用而被广泛应用于锂硫电池,有效缓解了\"穿梭效应\",提高了电池的循环稳定性。本文主要从单原子掺杂、双原子掺杂两方面综述了异原子(如N,P,S,B)掺杂石墨烯在锂硫电池领域的研究现状,详细分析了其应用于锂硫电池的作用机理,并从掺杂量、掺杂形式、掺杂位置等方面对电池性能的提升进行了梳理和展望。  相似文献   

2.
通过简单刮涂法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)涂覆改性的聚乙烯(PE)隔膜,并分析研究了GO的氧化程度对隔膜电学性能的影响。采用X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、充放电实验、多硫化物透过性测试和交流阻抗等方法对GO及其改性隔膜的结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明:GO改性隔膜可以抑制锂硫电池的"穿梭效应";并且既具有较高的氧化程度,又具有较高的导电性的GO-4改性隔膜的电学性能最优;引入该隔膜的锂硫电池在0.2C条件下,首圈放电比容量为900.0mA·h/g,高于未改性PE隔膜的763.2mA·h/g。  相似文献   

3.
锂硫电池因其理论能量密度高、资源丰富和环境友好等优势,被认为是最有发展前景的下一代电化学储能系统之一。然而,硫的绝缘性、充放电中间产物多硫化物的溶解和扩散、硫的体积膨胀以及锂负极安全性等问题,严重制约着锂硫电池的商业应用。石墨烯因其具有高导电、高柔性等诸多优异特性而被广泛研究,将其用于锂硫电池的正极载体、隔膜涂层和集流体中,以期实现高比能、高稳定性的锂硫电池。本文综述了石墨烯基材料,包括石墨烯、功能化石墨烯、掺杂石墨烯和石墨烯复合物,在锂硫电池中应用的研究进展,并展望了锂硫电池用石墨烯基材料的未来发展方向。  相似文献   

4.
锡基非晶态材料的化学合成及其嵌锂性能的初步研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
刘立  杨汉西 《电化学》1998,4(4):361-364
锂离子电池是近年来化学电源领域研究与发展的热点.为了进一步提高电池的能量密度,开发高容量嵌锂材料是锂离子电池技术发展的关健.目前,广泛应用的嵌锂负极多采用石墨结构碳素材料,其充放电容量已接近LiC6的理论比容量372mA·h/g.与此同时,采用其它类...  相似文献   

5.
针对锂硫电池研究与实际应用中遇到的主要问题, 本文通过一种简单有效的水热法还原氧化石墨烯对商用碳纳米管-硫(CNT-S)纳米复合材料进行包覆, 形成一种可有效抑制多硫聚合物扩散的石墨烯包覆结构。X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征结果表明硫均匀地负载在碳纳米管上, 并且在CNT-S复合材料外表面包覆有一层石墨烯。电化学测试结果表明, 这种包覆结构能显著提高CNT-S复合材料的锂硫电池性能。  相似文献   

6.
锂硫电池因其超高的理论能量密度以及硫资源丰富、成本低廉、无毒的优点,被认为是极具发展潜力与应用前景的新一代储能设备。然而,硫正极导电性差、体积膨胀以及穿梭效应严重等问题严重制约了其商业化应用。石墨烯具有高比表面积、高导电性和高柔韧性,并且易于进行表面化学修饰及组装,是一种理想的硫载体材料。本文主要综述了近年来三维石墨烯、表面化学修饰的石墨烯、石墨烯基复合材料以及石墨烯基柔性材料在锂硫电池正极中的研究现状,并展望了石墨烯作为硫载体在锂硫电池正极中的发展趋势。  相似文献   

7.
针对锂硫电池研究与实际应用中遇到的主要问题,本文通过一种简单有效的水热法还原氧化石墨烯对商用碳纳米管-硫(CNT-S)纳米复合材料进行包覆,形成一种可有效抑制多硫聚合物扩散的石墨烯包覆结构。X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征结果表明硫均匀地负载在碳纳米管上,并且在CNT-S复合材料外表面包覆有一层石墨烯。电化学测试结果表明,这种包覆结构能显著提高CNT-S复合材料的锂硫电池性能。  相似文献   

8.
碳纳米管和石墨在电化学嵌锂过程中的协同效应   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
锂电子电池;负极材料;碳纳米管和石墨在电化学嵌锂过程中的协同效应  相似文献   

9.
粒度对石墨负极材料嵌锂性能的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了不同粒径(13~80 μm)石墨材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的嵌锂性能.结果表明,石墨粒度大小对嵌锂性能有明显影响,石墨的不可逆容量随着粒径的减小而逐渐增大,当粒径从80 μm减小到13 μm时,其不可逆容量增大了10%.而对可逆容量来说,随着粒径的减小,可逆容量逐渐增大;当粒径减小到20 μm时,可逆容量达到最大;再进一步减小石墨颗粒的粒径,可逆容量则随之减小.这表明石墨颗粒过大或过小都不利于锂离子的可逆脱嵌,只有合适的粒度才能最大限度地可逆脱嵌锂离子.根据不同粒度石墨的比表面的变化趋势,阐述了嵌锂性能随粒度变化的原因.  相似文献   

10.
锂嵌脱化合物LiMn2O4的微波烧结研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
本文用微波烧结法合成锂嵌脱材料LiMn2O4,研究了微波烧结功率,时间的固态产物相的影响,对LiMn2O4单相多晶粉末进行了XRD,IRM,XPS,等离子体发射光谱及氧化还原等测试。  相似文献   

11.
凌曦  张锦* 《物理化学学报》2012,28(10):2355-2362
利用石墨烯增强拉曼散射效应可以获得与石墨烯接触的某些分子的拉曼增强信号, 并且对于不同的分子或振动模, 其拉曼增强因子不同. 根据这一特征, 本工作利用拉曼光谱技术对石墨烯表面上酞菁铅(PbPc)分子Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)膜在退火过程中吸附构型的变化进行了跟踪研究. 发现随着退火温度的升高, 石墨烯表面上PbPc分子的拉曼信号经历了一个先增强后减弱的过程, 在升华温度点附近强度达到最大, 表明PbPc发生了由直立向平躺取向的转变; 同时, 在PbPc分子升华温度点附近, 由于对称性破坏导致散射截面低的振动模出现, 并且该振动模强度随着退火温度的进一步升高而增强, 表明非平面的PbPc分子受石墨烯π-π相互作用的影响而形变加剧, 向平面结构转变; 在更高的退火温度下, 则出现一些不属于PbPc分子的拉曼振动峰, 表明PbPc分子在石墨烯表面由Pb(II)被还原成Pb(0).  相似文献   

12.
    
A universal simplified strategy was developed to fabricate all-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitors with high areal capacitance (~355 mF/cm2), based on interdigital patterned films of 2D pseudocapacitive MnO2 nanosheets and electrochemically exfoliated graphene.  相似文献   

13.
Reaction of 2,5-dimethylazaferrocene with sec-BuLi/TMEDA in THF at −78 °C, followed by quenching with D2O brought about incorporation of deuterium into the Cp ring (54%), methyl groups (38%) and the pyrrolyl β-position (8%). When benzyl chloride or p-methoxybenzaldehyde was used as quenchers products originated from the lateral lithiation were only formed, accompanied by recovered starting material. For this reaction a radical pathway is suggested.  相似文献   

14.
Large scale fractal graphene layers are obtained by complex method of liquid phase exfoliation and self-organization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to study the surface properties of formed layers and to assess their thickness. Surface potential of graphene and potential transition between the graphene and substrate is measured by Kelvin probe method. The influence of the effect of dielectric confinement on the optical properties of graphene is discussed in this work. Raman scattering spectra were used for structural analysis and assessment of the level of defects. Current-voltage characteristics of graphene ribbons were measured and discussed for different number of layers.  相似文献   

15.
Graphene layer is a monolayer of graphite. Graphene single layer has confirmed to have a higher electron and hole mobility than silicon and has high heat conduction and special optical properties. And un‐perfect graphene sheets exist in any carbon materials. In our previous result to determine the graphene sheets content in any carbon material can be determined by X‐ray spectrum combination with a peak decomposition method. In this study, we have prepared two serious carbon materials from wood wastes, with and without MnO2 catalytic pyrolysis processes. Results show that all the G band intensity of all synthesized samples including a commercial graphene powder in Raman spectrum has a proportional relation with the graphene sheets content in these carbon materials.  相似文献   

16.
    
In this work, we proposed a novel three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructure based on porous graphene/nickel foam (GNF) and gas-phase deposited Ag nanoparticles (NPs).Ag NPs with high density were directly deposited on the surface of 3D GNF by performing a novel cluster beam deposition approach. In comparison with traditional Ag substrate(SiO2/Ag), such hot-spots enriched 3D nanostructure showed extremely high electromag-netic field enhancement under incident light irradiation which could be used as a sensitive chemical sensor based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed nanostructure showed superior SERS performance in terms of Raman signal reproducibility and sensitivity for the probe molecules. 3D full-wave simulation showed that the enhanced SERS performance in this 3D hierarchical plasmonic nanostructure was mainly obtained from the hot-spots between Ag NPs and the near-field coupling between Ag NPs and GNF sca olds. This work can provide a novel assembled SERS substrate as a SERS-based chemical sensor in practical applications.  相似文献   

17.
Chemical doping is an effective method to intrinsically modify the chemical and electronic property of graphene. We propose a novel approach to synthesize the nitrogen-doped graphene via thermal annealing graphene with urea, in which the nitrogen source can be controllably released from the urea by varying the annealed temperature and time. The doped N content and the configuration N as well as the thermal stabilities are also evaluated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectra. Electrical measurements indi-cate that the conductivity of doped graphene can be well regulated with the N content. The method is expected to produce large scale and controllable N-doped graphene sheets for a variety of potential applications.  相似文献   

18.
    
Carbendazim sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity have become imperative for the welfare of the food industry, agriculture, aquaculture, and forestry. The design and development of sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity require deeper insights into the chemistry of nanomaterials. Driven by these needs, we intend to offer a concise discussion of diverse materials and various analytical techniques employed for carbendazim detection. This review focuses on interpreting the performance of well-recognized techniques integrated with keenly engineered nanomaterials, critical discussions on the drawbacks of the available sensors, and subsequent advances in nano-tailored materials. This review also provides constructive ideas for the requirement of maiden electrochemical and optical sensors, as well as existing challenges and future prospects.  相似文献   

19.
    
Gadolinium oxide - Graphene (Gd2O3-G) nanocomposites were prepared with different weight ratio of graphene using low temperature solution process. The structural, morphological, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman, FE-SEM, HRTEM, Cyclic voltammetric and photo-degradation analysis. The chemical composition of the composites was studied by elemental mapping analysis using EPMA. The binding states of various elements present in the composites were analyzed by XPS. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that the nanocomposite with 5% graphene exhibits the specific capacitance of 26 F g−1, which is higher than that of pure Gd2O3 (18 F g−1). The presence of graphene has greatly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of Gd2O3G composites as the rate of degradation of MB dye is relatively higher in the composites compared to pure Gd2O3. The significant increase in the specific capacitance and rate of degradation of dye suggest that the Gd2O3G is a promising material for energy storage and environmental applications.  相似文献   

20.
Lithiation of 3-methoxymethyl quinuclidine N-oxide occurs regioselectively to generate the 2-lithio 3-methoxymethyl derivative which can be trapped out with non-enolisable electrophiles to give 2,3-disubstituted quinuclidine N-oxide derivatives in good yield.  相似文献   

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