高温超导变压器绕组端部分磁环的优化设计与研究

本文采用有限元方法研究了低损耗分磁环对高温超导变压器绕组端部漏磁场分布、线圈所承受的电磁力以及高温超导线圈交流损耗的影响,并以高温超导线圈交流损耗最小和并联超导绕组间环流最小为目标,对分磁环的结构参数进行优化.结果表明,分磁环对提高高温超导变压器的性能有一定的作用.     

兆瓦级单边高温超导变压器设计及电磁特性分析

超导材料载流能力的提升及价格的下降,使得超导变压器在电力方面的应用具有广泛的前景.本文设计了一种三相1MVA级单边高温超导变压器并进行了电磁仿真计算.该变压器的铁芯为三柱式;高压绕组采用常规铜线材进行绕制,采用分段式结构;低压绕组使用铜包覆的第二代高温超导带材,由8饼线圈并联组成,并放置在装有液氮的复合玻璃钢杜瓦内.为了验证设计的合理性,使用有限元方法,对该变压器进行了数值分析,电磁仿真结果与设计值相符,对后续的经济实用型超导变压器制造具有指导意义.     

An Optimize Design of HTS Transformer :Multi-Width and Multi-Distance Structure北大核心CSCD

高温超导变压器由于具有体积小,交流损耗低等优点而在电网中占有非常重要的作用.本文设计了一种三相1 MVA容量的混合行高温超导变压器,为10 MVA大容量的高温超导变压器的设计提供技术经验.其中,高压绕组采用常规Cu导线;低压绕组采用YBCO第二代高温超导带材,由12个饼并联绕制而成.为了优化其结构,采用了有限元分析方法,在Opera-3D中建立了“磁-路”耦合模型并进行计算.计算结果表明,低压线圈中的电流分布不均匀,导致了材料的浪费并且可能造成线圈损坏.因此,我们采用复合带宽线圈替换相同带宽的线圈,即:12根带材的宽度与其承载的电流的大小成正比.结果给出了复合带宽线圈中每个饼的电流分布情况,表明复合带宽线圈可以应用于变压器中.同时,为了提高低压线圈中电流的均一性,我们提出了多间距结构,并且将实验电流与临界电流的比值定义为电流均一度.结果显示修改后的设计有更好的电流均一性.     

一种高温超导变压器的优化设计:复合带宽及多间距结构（英文）

高温超导变压器由于具有体积小,交流损耗低等优点而在电网中占有非常重要的作用.本文设计了一种三相1 MVA容量的混合行高温超导变压器,为10 MVA大容量的高温超导变压器的设计提供技术经验.其中,高压绕组采用常规Cu导线;低压绕组采用YBCO第二代高温超导带材,由12个饼并联绕制而成.为了优化其结构,采用了有限元分析方法,在Opera-3D中建立了"磁-路"耦合模型并进行计算.计算结果表明,低压线圈中的电流分布不均匀,导致了材料的浪费并且可能造成线圈损坏.因此,我们采用复合带宽线圈替换相同带宽的线圈,即:12根带材的宽度与其承载的电流的大小成正比.结果给出了复合带宽线圈中每个饼的电流分布情况,表明复合带宽线圈可以应用于变压器中.同时,为了提高低压线圈中电流的均一性,我们提出了多间距结构,并且将实验电流与临界电流的比值定义为电流均一度.结果显示修改后的设计有更好的电流均一性.     

高温超导变压器绕组的研究现状与设计技术展望

高温超导变压器是通过用高温超导带材取代铜导线绕制超导绕组,液氮取代变压器油作为冷却介质,超导绕组在液氮环境中运行,以达到提高能效并减少电力传输损失的变压器。针对高温超导变压器的绕组设计,从超导变压器的绕组材料、绕组结构、绕组布局三方面比较了近年内美、日、韩、中国等具有代表性的高温超导变压器绕组的研究现状,通过综合比较和分析国际上各种主流复合超导体的结构特征,设计方法等关键技术,提出了未来高温超导变压器的绕组设计需要以提高临界电流,减少绕组漏磁场尤其是其径向分量,以及降低交流损耗为目标。     

应用于高速轮轨交通的高温超导同步直线电机研究

为实现高速铁路列车突破600km/h的速度极限,本文提出了一种与现有轮轨交通兼容的高温超导同步直线电机方案,并通过有限元方法建立了高温超导同步直线电机的仿真模型.设计并制作了小型实验样机,其定子由三相铜绕组与硅钢材质的铁轭构成,使用二代高温超导材料YBCO带材绕制车载磁体.通过实验方法验证了模型的有效性,并用该模型研究了高温超导线圈回路电流、线圈匝数和气隙对电机推进力和法向力等电磁力特性的影响规律.本文的研究结果为高温超导同步直线电机在轮轨交通领域中的应用提供了可行性依据.     

高温超导脉冲变压器线圈结构参数影响分析

用于脉冲功率电源的高温超导脉冲变压器,集超导储能与脉冲放电为一体,在脉冲功率技术中有着良好的发展前景。设置合理的线圈结构参数可以提升高温超导脉冲功率变压器的耦合系数和储能容量,满足脉冲功率电源小型化、轻量化的优化目标。本文利用有限元仿真软件Anysys EM,建立了同轴饼式线圈叠加结构的单模块变压器模型和环形结构的多模块变压器模型,根据磁场分布和后期计算,分析了结构参数对脉冲变压器耦合系数和原边超导线圈的储能的影响。仿真分析结果表明,在77 K时,采用相同用线量的情况下,单模块高温超导脉冲变压器耦合系数和原边电感线圈的储能随线圈高度减小逐渐增大;多模块高温超导脉冲变压器减小线圈高度、增大内半径能够获得较高的性能,为超导脉冲变压器的脉冲电源实验验证提供了一定的参考依据。     

5 kVA高温超导变压器双饼线圈不同有限元模型对比分析

本文基于5 kVA 高温超导变压器的高压绕组双饼线圈, 运用有限元软件, 完成了均质化建模. 相比于全模型, 采用均质化模型不仅不影响计算精度, 而且大大减少了计算时间, 同时能够快速有效地计算出双饼线圈的磁场分布、 电流密度分布以及线圈交流损耗. 为了验证双饼线圈有限元计算模型的正确性, 本文进行了 H 方程全模型、H 方程均质化模型、T-A 方程全模型及T-A 方程均质化模型下的对比仿真分析. 仿真结果的一致性表明了双饼线圈有限元计算模型的正确性. 本文为后续基于T-A 方程下高温超导变压器均质化模型的研究提供了参考.     

小型YBCO超导脉冲变压器线圈结构优化设计

超导脉冲变压器在电感储能的脉冲功率电源技术中具有非常大的应用潜力.设计合理的线圈结构参数,可以减小脉冲功率电源系统的体积和成本.本文基于YBCO超导带材的临界特性,探讨了高温超导线圈的临界电流计算方法,以饼式线圈叠加形式为超导脉冲变压器的基本结构,通过有限元仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell建模分析了结构参数对脉冲变压器中超导线圈的最大磁场、临界电流密度、储能和变压器耦合系数的影响.通过结果分析,确定了能够实现较大储能和较高耦合系数要求的结构参数范围,最后综合脉冲功率电源的要求选择了一个小型高温超导脉冲变压器的结构参数.     

用于脉冲电源的高温超导脉冲变压器模型及其参数影响分析

高温超导脉冲变压器用于能量存储以及电流脉冲放大,是电感储能型脉冲电源的重要设备。为了合理地设计高温超导脉冲变压器线圈的几何参数,满足脉冲功率系统体积小型化和储能密集化的发展趋势,本文选择了同轴饼式线圈叠加结构的脉冲变压器模型,利用有限元仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell进行建模仿真,分析了几何参数对高温超导脉冲变压器原边超导线圈的临界电流密度、储能容量、线圈中超导带材的受力以及变压器耦合系数的影响。通过对仿真结果的综合分析,得出原边超导线圈的高厚比小于0.3时,小型高温超导脉冲变压器可以获得较高的性能,为脉冲功率技术的基础性实验验证研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

Investigation of Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting tape as the material for gradient coil in MRI

The use of Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting (HTS) tape as a material for gradient coils in MRI is evaluated in this paper. Bi-2223 tapes have a very high critical current and a very low power loss. A HTS tape gradient coil is expected to provide much higher gradient strength and generate much lower heating than a copper coil. Measurements of the AC power loss of Bi-2223 tapes at typical operating frequencies for gradient coils are presented. The degradation of the critical current and its effect on the increase of AC power loss is analyzed. Practical technical issues such as resistance, gradient strength and mechanical performance are also discussed. A prototype Bi-2223 HTS tape gradient coil is evaluated to verify the concept.     

Fast Optimization of a Biplanar Gradient Coil Set

This work presents an approach for fast optimization of gradient coils, using the simulated annealing method. The shielding condition derived from a target field method and the analytical evaluation of the fields produced by simple geometries were used to reduce the computing time. This method is applied to the optimization of a shielded biplanar gradient coil set. Efficiency, inductance, and homogeneity of the gradient fields produced by the optimized geometries were studied as a function of the number of wires, for the longitudinal and transverse gradient coils. A prototype of the gradient set was made to test the proposed design method. The resulting experimental values of coil efficiency, inductance, field linearity, and shielding performance exhibit good agreement between theory and experiment.     

Design of small-scale gradient coils in magnetic resonance imaging by using the topology optimization method

A topology optimization method based on the solid isotropic material with penalization interpolation scheme is utilized for designing gradient coils for use in magnetic resonance microscopy. Unlike the popular stream function method, the proposed method has design variables that are the distribution of conductive material. A voltage-driven transverse gradient coil is proposed to be used as micro-scale magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) gradient coils, thus avoiding introducing a coil-winding pattern and simplifying the coil configuration. The proposed method avoids post-processing errors that occur when the continuous current density is approximated by discrete wires in the stream function approach. The feasibility and accuracy of the method are verified through designing the z-gradient and y-gradient coils on a cylindrical surface.Numerical design results show that the proposed method can provide a new coil layout in a compact design space.     

舰船电力系统用1MJ高温超导环型储能磁体的设计研究

介绍了舰船电力系统用 1MJ环型高温超导储能磁体的设计优化步骤 ,进行了环型磁体线圈最大磁场的优化、环型磁体单元尺寸的优化和环型磁体单元数目的优化 ,并得出了合适的磁体线圈尺寸。磁体线圈上的最大磁感应强度为 3-4 T,单元数目较大的环型磁体适用于 1MJHTS- SMES     

Bi-2223／Ag超导闭合线圈的制备及其电流衰减特性的研究

本文研究了使用Bi-2223／Ag超导带材制备超导闭合线圈的工艺及超导闭合线圈中电流衰减的特性．在闭合线圈焊接点的制作上，分别采用了超导焊接和普通焊锡焊接两种不同方法．通过测量闭合线圈中心点的磁场衰减过程，观察了这两种闭合线圈中电流衰减的特性．实验发现，使用超导焊接技术制备的闭合线圈，电流衰减与时间的自然对数成线性关系，在线圈局部受损伤的情况下，上述关系仍然成立；使用普通焊锡焊接方法制备的闭合线圈，电流衰减不存在上述关系，但也不是时间的e指数函数．     

YBCO线圈在低温下的温度仿真分析

近几年,高温超导线材的制造技术已日趋成熟。作为第二代高温超导带材的代表,YBCO在低温下具有的优点使其在超导磁体领域的应用越来越突出。但是在高温超导磁体的运行中会因为受到扰动而失超。为了探讨这个问题,模拟了一个磁体在低温下(20K左右)有加热点扰动时的稳定性情况,即对YBCO线圈在低温下的工作情况进行了模拟仿真。文中根据实验设计的YBCO单饼线圈参数,利用热传导方程和基本电路方程,采用有限元计算方法,模拟出线圈内部的温度分布。分析仿真结果可以为后续实验设计提供参考。     

Actively shielded multi-layer gradient coil designs with improved cooling properties

In standard cylindrical gradient coils consisting of a single layer of wires, a limiting factor in achieving very large magnetic field gradients is the rapid increase in coil resistance with efficiency. This is a particular problem in small-bore scanners, such as those used for MR microscopy. By adopting a multi-layer design in which the coil wires are allowed to spread out into multiple layers wound at increasing radii, a more favourable scaling of resistance with efficiency is achieved, thus allowing the design of more powerful gradient coils with acceptable resistance values. Previously this approach has been applied to the design of unshielded, longitudinal, and transverse gradient coils. Here, the multi-layer approach has been extended to allow the design of actively shielded multi-layer gradient coils, and also to produce coils exhibiting enhanced cooling characteristics. An iterative approach to modelling the steady-state temperature distribution within the coil has also been developed. Results indicate that a good level of screening can be achieved in multi-layer coils, that small versions of such coils can yield higher efficiencies at fixed resistance than conventional two-layer (primary and screen) coils, and that performance improves as the number of layers of increases. Simulations show that by optimising multi-layer coils for cooling it is possible to achieve significantly higher gradient strengths at a fixed maximum operating temperature. A four-layer coil of 8 mm inner diameter has been constructed and used to test the steady-state temperature model.     

Multilayer Gradient Coil Design

In standard cylindrical gradient coils consisting of wires wound in a single layer, the rapid increase in coil resistance with efficiency is the limiting factor in achieving very large magnetic field gradients. This behavior results from the decrease in the maximum usable wire diameter as the number of turns is increased. By adopting a multilayer design in which the coil wires are allowed to spread out into multiple layers wound at increasing radii, a more favorable scaling of resistance with efficiency is achieved, thus allowing the design of more powerful gradient coils with acceptable resistance values. By extending the theory used to design standard cylindrical gradient coils, we have developed mathematical expressions which allow the design of multilayer coils, and the evaluation of their performance. These expressions have been used to design a four-layer,z-gradient coil of 8 mm inner diameter, which has an efficiency of 1.73 Tm⁻¹A⁻¹, a resistance of 1.8 Ω, and an inductance of 50 μH. This coil produces a gradient which deviates from linearity by less than 5% within a central cylindrical region of 4.5 mm length and 4.5 mm diameter. A coil has been constructed from this design and tested in simple imaging and pulsed gradient spin echo experiments. The resulting data verify the predicted coil performance, thus demonstrating the advantages of using multilayer coils for experiments requiring very large magnetic field gradients.     

国产MOCVD-YBCO带材高温超导线圈研制与磁场温度特性研究

超导磁体的场强与超导材料的载流能力、磁体口径和低温环境有密切关系.为了在中高温区域实现高磁场强度的超导磁体,采用国产第二代高温超导带材,成功绕制出内直径为100 mm的高温超导线圈.该超导线圈在77,65,55和46 K不同温区下进行了性能测试,其最大运行电流分别为65,147,257和338 A,对应的中心磁场强度分别为0.78,1.77,3.1和4.08 T.所研制的超导线圈的中平面上磁场基本一致.     

Plate form three-dimensional gradient coils for L-band ESR imaging experiment

A set of plate form three-dimensional magnetic gradient coils was developed and used in electron spin resonance imaging (ESRI) experiment. The coils were processed with whole copper plates instead of wound with copper wires, which made its structure so compact that it was much thinner and smaller comparing to those traditionally used in ESRI. The coil set had a pie-like appearance of which the total thickness was only 14 mm and the outer diameter was 250 mm. The efficiency of the coils could be greater than 10 mT/m/A when distance between the two side-pieces was 63 mm. A maximum gradient strength of more than 200 mT/m could be obtained with driving current of about 20 A in each dimension coil. The spatial linearity was better than 5% in all three dimensions within the available spatial linearity area of larger than a sphere of 40 mm in diameter. The stability of the gradients strength could reach the level of 10(-5). An imaging resolution of better than 1 mm could be achieved with the coil set. Some preliminary practical imaging results show that the developed gradient coil set is suitable for L-band ESRI experiment of biological samples or even in vivo small animals.