Axial Distributions of Fission Reaction Rates in the Annular Core of the ASTRA Critical Facility with Poison Profiling Elements in the Internal Reflector

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Computational modeling of experiments on measurement of axial distributions of fission reaction rates in configurations of the ASTRA critical facility simulating a HTGR...     

Isotopic Composition of Terrestrial Atmospheric Xenon and the Chain Reaction of Fission

From the comparison of terrestrial atmospheric Xe with the primordial Xe (solar, AVCC), a strange component with a fine structure at ¹³²Xe and ¹³¹Xe have been found. It was shown that the isotopic composition of this component can be explained neither by mass fractionation of primordial Xe, nor by an admixture of fission products of known nuclei. An analogous Xe was extracted at a low temperature from substances of the natural nuclear reactor, fine-grain samples from Colorado type deposits, ordinary pitchblendes and samples from the epicenter of a A-bomb explosion. It was proved that the strange Xe is a result of different migration rates of β-radioactive Xe precursors which are fission fragments. It is quite possible that the strange component of atmospheric Xe originated as a result of global neutron-induced fission processes during early stages of geological history of the Earth.     

Stopping, Trapping and Cooling of Radioactive Fission Fragments in an Ion Catcher Device

An ion catcher as presented in this contribution is able to create cooled and very clean singly-charged ion pulses out of a ‘hot’ beam within a very short period of time. Precision measurements on shortlived radioactive nuclides become possible. This contribution describes experiments with a ²⁵²Cf fission source at the ‘gas-cooler’ at ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerating System) at the Argonne National Laboratories (ANL), Argonne, USA[1]. The system consists of a gas-cell to stop and thermalize the ions, two extraction radio frequency quadrupole structures (RFQ) to separate the ions from the buffer gas and a buncher RFQ to cool and accumulate the ions. The system and its performance is investigated with two independent measurements. The transported activity was measured to determine the efficiency of the system and time of flight measurements (TOF) were performed to determine the transported masses with respect to the transported activity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

重核三裂变反应过程中的能量耗散

研究了15 MeV/u 197Au+197Au 体系三裂变反应过程中体系的集体运动动能、核-核相互作用势、集体运动总动能以及核子激发能的演化过程,并讨论了该反应过程的能量耗散问题。通过与两裂变时体系总动能ε_tot 和Θ_c.m.:关联图作对比,初步得出三裂变反应体系的第一次裂变是极端深度非弹性散射过程;进一步分析了三裂变与两裂变反应体系总动能与碰撞参数的关系,发现小碰撞参数下两裂变比三裂变反应耗散的能量多大约150 MeV,大碰撞参数下三裂变比两裂变反应多消耗300 MeV。We studied the evolution of the collective motion, interaction potential, the total kinetic and excitation energies in ternary ssions of 197Au +197Au system at 15 Mev/u, and discussed energy dissipation of this reaction. Through the comparison with energy-angle correlation data in binary ssions, we preliminarily concluded that the rst ssion of ternary ssion was an extreme deep-inelastic process. We further analyzed the correlation of the total kinetic energy with impact parameters in both binary and ternary reactions, and found that the total energy of binary reactions systems was lost about 150 MeV more than ternary ssion with small impact parameters, and with larger impact parameters the total energy of ternary reactions were lost 300 MeV more than binary reactions.     

25MeV/u 40Ar+209Bi裂变反应的断点激发能和裂变时标测量

对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+²⁰⁹Bi非完全熔合反应中形成的热核,测量了与裂变碎片相符合的α粒子能谱,用运动源模型分解α粒子能谱得到了裂变断前和断后发射α粒子多重性.由断后碎片发射α粒子多重性得到断点激发能约为172.5MeV.由断前α粒子多重性得到激发能在470—600MeV范围内的热核的裂变时标约为4×10^－21S.     

Fission Fragment Angular Correlation in the Reaction Induced by 84.0MeV 16O Bombarded 238U

Fission fragment angular distribution and angular correlation in the reaction induced by 84.0MeV ¹⁶O bombarded ²³⁸U have been measured by using two position-sensitive PPAC with large area.Transfer fission has been removed from total fission using fission fragment angular correlation technique.The contribution to the total fission cross section arising from transfer is about 10%.The anisotropy of fission fragment for transfer-fission is rather small,thus the removal of the transfer fission has little effect on the total fragment angular distribution.Indeed the anisotropy becomes larger by about 5% and anomalously anisotropies still persist.     

中子辐射俘获反应机制的质量能量相关性研究

对A?<10?0核质量区内的核素,研究中子辐射俘获反应中不同反应机制对辐射俘获截面的贡献随靶核质量数和中子入射能量变化的规律.所考虑的反应机制有复合核统计过程和复合核弹性散射道中的辐射俘获及形状弹性散射道中的直接–半直接辐射俘获两种非统计过程.在中子入射能量0.1—20MeV区间,给出了²⁷Al,⁴⁰Ca,⁶³Cu和⁹³Nb的理论计算结果及与实验数据的比较,并对呈现的变化规律进行了分析讨论     

Fission Time of the Reaction of 10.6MeV/u 84Kr(27Al,Quasi-fission)in Dynamical Model

The dynamical calculation of quasi-fission reaction induced by 10.6MeV/u ⁸⁴Kr on ²⁷Al is performed using one-body dissipation model.The calculation suggests a fission time larger than 200×10^－22 sec.It is found that the threshold for emergence of quasi-fission in the reactoin system is 8MeV/u.     

用动力学模型计算10.6MeV/u~(84)Kr(~(27)Al,准裂变)反应的裂变时间

用单体耗散模型对１０．６ＭｅＶ／ｕ８４Ｋｒ在２７Ａｌ上引起的准裂变反应进行了计算，结果表明该准裂变反应的准裂变时间大于２００×１０－２２ｓ．发现对本反应系统，准裂变的出现至少需要８ＭｅＶ／ｕ阈能     

25MeV/u 40)Ar+209Bi裂变反应研究

实验对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+²⁰⁹Bi体系的裂变反应,利用线性动量转移的分窗选择不同的激发能,研究裂变动能分布和质量分布与热核初始激发能的关系.实验证实激发能小于380MeV时裂变总动能分布与低激发能复合核相似.激发能大于380MeV时,最可几动能呈现出随激发增加而增加,并出现高能非对称性,而且质量分布宽度随激发能增加而迅速增大.     

质子交换膜燃料电池阴极电化学反应路径分析

质子交换膜燃料电池阴极电化学反应对其性能有至关重要的影响。论文基于二电子反应机理,模拟了质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧和质子电化学反应路径,分析了电化学反应过程中各个步骤能量变化规律和氢氧键形成机制。研究发现,氧分子还原过程中,4个质子逐个接近氧分子,形成氢氧键,最终生成2个水分子;第一个质子采用和氧分子氢氧键102°夹角的方向接近其中一个氧原子,形成第一个氢氧键;当第二个质子和另一个氧原子构成氢氧键时,需要很大的活化能,这是氧还原反应的控制步骤,生成中间产物过氧化氢。研究结果为理解质子交换膜燃料电池电化学反应原理,推动质子交换膜燃料电池的应用具有重要意义。     

F同位素的反应总截面测量和17F可能的质子皮结构

应用透射法对中能区F同位素与C靶的反应总截面进行了测量.发现¹⁷F的反应总截面比其邻近同位素的反应总截面稍有增强.用Glauber模型和BUU模型对F同位素进行了差异因子d的分析.¹⁷F的差异因子d比其附近同位素稍有增强.分析结果表明¹⁷F可能存在质子皮结构.     

Measurements of Reaction Cross Section for F Isotopes and Possible Proton Skin Structure for 17F

The reaction cross sections σ R of F isotopes on carbon target were measured at intermediate energies via the transmission method. It was found that the reaction cross section of ¹⁷F has a little enhancement compared with that of its neighbor isotopes. The difference factor d has been deduced from the measured σ R by using the BUU model and Glauber model. It is enhanced also for ¹⁷F compared with its neighbor isotopes. From the above analysis, a possible proton skin structure is suggested for ¹⁷F.     

Fission of muonic 232Th and 239Pu

The neutron emission is studied following the formation of muonic atoms of ²³²Th and ²³⁹Pu. Energy and time distributions are measured. Various processes which contribute to the measured spectra are considered. A collective resonance model of the muon capture is used to calculate the nuclear excitation function. The probability of the radiationless nuclear excitations and the influence of the presence of the bound atomic muon on the fission barrier are discussed. The existing data for the $\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{f}}$, are analysed. As a result of the analysis the rates of the prompt and delayed fission events (due to the radiationless mu-atomic transitions and the nuclear muon capture, respectively) are deduced from the experimental data to be 0.006/muon and 0.045/muon for ²³²Th and 0.10/muon and 0.49/muon for ²³⁹Pu, respectively. The increase of the fission barrier for muonic atoms is confirmed. The experimental neutron rates can be consistently explained only if it is assumed that in both nucleides the K_α radiationless transitions do not induce fission. The increase of the fission barrier for ²³⁹Pu is hence deduced to be not less than 1.2 MeV. The fate of the atomic muon after the nuclear fission is briefly discussed. Its influence on the interpretation of the present results is found to be small.     

微生物碳捕获电池阴极室CO2捕获速率的计算

本文对含有Botryococcus Braunii UTEX 572的微生物碳捕获电池阴极室内的光合有效辐射（Photosyntheticallyactive radiation,PAR）分布建立数学模型。采用离散坐标法（Discrete Ordinate Method,DOM）求解一维稳态辐射传递方程（Radiative transfer equation.RTE）,使用SMARTS（the Simple Model for Atmospheric Transmission of Sunshine）模式对边界条件进行计算。在所建模型基础上,对400～800 nm波长范围的阴极室内PAR分布情况进行计算,并结合Botry-ococcusBraunii UTEX 572的生长动力学对CO₂的局部吸收速率进行研究。同时对不同散射处理方法,气泡含量以及藻类浓度对CO₂捕获速率的影响进行对比,为改善光在微生物碳捕获燃料电池阴极室的分布和阴极室优化设计提供依据。     

Generalized von Smoluchowski Model of Reaction Rates,with Reacting Particles and a Mobile Trap

Journal of Statistical Physics - We study diffusion-limited coalescence, A+A?A, in one dimension, in the presence of a diffusing trap. The system may be regarded as a generalization of von...     

一维快装置中心反应率模拟计算的灵敏度和不确定度分析

采用广义微扰理论和离散纵标输运计算方法,推导了中心反应率比值对重要核反应参数的灵敏度的计算公式。以一维快基准装置Jezebel-Pu239为例,计算了其中心反应率比值对关键核数据的灵敏度,并结合多群协方差数据,分析了其中心反应率比值计算中由于核数据的不确定度所引入的不确定度及其来源。根据计算结果以及评价数据的协方差信息,建议对Pu-239的非弹截面数据进行更精细的评价,以期降低反应率比的模拟计算不确定度。On the base of the generalized perturbation theory and SN method, the theoretical model for calculating the sensitivity and uncertainty of reaction rates ratio (RRR) versus nuclear data is developed. Taking Jezebel-Pu239 critical benchmarking facility as an example, the sensitivity of F49/F25 ratio versus important nuclear data is calculated, as well as the uncertainty arising from the nuclear data. Basing on the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis as well as the covariance information of input evaluated data, refined evaluation of the inelastic data of Pu-239 is considered as a feasible measure to reduce the uncertainty of reaction rates ratios.     

Fission barriers and the inclusion of axial asymmetry

The nuclear potential-energy surface has been calculated on the basis of the modified-oscillator model with the inclusion of the degrees of freedom of axial asymmetry. For the heavier actinides the inner barrier is found to be reduced by up to one MeV. This is in agreement with the results obtained by Pashkevich. For superheavy elements a similar reduction is obtained.     

Cross Section Measurements of Neutron-Rich Hg Isotopes in Reaction of 28MeV/u 18O with Thick Natural Lead Target

By using 28MeV/u ¹⁸O beam,an on-line melting lead target equipment and 4π-ΔEβ-γcoincident technique,the relative cross section ratios and absolute cross sections of neutron-rich nuclides ^205—208Hg have been measured. The production cross section of ²⁰⁹Hg is extrapolated.The cross section of ²⁰⁷Hg produced by-2p +1n from target decreases suddenly,which may be explained by change of reaction Q value.