制备方法对负热膨胀性ZrW2O8粉体的颗粒大小以及负热膨胀性能影响的研究

采用共沉淀法、分步固相法和溶胶凝胶法制备负热膨胀性ZrW₂O₈粉体。以XRD、SEM和TEM对产物结构及形貌进行表征，以原位X射线衍射分析粉体的负热膨胀特性。结果表明3种方法所制备的粉体均为单一立方结构的α-ZrW₂O₈相，共沉淀法制备的粉体颗粒较大，平均尺寸约为2.5 μm × 3.0 μm，溶胶凝胶法制备的颗粒最小，平均尺寸达到100 nm。所得粉体均表现为较强的负热膨胀特性，当粉体粒径相差不大时，负热膨胀系数变化很小，当颗粒粒径降低到纳米级时，负热膨胀系数有减小的趋势。     

共沉淀法制备负热膨胀性ZrW_2O_8粉体及其粒径控制初探

随着材料科学的不断发展,对材料性能的要求也越来越苛刻,其中最普遍的问题就是热膨胀,研究开发低热膨胀材料和零膨胀材料可以大大提高材料的性能,扩展材料的应用范围。为适应各个领域对热膨胀材料的特殊要求,负热膨胀(Negative thermalexpansion,简称NTE)材料成为材料研究领域一个新的分支。其实负热膨胀现象早就被发现存在于某些材料中,如:钙钛矿铁电体PbTiO3、半导体材料Si、冰、石英、堇青石2MgO·2Al2O·35SiO2和沸石等[1],但是这些材料的负热膨胀温度范围比较窄,且为各向异性,因此在实际运用中存在许多困难。直至1995年,美国俄勒…     

酸蒸气水热前驱物热分解法制备立方ZrW2O8类型化合物

ZrW₂O₇(OH,Cl)₂·2H₂O and its isomorphs were prepared by Acidic Steam Hydrothermal (ASH) method and the pure cubic ZrW₂O₈ was synthesized by dehydration of ZrW₂O₇(OH,Cl)₂·2H₂O. The control factors of ASH method, such as the type, concentration and volume of the acidic steam source, temperature and time of the reaction, were studied in detail. The results showed that HCl was a better volatile acidic steam source and the concentration of HCl determined the product. At lower concentration of HCl, the main product was Na₂W₂O₇·H₂O rather than ZrW₂O₇(OH,Cl)₂·2H₂O. When the concentration was higher than 6 mol·L^-1, the products in turn became sodium tungstates with the structure types of pyrochlore, hexagonal tungsten bronze and finally were transformed to ZrW₂O₇(OH,Cl)₂·2H₂O precursors.     

共沉淀法制备的CuGa2O4及其气敏性能

采用共沉淀法制备了CuGa_2O_4粉体,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对CuGa_2O_4粉体进行了表征。研究了热处理温度和pH对CuGa_2O_4粉体气敏性能的影响,实验结果表明热处理温度为800℃,pH=6.00(热处理4h)条件下制备出的CuGa_2O_4粉体,在室温下(18±2)℃对三甲胺(TMA)具有较好的气敏选择性和较高灵敏度,对1 000μL·L~(-1)的TMA的灵敏度达到310.1,响应和恢复时间分别约为590和80 s,对1μL·L~(-1)的TMA的灵敏度可达到1.3。     

WS2/CuGa2O4复合材料的制备及其气敏性

采用共沉淀法制备了CuGa₂O₄纳米材料,并利用水热法制备了一系列WS₂/CuGa₂O₄复合材料。结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对制备的材料进行了物相组成、表面形貌以及元素价态的分析。研究了WS₂的复合量对 CuGa₂O₄材料检测乙醇气体敏感性能的影响。实验结果表明,当 WS₂与 CuGa₂O₄质量比为 1%时,该复合材料制备的传感器在室温下对 100 μL·L^-1乙醇气体表现出 345.3 的灵敏度,响应时间和恢复时间分别为 184 和 69 s,且最低检测限为 0.1μL·L^-1。     

不同形貌ZrWMoO8粉体的制备、表征及其负热膨胀特性

采用水合前驱物分解的方法, 以钨酸铵、钼酸铵及硝酸氧锆为原料制备了不同形貌的ZrWMoO8粉体. 对其前驱体进行了热重-差热分析(TG-DSC), 并以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)等手段考察了不同胶凝剂(HCl, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4及H3PO4)对产物结构和形貌的影响. 结果表明, 胶凝剂的选择对ZrWMoO8粉体的形貌有较大影响. 在100—700 ℃范围内, 以HCl为胶凝剂制备出来的立方相ZrWMoO8粉体的热膨胀系数为-3.84×10-6 K-1.     

草酸盐共沉淀法制备Y1.84La0.16O3纳米粉体

Nanopowder of Y_1.84La_0.16O₃ was prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method. The powder was characterized by TG-DTA, XRD and TEM. The results show that the precursor is Re₂(NO₃)₂(C₂O₄)₂·2H₂O (Re=Y, La), and the Y_1.84La_0.16O₃ nanopowders produced by calcining the precursor at 1 000 ℃ for 4 h are 20～40 nm spherical particles and well dispersed. The powders were with high sintering activity and could be fabricated to transparent ceramic without additive at 1 450～1 550 ℃ in H₂ atmosphere for 3 hours. The total transmission of the transparent ceramic could reach 80%.     

共沉淀法制备LiMnxCoyO2的显微结构及其电化学性能

通过共沉淀法制备前驱体,随后在900 ℃下经不同时长烧结得到了层状LiMn_xCo_yO₂。X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜的研究结果表明,层状LiMn_xCo_yO₂的晶体结构是菱面体点阵,空间群是R3m,点阵常数与LiCoO₂非常接近。不同烧结时长下得到的样品在扫描电镜下均呈球状,随着烧结时间延长,球形规整度变得更好。对不同样品的电化学性能测试表明,烧结时间越长,样品中Mn的相对含量越高,其首次充放电比容量和循环性能越好。     

微乳液法制备Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂及其异构化性能

采用微乳液法负载Pt制备了Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3(Pt-SZA-M)固体超强酸催化剂, 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 对比了微乳液法和浸渍法负载Pt制备的催化剂(Pt-SZA)的异构化性能, 并采用XRD, FTIR, BET, TG-DTA, TPR和TEM对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂中Pt粒子的粒径更小(4.5 nm)且尺寸更均一; Pt-SZA-M催化剂的比表面积(109.6 m2/g)比Pt-SZA催化剂(95.0 m2/g)增加了15.4%. Pt-SZA-M催化剂的初始还原温度比Pt-SZA催化剂降低了10~20℃, 表明微乳液法负载Pt可以提高催化剂的氧化活性, 提高氢分子在催化剂上的吸附解离能力. 异构化活性实验结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂的低温活性得到明显改善, 在反应压力为2.0 MPa、 氢烃摩尔比为4: 1、 质量空速为1.0 h-1的条件下, Pt-SZA-M催化剂在反应温度为230℃时活性达到60.8%, 在100 h内异戊烷的收率可稳定在58.0%左右, 选择性在95.0%以上.     

共沉淀法和模板法制备均匀负载CeO2/ SiO2的研究

CeO2是三效催化剂(简称TWC)中被广泛应用的涂层材料[1],其优良的储放氧能力(OSC)可以扩大TWC的工作窗口,并可以在与γ-Al2O3的相互作用中提高Al2O3的高温稳定性[2]。在高温下,CeO2会因晶粒迅速长大而失去储放氧能力。为了提高CeO2的高温抗烧结能力,以及进一步提高其氧化还原能力,大部分研究者选择了在CeO2晶格中掺入其他离子的方法,如:Zr4 、Pr3 、La3 等[3￣5],这些离子在CeO2晶格中引入了晶格缺陷,不但稳定了结构,而且提高了氧传输能力。SiO2具有很高的化学稳定性、高比表面及高热稳定性,是载体的理想选择。研究表明,CeO2负载…     

Correlation between optical constants and crystal chemical parameters of ZrW2O8

The refractive indices of ZrW₂O₈, measured at wavelengths of 435.8-643.8 nm, were used to calculate n_D at λ=589.3 nm and n_∞ at λ=∞ from a one-term Sellmeier equation. Refractive indices, n_D and dispersion values, A, are, respectively, 1.8794 and 114×10⁻¹⁶ m². The high dispersion, relative to other molybdates, tungstates and Zr-containing compounds, is attributed to the low value of E_o=7.7 eV and mean cation coordination number. Total electronic polarizabilities, α_total, were calculated from n_∞ and the Lorenz-Lorentz equation. The unusually large difference between the observed polarizability of 20.087 Å³ and the calculated total polarizability α_T of 17.59 Å³ (Δ=+12.4%) is attributed to (1) a large M-O-W angle, (2) a high degree of W 5d-O_(terminal) 2p and Zr nd-O 2p hybridization, and (3) unusually high oxygen displacement factors, B(O), normalized to B(W).     

Phase transition behavior for ZrW2−xMoxO8 compositions at elevated temperatures

A systematical study on cubic ZrW_2−xMo_xO₈ (x=0.73, 0.53, 0.33, 0.11) solid solutions reveals that their temperature-dependent phase transition behaviors are related to the Mo fraction x. A phase diagram of cubic ZrW_2−xMo_xO₈ solid solutions has been drawn over a wide temperature range (298–1473 K) on the basis of the temperature-dependent phase transition behaviors observed.     

MgFe2O4纳米粉体的水热合成及其表征(英)

MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were hydrothermally synthesized at 150 ℃ using iron nitrate [Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O], magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as starting materials by carefully controlling the reaction conditions. The influences of several factors such as presence or absence of Na⁺, molar ratio of Fe³⁺ / Mg²⁺, concentration of mental ions, temperature and reaction time on resultant products were investigated in the hydrothermal process. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its magnetic properties were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).     

Cr2(WO4)3和Cr2(MoO4)3的负热膨胀特性研究

用液相反应-前驱物烧结法制备了Cr₂(WO₄)₃和Cr₂(MoO₄)₃粉体。298～1 073 K的原位粉末X射线衍射数据表明Cr₂(WO₄)₃和Cr₂(MoO₄)₃的晶胞体积随温度的升高而增大, 本征线热膨胀系数分别为(1.274±0.003)×10^-6 K^-1和(1.612±0.003)×10^-6 K^-1。用热膨胀仪研究了Cr₂(WO₄)₃和Cr₂(MoO₄)₃在静态空气中298～1 073 K范围内热膨胀行为，即开始表现为正热膨胀，随后在相转变点达到最大值，最后表现为负热膨胀，其负热膨胀系数分别为(-7.033±0.014)×10^-6 K^-1和(-9.282±0.019)×10^-6 K^-1。     

Ti∶Al2O3纳米粉体的共沉淀法合成及表征

本文采用共沉淀法合成了Ti∶Al2O3纳米粉体。利用热重/差热(TG/DTA)/X射线衍射(XRD)/红外光谱(FTIR)/扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)等分析方法对合成的Ti∶Al2O3纳米粉体进行了表征。结果分析表明:前驱体在1200℃下,保温1 h可以得到纯的α-Al2O3晶相;粉体的粒径均匀、分散性好,平均粒径在25~50 nm之间。     

Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of new vanadate PbCo2V2O8

A new vanadate PbCo₂V₂O₈ was obtained through the study of PbO-CoO-V₂O₅ ternary system. The crystal structure was determined by Rietveld method, indicating that PbCo₂V₂O₈ has a tetragonal structure of space group I41cd with a spiral chain along the c-axis. Magnetic properties of the titled compound were investigated by means of susceptibility, magnetization, and heat capacity measurements. The results show that PbCo₂V₂O₈ is a quasi-one-dimensional canted antiferromagnet with Neel temperature of ∼4 K, being consistent with its crystal structure.     

LiV3O8的合成及其电化学性能研究

The layered trivanadate, LiV₃O₈, was prepared by sol-gel method with LiOH, V₂O₅ and H₂O₂ as initial reagents. The materials at different heat treatment conditions were characterized by XRD and TG-DTA. Their electrochemical behaviors were studied by galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that LiV₃O₈ prepared by sintering at 300 ℃ for 16 h has higher capacity, and its initial discharge capacity is 333.1 mAh·g^-1, and maintains a discharge capacity of 302.8 mAh·g^-1 after 10 cycles at 0.2 C and the voltage range of 1.8～4.0 V.