非光滑叶片对轴流风扇气动性能的影响

在低速轴流风扇实验台上,通过对比测量光滑转子叶片、两种表面具有流向沟槽的非光滑转子叶片风扇的气动性能,研究了叶片沟槽面对风扇气动性能的影响.结果表明:(1)在设计状态和小流量状态,采用微槽型非光滑叶片能提高该风扇的流量、降低总压损失和提高风扇总压升;(2)在近失速状态,非光滑叶片使风扇性能下降;(3)非光滑叶片对风扇性能的影响在很大程度上取决于非光滑叶片的沟槽尺寸.     

变循环核心压气机可调特性的数值研究

利用三维数值工具对某变循环核心压机在设计转速下内、外涵节流特性进行了模拟,分析了核心机驱动风扇级、高压压气机以及二级涵道的工作特点和匹配关系,分析了变循环核心压气机的可调极限。研究结果表明,外涵道节流可以实现涵道比的大范围调节(0.243~0.062),内涵道节流可以实现总增压比的大范围调节(0.81~1.13倍设计压比)。二级涵道出口导向叶片的失速和核心机驱动风扇级的堵塞决定了外涵道节流的可调极限,高压压气机的失速和堵塞决定了内涵道节流的可调极限。     

低温氦气离心风机气动设计及变工况性能预测

低温氦气离心风机是超导磁体循环预冷系统的关键驱动设备,其性能优劣直接影响整个预冷系统的性能。本文按真实气体模型计算气体的热物性,自主开发了离心压缩机初步气动设计和变工况性能预测程序,对以低温氦气为工质的离心风机进行初步设计和变工况性能预测。基于三维流场数值仿真分析验证该低温离心风机内部流动情况和级性能。结果显示：低温氦气离心风机在各工况下都有良好的气动性能,本文所建立的气动设计及性能预测方法准确可靠,可用于磁体循环预冷系统低温氦气离心风机的初步设计与性能评估。     

跨声速风扇流场中弯叶片抗畸变能力研究

采用全流道三维非定常数值模拟的方法研究了进口总压畸变条件下静叶弯叶片对跨声速风扇流场的影响,给出了静叶弯曲对风扇流场的改善情况.重点分析了不同叶高处动静叶流场的变化情况.     

风扇/增压级非设计工况特性分析

本文对某涡扇发动机风扇-外涵道-内涵道整体进行三维定常数值模拟,对内外涵道在设计转速下的流量特性和非设计工况下的气动性能进行了分析。得到内外涵道的稳定工作区域以及在内外涵道堵塞和近失速点的流场信息,为风扇／增压级整体结构的性能评估和优化设计提供了一定的依据。     

收缩段对燃气轮机排气蜗壳性能影响的数值研究

燃气轮机排气蜗壳与试验风洞匹配需增设收缩段部件,本文采用数值方法研究了收缩段对排气蜗壳内部流场和性能的影响。通过仿真软件CFX计算了有无收缩段及整流锥的两种排气蜗壳流场,分析了各截面上总压损失系数及流线分布规律。结果表明在蜗壳进口前增设收缩段与整流锥对排气蜗壳气动性能无显著影响,可通过试验获得排气蜗壳相应气动性能参数。     

大折转角弯扭静叶对跨声速压气机出口流场影响的实验研究

以某小型涡扇发动机的进口跨声速风扇级为研究对象,采用单排大折转角弯扭静叶替代原型风扇级中的串列静叶,实验详细测量了风扇原型级和改型级(即弯扭叶片级)全工况持性下进出口的压力场和温度场分布。通过对比分析风扇级出口流场的总压分布,从流动机理上详细探讨了大折转角弯扭静叶对跨声速风扇级三维流场的改善和控制机理。结果表明:大折转角弯扭静叶比串列静叶具有更优的压力场控制能力,能有效控制高负荷跨声速压气机中的高能势流分布和端壁二次流损失,而且具有优良的变工况性能。     

超低温离心式冷压缩机通流部分设计与分析

冷压缩机设计目标总压比为15,设计为三级串联运行,设计压比分别为3.2,2.5,1.875,压缩工质为超低温负压氦气。通过气动计算与模拟优化,得到了合理的三级冷压缩机各级转速与各项几何参数。通过CFD模拟计算,得到了三级冷压缩机在设计工况下的流量、压比和等熵效率值。并以第一级为例,对压缩机内部模拟流场进行了分析,表明设计冷压缩机内部流场压力分布均匀,没有出现较大的流动分离与激波。通过对各级冷压缩机选取大量工况点进行模拟计算,得到了各级的预估工作性能曲线。结果表明,各级的设计都满足流量范围随级数增加而增大的要求,且各级目标工况处都在该级的高效区范围内,能够满足设计目标。     

射流压力和高度对环量控制涡轮叶栅性能影响

采用商业软件ANSYS CFX针对将柯恩达效应应用于燃机涡轮的可行性进行了探索,得到了不同射流总压和射流口高度时的环量控制叶型涡轮叶栅的二维流场和气动性能。结果表明:环量控制涡轮叶栅在射流总压不太高的条件下,就能够达到并超过原型叶栅的性能水平,射流总压的变化直接影响叶栅性能;射流口高度对叶栅性能的影响主要体现在其对射流速度的影响,在射流口较小时比较明显。     

某跨音风扇转子全三维设计与数值模拟

本文采用与三维流场分析程序相匹配的任意叶轮机通用叶片造型程序,进行某单级高通流、跨音、宽弦长风扇转子设计。在设计过程中,通过调整转子进口流量、出口总压、叶片最大相对厚度和前后缘厚度等参数沿径向的分布,弯度和最大弯度位置沿弦向的分布,从设计上减弱了叶片上部的激波强度、降低了激波及其关联的损失,克服了该转子叶尖高相对马赫数和低损失、高效率的矛盾。最终获得满足气动性能和结构强度的风扇转子.     

An evaluation of methods to predict the system effect present in air-cooled heat exchangers

The system effect resulting from the interaction of flow resistances immediately upstream and downstream of an axial flow fan installation type A [1] is evaluated. The diameter of the fan inlet shroud or casing investigated is 1542 mm. An inlet grid is located at a fixed distance upstream of the fan rotor. A simulated fan support structure and walkway is installed at various distances downstream of the rotor. Additional tests, where the walkway is removed, are conducted to investigate the interaction between the support beams and the walkway. Three alternative methods to predict the total pressure loss coefficients are evaluated. Of these, the experimental evaluation of the system performance characteristics is found to be the most reliable. Other experimental and theoretical methods generally fail to account for either the system effect or the effect of a change in distance between the rotor and the flow resistance.     

带有进气箱的轴流风机性能变化数值分析

本文对带有和没有进气箱的轴流风机进行了多个工况的整机三维流场分析,着重分析了进气箱内部的流动和出口速度的分布对风机性能的影响.计算结果表明,在符合良好流场设计原则的进气箱内部出现了明显的流动分离,该分离导致的进气箱出口速度不均匀分布引起了轴流风机的效率明显下降,但是出口压力却略有上升的效果.分析结果表明该进气箱需要进行进一步改进.该分析对类似进气箱的设计也有一定的参考价值.     

扩压器几何参数对离心风机噪声的影响

本文试验研究了扩压器几何参数对一高速离心风机的噪声的影响。扩压器的几何参数包括叶片数、叶轮与扩压器的径向间隙和倾斜前缘倾角以及它们的耦合作用对风机噪声的影响。试验结果表明:(1)风机A声级噪声随扩压器叶片数增加而下降,但气动性能也随之下降;(2)扩压器前缘半径从R_3/R_2=1.03增加到1.07,在设计点风机A声级噪声降了约3 dB(A),继续增大至1.09则基本不变;(3)适当倾斜扩压器前缘可有效降低风机噪声,在设计点30°倾角扩压器相应的风机A声级噪声下降了约3.6 dB(A);(4)倾斜扩压器前缘与增大径向间隙的降噪效果不能叠加。     

风机封闭系统内噪声模拟分析

风机系统工作时的一个突出问题是其进风口和出风口产生的噪声。由于风机流场非常复杂,以及实验成本、实验条件限制,基于计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD）的理论逐渐成为风机噪声估计的重要方法。本文拟通过对由风机及其冷却系统构成的封闭系统进行数值建模和仿真,判断出风机主要气动噪声源的位置和种类,为处于封闭系统内的风机的噪声大小预测,提供一个可供参考的信息。结果表明：风机出口腔体内部非定常压力波动强度最大。     

双涵道叶轮机S2流面反问题计算方法

在双涵道叶轮机风扇和压气机的设计中,本文将风扇及内外涵叶片的S2流面反问题统一起来,而成为一个统一的双涵道叶轮机S2流面反问题.在分涵处,采用一列重叠网格,用来传递分涵处上游和下游的流场信息,分流机匣最前面的点既是内涵的计算点,又是外涵的计算点,以该点的压力值作为收敛的判断依据,通过改变分流比,使计算得到的两个压力值相等,分流机匣前的流线平滑,从而得到合适的流场.本方法适用于较复杂的双涵道叶轮机设计,风扇和内外涵叶片排数理论上都不受限制.     

超临界CO2布雷登循环热电联供系统多目标优化

本文研究了以超临界CO₂布雷登循环为原动机的热电联供系统,对系统主要运行参数进行了分析,得到运行参数对于系统热力学性能和经济性能的影响规律。同时,以一次能源利用率和单位输出成本作为目标函数,采用多目标遗传算法对系统进行了优化;在优化结果的基础上,通过TOPSIS法决策出最优解,并与单目标最优解进行对比。结果表明,透平进口温度、透平进口压力和压缩机进口温度的增大有利于系统效率的提高;作为代价,成本也相应增加。在热电比0~4范围内,尽可能增大热电比能够最大程度上降低系统的单位输出成本,提高能源的利用率。     

放气槽布局形式及开槽角度对二元高超声速进气道性能的影响

通过对典型二元高超声速进气道进行数值仿真,研究了放气槽的布局形式以及放气槽的开槽角度θ对进气道总体性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:在放气总有效流通面积不变的前提下,多个放气槽的布局形式能够以更少的流量损失换取总压恢复系数的显著提升,且槽的数量越多,单个槽的有效流通面积越小,σ提升得越多,但当单个槽的有效流通面积d小于0.4H_th（按喉道高度无量纲化）时,这种变化趋势趋于平缓。当开槽角θ介于30°~120°时,放气量流量比随角度的增加而降低;当120°≤θ≤150°时,放气流量比随θ的增加而增加;30°≤θ≤150°时,喉道总压恢复系数σ随θ的增加而降低,而喉道压比Π随θ的增加而单调增加。因此采用多个0.2H_th~0.4H_th有效流通面积的放气槽为较理想的放气布局形式,而开槽角度可根据实际需要来选取。      

翅片管气化器管内相变传热流动数值模拟

采用Fluent多相流混合物模型,通过用户自定义程序(UDF)实现了液氮相变模拟,模拟了不同进口流速对翅片管气化器管内流体换热量、压力降、含气率及汽化体积的影响,并分析了各参数随进口流速改变而变化的原因。由数值模拟可知,翅片管内流体进出口焓差、含气率及单位质量汽化体积随进口流速的增加而减少,而压力降和总换热量随进口流速的增加而增大,其中压力降增大的主要原因是由加速压降引起。     

Application of frequency-domain linearized Euler solutions to the prediction of aft fan tones and comparison with experimental measurements on model scale turbofan exhaust nozzles

Although it is widely accepted that aircraft noise needs to be further reduced, there is an equally important, on-going requirement to accurately predict the strengths of all the different aircraft noise sources, not only to ensure that a new aircraft is certifiable and can meet the ever more stringent local airport noise rules but also to prioritize and apply appropriate noise source reduction technologies at the design stage. As the bypass ratio of aircraft engines is increased - in order to reduce fuel consumption, emissions and jet mixing noise - the fan noise that radiates from the bypass exhaust nozzle is becoming one of the loudest engine sources, despite the large areas of acoustically absorptive treatment in the bypass duct. This paper addresses this ‘aft fan’ noise source, in particular the prediction of the propagation of fan noise through the bypass exhaust nozzle/jet exhaust flow and radiation out to the far-field observer. The proposed prediction method is equally applicable to fan tone and fan broadband noise (and also turbine and core noise) but here the method is validated with measured test data using simulated fan tones. The measured data had been previously acquired on two model scale turbofan engine exhausts with bypass and heated core flows typical of those found in a modern high bypass engine, but under static conditions (i.e. no flight simulation). The prediction method is based on frequency-domain solutions of the linearized Euler equations in conjunction with perfectly matched layer equations at the inlet and far-field boundaries using high-order finite differences. The discrete system of equations is inverted by the parallel sparse solver MUMPS. Far-field predictions are carried out by integrating Kirchhoff's formula in frequency domain. In addition to the acoustic modes excited and radiated, some non-acoustic waves within the cold stream-ambient shear layer are also captured by the computations at some flow and excitation frequencies. By extracting phase speed information from the near-field pressure solution, these non-acoustic waves are shown to be convective Kelvin-Helmholtz instability waves. Strouhal numbers computed along the shear layer, based on the local momentum thickness also confirm this in accordance with Michalke's instability criterion for incompressible round jets with a similar shear layer profile. Comparisons of the computed far-field results with the measured acoustic data reveal that, in general, the solver predicts the peak sound levels well when the farfield is dominated by the in-duct target mode (the target mode being the one specified to the in-duct mode generator). Calculations also show that the agreement can be considerably improved when the non-target modes are also included, despite their low in-duct levels. This is due to the fact that each duct mode has its own distinct directionality and a non-target low level mode may become dominant at angles where the higher-level target mode is directionally weak. The overall agreement between the computations and experiment strongly suggests that, at least for the range of mean flows and acoustic conditions considered, the physical aeroacoustic radiation processes are fully captured through the frequency-domain solutions to the linearized Euler equations and hence this could form the basis of a reliable aircraft noise prediction method.     

Effect of inlet flow turbulence on the combustion instability in a premixed backward-facing step combustor

This paper reports the effect of inlet flow turbulence intensity on the combustion instability characteristics in a backward facing step combustor. The inlet turbulence intensity is varied by a turbulence generator. Unsteady pressure measurements and OH* chemiluminescence images are recorded over a wide range of operating conditions at different inlet turbulence intensities. The study shows an early onset of instability at low turbulence level, i.e., higher turbulence postpones the onset of instability to higher Reynolds number Re and/or higher equivalence ratio Φ. The early onset of instability in the Re and Φ parameter spaces is due to the change in system parameters such as flame speed and size of the recirculation zone downstream of the step at different turbulence levels. Further, the onset is characterized as subcritical bifurcation. At low Re, the hysteresis zone width is small for low turbulence levels and it is large at higher turbulence levels; and at higher Re, the hysteresis width remains constant at all turbulence levels. Investigation of instability characteristics reveals that there are momentary slippages from limit cycle orbit into brief silent regimes in an intermittent manner. The frequency of occurrence of the momentary silent regimes increases with reduction in turbulence, indicating that higher turbulence helps in maintaining the system in a stable limit cycle orbit. High-speed chemiluminescence imaging reveals the necessity of the vortex rollup in the recirculation zone to grow up to the top wall by dilatation from the heat release for the onset of instability. Considerations of the effect of turbulence on both the flame speed and the recirculation zone size together explain all the observed bifurcation trends. These results suggest that inlet flow turbulence should not just be considered as background noise. The turbulence effects on both the flame and flow should be considered in predicting the instability characteristics.