新型微燃机分布式冷热电联供系统热力性能分析

本文提出了一种新型微型燃气轮机分布式冷热电联供系统,集成了微型燃气轮机、氨水Rankine循环,单双效复合溴化锂吸收式制冷机,烟气热水换热器。氨水Rankine循环中,混合工质升温蒸发过程回收微燃机烟气余热,降温冷凝过程热量用于驱动吸收式制冷机。研究了新系统的热力性能、与没有集成氨水Rankine循环的典型微燃机分布式冷热电系统进行了对比分析,并对关键过程进行了能量品位(EUD)分析。热力性能结果表明,集成了氨水Rankine循环的新型系统热力性能优异,相对节能率为22.41%,(?)效率为31.64%,新系统可以在不影响系统相对节能率的前提下调整系统的冷负荷(35.6~51 kW)。能量品位分析表明,新系统性能提升的原因在于新系统氨水Rankine循环的吸热、放热过程与冷热源的能量品位差减小。     

正逆耦合循环研究进展

本文综述了作者所在研究集体所进行的正逆耦合循环研究.通过对串联型、并联型正逆耦合循环的相关研究和(火用)平衡比较分析,归纳提出了正逆耦合循环系统集成原则,即:正、逆循环采用同种工质;物流、能流耦合并重;优化配置热源加热过程;调控氨水工质浓度;回收利用系统内能.遵循该原则提出的变浓度氨水工质正逆耦合循环体现了优良的性能.     

冷凝式油气回收系统设计研究

设计了一种冷凝式油气回收系统,其制冷系统由单级压缩预冷单元与单级压缩2级自动复叠单元复叠而成。应用物性软件REFPROP对混合制冷剂的性质进行分析,应用大型通用流程模拟软件对油气负荷及制冷流程进行了模拟计算,研究了非共沸混合制冷剂配比变化对自动复叠单元压缩机性能的影响;通过对系统的模拟运行,研究了该冷凝式油气回收系统的工作性能,分析了冷凝温度对油气回收率和尾气油气含量的影响;在系统分析和模拟研究的基础上,为冷凝式油气回收系统关键设计参数选择提供了理论依据。     

冷凝法甲苯回收系统性能研究与优化

基于已有典型工业挥发性有机物甲苯设计的一套冷凝法回收系统,对其进行数值模拟和优化设计。运用物性软件REFPROP对甲苯负荷及制冷系统性能进行了模拟。通过对系统的模拟计算,研究了冷却级蒸发温度、冷凝温度以及甲苯混合气体入口温度对该冷凝法甲苯回收系统的性能影响,并针对冷却级温度影响进行了经济性分析。在此基础上,提出了冷量回收的优化方案,并与原有方案进行了对比分析,为进一步优化设计提供了理论依据。优化结果表明:系统预冷级负荷降低69.6%,系统的能耗降低38.9%,COP增大61.4%,压缩机排气温度下降7.7℃。     

氨水工质功冷联供循环内中温中压能的回收

本文提出两种采用引射器回收氨水工质功冷联供循环内的中温中压能量的改进方案,即通过回收热源能量将中温中压稀氨水工质加热至过热蒸汽状态后作为引射器工作工质分别用于:方案一,引射透平排汽以降低背压;方案二,引射蒸发器出口工质以降低蒸发压力.计算表明相同耗能下,相对于基础循环,方案一的净输出功提高0.9%、(火用)效率提高了0.8%;方案二的冷(火用)输出提高了11.1%,(火用)效率提高了0.7%,从而为有效回收系统内部能量提供了新的途径.     

新型带热回收装置的热泵空调系统的应用研究

传统的风冷式热回收热泵系统只有在制取生活热水这段时间内是高效运行的,而传统的水冷式热泵系统难以实现冬季的热泵循环,设计一种新型的风水冷热水空调系统,在热回收器上连接冷却塔,在夏季制冷运行中,将不需要热回收的那部分热量完全通过冷却水带走,保证系统都能在较高性能系数的状态下运行。经过实际工程运行验证,系统的最高制冷性能系数可以达到3.5,最高综合性能系数可以达到6.5,达到了节能的目的。     

新型氨吸收式动力/制冷复合循环的热力学分析

在Kalina循环的基础上,本文提出了一个改进的吸收式动力/制冷复合循环,在logp-T图上分析了该循环的热力学原理,基于综合热效率η和（火用）效率ψ两个评价指标,通过模拟计算,研究了新循环的热力学原理和能量特性,发现新循环与Kalina循环的η分别为19.50％和14.54％,新循环比Kalina循环提高34.10％;两个循环的ψ分别为31.60％和31.19％。本文还研究了新循环的精馏塔进料浓度、透平出口压力对η和ψ的影响。     

工业制冷系统组合式热回收节能方案研究

为改善氨工业制冷系统的运行能效和经济性,对螺杆式制冷机组系统,提出一种回收压缩机氨蒸气显热部分冷凝热和油冷却器润滑油余热的组合式热回收方案。该方案在压缩机排气管上增设氨热回收器,在油分离器和油冷却器之间增设油热回收器。理论计算表明,热回收系统所回收的总热负荷相较于压缩机输入功率的百分比R_(t,p)可达84. 2%～99. 6%,而组合式热回收系统的综合性能系数COP_c比无热回收制冷系统的COP高29. 0%～62. 5%。系统改造实例表明,本组合式热回收方案节能效益显著,系统改造投资的静态回收期较短。     

燃气机热泵的制冷性能

燃气机热泵(GEHP)是一种节能环保的空调装置。通过理论分析和实验测试研究了燃气机热泵部分负荷制冷性能。结果表明:燃气机热泵系统制冷量随着燃气机转速、蒸发器进水流量和蒸发器进水温度的提高而增加。制冷性能系数(COP)和一次能源利用率(PER)随着燃气机转速的增加而减少,随着蒸发器进水温度和进水流量的增加而增加。在考虑余热回收的情况下,燃气机热泵的一次能源利用率在1.29~1.67之间。     

Kalina循环放热过程的热力学分析

Kalina循环在放热部分,引入了一套吸收式制冷中应用的分馏冷凝单元,通过改变工质的浓度,既降低了背压使输出功增大,减少了放热过程的(火用)损,又保证工质能够完全冷凝,维持循环正常进行。本文选择带有一个回热器的一级Kalina循环放热过程作为研究对象。     

Performances of Transcritical Power Cycles with CO2-Based Mixtures for the Waste Heat Recovery of ICE

In the waste heat recovery of the internal combustion engine (ICE), the transcritical CO₂ power cycle still faces the high operation pressure and difficulty in condensation. To overcome these challenges, CO₂ is mixed with organic fluids to form zeotropic mixtures. Thus, in this work, five organic fluids, namely R290, R600a, R600, R601a, and R601, are mixed with CO₂. Mixture performance in the waste heat recovery of ICE is evaluated, based on two transcritical power cycles, namely the recuperative cycle and split cycle. The results show that the split cycle always has better performance than the recuperative cycle. Under design conditions, CO₂/R290(0.3/0.7) has the best performance in the split cycle. The corresponding net work and cycle efficiency are respectively 21.05 kW and 20.44%. Furthermore, effects of key parameters such as turbine inlet temperature, turbine inlet pressure, and split ratio on the cycle performance are studied. With the increase of turbine inlet temperature, the net works of the recuperative cycle and split cycle firstly increase and then decrease. There exist peak values of net work in both cycles. Meanwhile, the net work of the split cycle firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the split ratio. Thereafter, with the target of maximizing net work, these key parameters are optimized at different mass fractions of CO₂. The optimization results show that CO₂/R600 obtains the highest net work of 27.43 kW at the CO₂ mass fraction 0.9 in the split cycle.     

甲醇--动力联产系统热功转换过程分析

在联产系统能量和物质转换过程模拟和分析的基础上,重点研究了热功转换过程及其与甲醇合成过程的相互影响.得到部分联产率对系统输出功、甲醇合成压缩机耗功、甲醇产量、合成塔副产蒸汽的影响.并对比了动力独立生产系统和部分联产系统供电效率.     

Refuse-fired,pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion combined cycle analysis

Use of pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) has given a new opportunity to use municipal refuse as fuel for combined gas and steam power cycles keeping the pollutants of sulphur and nitrogen oxides to a minimum at reduced capital cost.In combined gas and steam power cycles, the heat energy in the exhaust gases of a simple gas turbine cycle is used to generate steam in a waste-heat boiler and the generated steam is used in the steam turbine for power generation.The effects of gas turbine pressure ratio and inlet temperature on the main parameters of refuse-fired, pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion combined cycles are determined.The results indicate a maximum combined cycle thermal efficiency and work output at a possible range of optimum pressure ratios between 10 and 12 for a range of gas turbine inlet temperatures of 750–1000°C.     

Using a Partially Evaporating Cycle to Improve the Volume Ratio Problem of the Trilateral Flash Cycle for Low-Grade Heat Recovery

This study examined the trilateral flash cycle characteristics (TFC) and partially evaporating cycle (PEC) using a low-grade heat source at 80 °C. The evaporation temperature and mass flow rate of the working fluids and the expander inlet’s quality were optimized through pinch point observation. This can help advance methods in determining the best design points and their operating conditions. The results indicated the partially evaporating cycle could solve the high-volume ratio problem without sacrificing the net power and thermal efficiency performance. When the system operation’s saturation temperature decreased by 10 °C, the net power, thermal efficiency, and volume ratio of the trilateral flash cycle system decreased by approximately 20%. Conversely, with the same operational conditions, the net power and thermal efficiency of the partially evaporating cycle system decreased by only approximately 3%; however, the volume ratio decreased by more than 50%. When the system operating temperature was under 63 °C, each fluid’s volume ratio could decrease to approximately 5. The problem of high excessive expansion would be solved from the features of the partially evaporating cycle, and it will keep the ideal power generation efficiency and improve expander manufacturing.     

第二代AFBC—CC热力性能初探

第二代ＡＦＢＣ—ＣＣ热力性能初探张娜，蔡睿贤，林汝谋（中国科学院工程热物理研究所）关键词常压流化床，燃煤联合循环，效率，功比符号表Ｄ总压恢复系数Ｔｅ余热锅炉排烟温度Ｂ燃烧室Ｇ流量△增量Ｃ压气机Ｈ焓η效率ｃｃ联合循环Ｈｕ煤气热值π压比ｄ燃气透平出口Ｎ功...     

Four-Objective Optimizations for an Improved Irreversible Closed Modified Simple Brayton Cycle

An improved irreversible closed modified simple Brayton cycle model with one isothermal heating process is established in this paper by using finite time thermodynamics. The heat reservoirs are variable-temperature ones. The irreversible losses in the compressor, turbine, and heat exchangers are considered. Firstly, the cycle performance is optimized by taking four performance indicators, including the dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, dimensionless power density, and dimensionless ecological function, as the optimization objectives. The impacts of the irreversible losses on the optimization results are analyzed. The results indicate that four objective functions increase as the compressor and turbine efficiencies increase. The influences of the latter efficiency on the cycle performances are more significant than those of the former efficiency. Then, the NSGA-II algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization, and three different decision methods are used to select the optimal solution from the Pareto frontier. The results show that the dimensionless power density and dimensionless ecological function compromise dimensionless power output and thermal efficiency. The corresponding deviation index of the Shannon Entropy method is equal to the corresponding deviation index of the maximum ecological function.     

利用LNG冷能的混合工质中低温热力循环开拓研究

为提高中低温余热回收动力系统性能,本文在常规混合工质热力循环（火用）分析基础上,提出了结合LNG冷能利用的新型混合工质热力循环。通过与LNG的有机结合,混合工质热力循环热效率提高14.5个百分点,（火用）效率达到53.6％。为进一步揭示效率提高的原因,我们比较了常规混合工质热力循环与LNG-混合工质热力循环的（火用）损失变化情况。结果表明:LNG-混合工质热力循环高效的关键在于循环平均放热温度的降低以及工质蒸发过程与冷凝过程换热的合理匹配。而LNG冷能的梯级利用则是系统具有较高（火用）效率的根本原因。     

燃气轮机合成气燃烧室动态特性的实验研究

本文针对一种燃用合成气的燃气轮机燃烧室,在以VXI总线为基础的测试平台上,进行了该型燃烧室的中压全尺寸动态特性实验研究,获得了燃烧室在点火及变负荷情况下的温度、压力、振动等重要参数的变化规律,对燃烧室动态压力信号进行了动态频谱及功率谱分析,初步探讨了影响合成气燃烧室稳定、高效、安全运行的相关因素及作用机理。     

Cogeneration by combining gas turbine engine with organic rankine cycle

The gas turbine engine is known by its relatively low efficiency especially at part load. Therefore, to conserve energy and reduce the operating cost, waste heat is recovered by combining a heat-exchange gas turbine cycle with closed organic Rankine cycle. A computer programme was made to calculate parametrically the individual and combined cycle performances, namely the work and efficiency of each. The parameters considered were: gas turbine pressure ratio; maximum cycle temperature; fluid-air mass ratio; and type of working fluid.This analytical study shows that R113 is the optimum choice because it gives the smallest, hence the most economical, size of turbo-expander. Maximum cycle temperature and pressure ratio are relatively the most important parameters. Economic analysis indicates very good rate of return on investment, related with heat recovery by cogeneration.