风电与压缩空气储能系统的能量转化特性研究

先进绝热压缩空气储能(AA-CAES)是解决风电不稳定性问题的一种能量存储技术。本文以热力学理论为基础,建立了风电与AA-CAES集成系统的理论模型并开展了仿真模拟工作,对集成系统在额定、扰动工况下的能量转化规律进行了对比和分析。结果表明集成系统存在电能、空气内能和水的热能的能量转化,内能与热能的转化随过程进行而变化,且两者的变化规律相反;扰动风速通过改变功率输入影响压气机效率,进而影响电能向空气内能的转化,但对系统热能的影响相对较小。     

热电共蓄式压缩空气储能系统特性研究

本文通过考虑透平机械特性曲线等非设计工况特性,对热电共蓄式压缩空气储能系统进行性能分析,并与同等条件T的绝热压缩空气储能系统进行了性能对比。初次循环的充放电效率为63.9%,且?损最大的部件为电加热器;多次循环性能分析显示随着循环次数的增多,充放电效率不断增大直至最后稳定;通过与绝热压缩空气储能系统进行性能对比发现,电加热器的加入能够有效提高储能系统的功率和能量等级,且电加热温度与充放电效率负相关。     

用于分布能量系统的微型压缩空气蓄能(MCAES)系统性能计算与优化

压缩空气蓄能(CAES)电站是一种新型电能存储系统,具有动态响应快、经济性能高、环境污染小等优点,可起到负荷平衡、战略规划、提高供电质量的作用。但压缩空气蓄能电站往往远离负荷中心,需要一定的地质条件。而分布式能量系统则系统容量小,靠近负荷中心,具有较好的环境兼容性。采用小型或微型机组的小型甚至微型压缩空气蓄能(MCAES)系统则可以结合二者的优势。本文将通过用于分布式能量系统的微型压缩空气蓄能电站的进行设备的选型,并对不同工况下的MCAES系统进行相应的计算与分析,并在满足用户对电力需求情况下,进行工况组合且优化选择。     

冰蓄冷空调系统的多目标优化控制策略研究

为了减少制冷机组的能耗和降低冰蓄冷空调系统的运行费用,提出了基于非线性多目标模型的优化控制策略。首先建立了多台制冷机组总能耗最少的目标函数;其次根据系统设备能耗和当地电价结构,得到了系统总运行费用最小的目标函数;最后使用MATLAB软件编程求得最优解。通过工程实例仿真对比在不同冷负荷时的优化控制策略和制冷机组优先策略下的制冷机组能耗和系统运行费用,结果表明非线性多目标优化控制能够发挥系统潜力,减少制冷机组能耗,降低系统运行费用。     

混合工质制冷的液化空气储能系统分析与优化

本文提出了一种采用混合工质制冷的液化空气储能循环,构建了完整的液化空气储能热力系统循环流程以及热力计算分析模型。原料气由单级压缩机驱动的混合制冷机液化,采用丙烷进行预冷,利用遗传算法进行组分优化,开展了设计工况下系统热力学研究。典型工况下,系统的电–电转化效率ηC为43.89%,液化比功耗SPC为0.2306 k Wh·L^-1,系统品质因数FOM为74.64%。研究发现随原料进气压力的增大,ηC和FOM均增大,SPC逐渐减小。与基于Claude液化流程的储能系统进行对比,结果表明本文提出的系统循环性能较优,可为实际工程应用提供参考和依据。     

基于免疫遗传的多目标优化

提出了一种免疫遗传算法(MOGA)用来解决多目标优化问题。在该算法(MOGA)中,使用了高斯变异算子,提高了收敛速度;创建了记忆细胞集来保存每代所产生的Pareto最优解。此算法与NSGAⅡ算法进行模拟实验结果进行对比,通过比较发现,该算法无论是在个体的多样性还是收敛性上都要比NSGAⅡ算法好,表明免疫遗传算法在解决多目标优化问题上具有可观的研究前景。     

不同织构形状及分布下滑动摩擦副的多目标驱动优化及敏感性分析

为改善滑动摩擦副润滑性能,引入了表面微织构技术。首先采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法建立了四种不同织构形状下滑动摩擦副的数值计算模型,并对其流动状态进行研究,其次以承载力最高和摩擦力最低为目标,基于非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对织构结构及分布进行多目标驱动优化,最后采用局部敏感性分析方法研究了目标参数对各设计变量的敏感度。结果表明:优化后滑动摩擦副润滑性能明显提高,最优分布参数与织构形状无关,而最优织构深度随着织构形状不同有所变化,且优化前后矩形织构型滑动摩擦副润滑性能均最优;环向距离对承载力影响程度最大,织构深度次之,而摩擦力对各设计变量均不敏感。     

计及成本与能耗的冰蓄冷系统多目标运行优化

为提高冰蓄冷系统的经济效益和节能效果,提出一种计及成本与能耗的多目标优化控制策略.首先,以供冷期总运行费用最小和能耗最低为目标建立系统多目标优化模型,并使用全局准则法求解得到Pareto解集;在此基础上,采用多维偏好线性规划分析方法对Pareto解集进行快速筛选.最后,以商场和办公楼为例,对比分析系统在冷机优先、融冰优...     

多翼离心风机叶片参数化及多目标优化研究

针对吸油烟机用多翼离心风机叶片多目标优化设计,提出一种二次非均匀B样条曲线的叶型参数化方法。采用4个控制点确定B样条曲线的方式对叶片的出口角、叶型的弦长和叶型的最大弯曲度进行控制,可以有效避免不合理叶型。使用Matlab软件调用相应的批处理文件,实现叶轮的自动建模和网格划分。结合最优拉丁超立方试验设计方法和CFD数值计算生成44组多目标优化的样本空间,建立能准确反映设计变量与优化目标之间响应关系的Kriging近似模型,并利用存档微遗传算法对其进行多目标优化。研究结果表明:与原型机相比,优化后的叶轮出口的径向速度明显增大、蜗壳内部流动损失减小,吸油烟机系统在多个工况下的流量和效率均有提高。     

无水坝抽水蓄能系统高压溶气问题研究

无水坝抽水蓄能系统利用封闭容器内的高压气体构建虚拟水坝,是兼具压缩空气储能和抽水蓄能优点的新型储能系统。但该系统的封闭容器内水和气在高压状态共存有可能造成水中溶气,从而对水轮机造成汽蚀等破坏。本文采用实际气体状态方程及分子动力学模拟方法,研究了宽广的压力、温度范围下气体在水中的溶解及扩散规律,揭示了水中气体溶解量随时间和水深的变化规律。研究结果表明释能结束后保证水-气共容舱内剩余水的高度大于0.5 m时,高压溶气不会对水轮机产生危害,该结论对系统的工程应用及推广具有指导意义。     

Thermodynamic Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Novel Compressed Air Energy Storage System Incorporated with a Coal-Fired Power Plant

A novel compressed air energy storage (CAES) system has been developed, which is innovatively integrated with a coal-fired power plant based on its feedwater heating system. In the hybrid design, the compression heat of the CAES system is transferred to the feedwater of the coal power plant, and the compressed air before the expanders is heated by the feedwater taken from the coal power plant. Furthermore, the exhaust air of the expanders is employed to warm partial feedwater of the coal power plant. Via the suggested integration, the thermal energy storage equipment for a regular CAES system can be eliminated and the performance of the CAES system can be improved. Based on a 350 MW supercritical coal power plant, the proposed concept was thermodynamically evaluated, and the results indicate that the round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency of the new CAES system can reach 64.08% and 70.01%, respectively. Besides, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the effects of ambient temperature, air storage pressure, expander inlet temperature, and coal power load on the performance of the CAES system. The above work proves that the novel design is efficient under various conditions, providing important insights into the development of CAES technology.     

Technological Research of a Clean Energy Router Based on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System

As a fundamental infrastructure of energy supply for future society, energy Internet (EI) can achieve clean energy generation, conversion, storage and consumption in a more economic and safer way. This paper demonstrates the technology principle of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AA-CAES), as well as analysis of the technical characteristics of AA-CAES. Furthermore, we propose an overall architectural scheme of a clean energy router (CER) based on AA-CAES. The storage and mutual conversion mechanism of wind and solar power, heating, and other clean energy were designed to provide a key technological solution for the coordination and comprehensive utilization of various clean energies for the EI. Therefore, the design of the CER scheme and its efficiency were analyzed based on a thermodynamic simulation model of AA-CAES. Meanwhile, we explored the energy conversion mechanism of the CER and improved its overall efficiency. The CER based on AA-CAES proposed in this paper can provide a reference for efficient comprehensive energy utilization (CEU) (93.6%) in regions with abundant wind and solar energy sources.     

先进绝热压缩空气储能系统的设计计算

作为一种重要的可再生能源,风能的不稳定性问题亟待解决。压缩空气储能(CAES)系统是解决该问题的一种有效途径。先进绝热压缩空气储能(AA-CAES)系统在传统CAES系统的基础上得到改进,在环境保护、资源节约上有明显的优势。以1.5 MW的AA-CAES为例,介绍了先进绝热压缩空气储能系统的设计过程,并给定具体参数进行计算,对该系统的特性及应用前景进行了分析总结。     

超临界CO2布雷登循环热电联供系统多目标优化

本文研究了以超临界CO₂布雷登循环为原动机的热电联供系统,对系统主要运行参数进行了分析,得到运行参数对于系统热力学性能和经济性能的影响规律。同时,以一次能源利用率和单位输出成本作为目标函数,采用多目标遗传算法对系统进行了优化;在优化结果的基础上,通过TOPSIS法决策出最优解,并与单目标最优解进行对比。结果表明,透平进口温度、透平进口压力和压缩机进口温度的增大有利于系统效率的提高;作为代价,成本也相应增加。在热电比0~4范围内,尽可能增大热电比能够最大程度上降低系统的单位输出成本,提高能源的利用率。     

新区综合能源系统多目标最优化设计

经济性和碳排放的平衡是未来城市能源利用的主要方向。新城区开发需要先进的能源系统设计方法,以定量化计算不同设计方案下的经济性与碳排放。基于城市能源系统的主要特征,本文提出了一种新区综合能源系统多目标最优化设计方法。在需求侧,通过能耗指标分摊法预测负荷;在供应侧,利用超结构建模包含各种能源-技术组合,求解混合整数线性规划问题。本文以雄安新区启动区能源系统为案例进行多目标最优化设计,探讨了碳排放与成本之间的权衡取舍。     

Thermodynamic Performance of a Brayton Pumped Heat Energy Storage System: Influence of Internal and External Irreversibilities

A model for a pumped thermal energy storage system is presented. It is based on a Brayton cycle working successively as a heat pump and a heat engine. All the main irreversibility sources expected in real plants are considered: external losses arising from the heat transfer between the working fluid and the thermal reservoirs, internal losses coming from pressure decays, and losses in the turbomachinery. Temperatures considered for the numerical analysis are adequate for solid thermal reservoirs, such as a packed bed. Special emphasis is paid to the combination of parameters and variables that lead to physically acceptable configurations. Maximum values of efficiencies, including round-trip efficiency, are obtained and analyzed, and optimal design intervals are provided. Round-trip efficiencies of around 0.4, or even larger, are predicted. The analysis indicates that the physical region, where the coupled system can operate, strongly depends on the irreversibility parameters. In this way, maximum values of power output, efficiency, round-trip efficiency, and pumped heat might lay outside the physical region. In that case, the upper values are considered. The sensitivity analysis of these maxima shows that changes in the expander/turbine and the efficiencies of the compressors affect the most with respect to a selected design point. In the case of the expander, these drops are mostly due to a decrease in the area of the physical operation region.     

Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Assessments of an Integrated Energy System Based on Fuel,Wind and Solar Energies

The integrated energy system (IES) is an efficient method for improving the utilization of renewable energy. This paper proposes an IES based on fuel, wind and solar energies, following an optimization study focused on determining optimal device capacities. The study included gas turbines, wind turbines, solar photovoltaic panels, ground source heat pumps, absorption chillers/heaters, batteries, and thermal storage. Objectives were incorporated into the optimization model for the overall performance of the IES; these included the primary energy saving rate, annual cost-saving rate, and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Then, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II was employed to solve the optimization problem for multiple objectives. Ultimately, the verification and sensitivity analyses of the optimization method were achieved by a case study of hospital buildings in Harbin. The optimization results indicated a primary energy saving rate, annual cost saving rate, and carbon dioxide emission reduction rate of 17.3%, 39.8%, and 53.8%, respectively. The total installed capacity for renewable energy generation accounted for 64.5% of performance optimization. Moreover, the price of natural gas affected the economic indicators of the IES–but failed to impact energy consumption indicators.     

耦合太阳能和地热能的冷热电联供系统优化

天然气和可再生能源互补是一种并行解决环境污染和克服可再生能源不稳定的有效方式,本文提出一种耦合太阳能和地热能的混合冷热电联供(CCHP)系统。基于以电定热(FEL)和以热定电(FTL)运行策略,提出了地源热泵出力比依照逐时电价和季节而变化的运行模式;以一次能源节约率、费用年值节约率以及二氧化碳减排率为目标函数,建立CCHP系统优化模型,运用多目标遗传算法对系统配置及运行策略进行了寻优求解。结果表明:该混合CCHP系统在FEL模式能够实现最优的综合性能.     

空调蓄冷材料研究现状及其新进展

分析了空调蓄冷材料研究现状及存在的一些问题 ,提出研制一种新型空调复合蓄冷材料 ,通过实验 ,分析该蓄冷材料的融点、融解热等热学性能。并通过实验研究寻找到了一种新型空调蓄冷材料 ,测试结果表明该蓄冷材料具有较高的相变潜热、适宜的相变温度和较好的热稳定性 ,因此可被应用于蓄冷空调系统中。