TiCl4/XROH/MgCl2/Et3Al催化剂合成宽分子量分布乙烯/1-己烯共聚物

采用MgCl₂负载TiCl₄及1,3-二氯-2-丙醇给电子体(XROH),与三乙基铝助催化剂组成的催化剂体系,合成了1-己烯共聚率高且宽分子量分布的乙烯/1-己烯共聚物。 讨论了催化体系的组成、配比和聚合条件对乙烯/1-己烯共聚合行为,共聚物结构、分子量及分子量分布的影响。 结果表明,n(Ti)∶n(Mg)=10∶1,n(XROH)∶n(MgCl₂)=2.6∶1,n(Al)∶n(Ti)=100∶1,乙烯压力0.45 MPa,聚合温度80 ℃,聚合时间2 h,共聚单体(1-hexene)浓度0.25 mol/L时,催化效率达23.2 kg/g cat。 采用¹³C NMR、X-ray、SEM、WAXD、DSC、GPC等测试技术对催化剂、共聚物的结构进行了表征。 结果表明,在Zieglar-Natta(Z-N)催化体系中,给电子体多卤代醇与TiCl4结合,载体MgCl2的晶体结构发生了变化。 结晶度降低,有利于催化剂负载量的提高(ω(Ti)=4.8%)和催化效率增大。 催化体系产生了多种活性中心,使聚烯烃分子量分布变宽(15~20)。 多卤代醇还可增强1-己烯与乙烯的共聚能力,在共聚物中1-己烯的摩尔分数达5.1%。     

不同结构烷基铝催化异戊二烯齐聚与聚合行为研究

烷基铝（AlR₃）作为Ziegler-Natta催化剂体系的助催化剂组分,起到烷基化、还原主金属化合物、参与活性中心形成与演变、链转移剂等重要作用.然而烷基铝自身对二烯烃单体也具有催化作用.本工作采用不同结构烷基铝如三乙基铝（AlEt₃）、三异丁基铝（Al（i-Bu）₃）、氢化二异丁基铝（AlH（i-Bu）₂）、一氯二乙基铝（AlEt₂Cl）、二氯一乙基铝（AlEtCl₂）,研究了烷基铝的种类和浓度对异戊二烯催化行为的影响.采用核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）等对产物的微观结构（顺式-1,4-和反式-1,4-含量）和分子量及分布等进行了表征,探讨了不同结构烷基铝的催化行为.发现烷基铝不仅可以催化异戊二烯齐聚,与微量水作用后还可以引发异戊二烯阳离子聚合,得到顺反混合结构的线性聚合物.烷基铝浓度对其催化行为有较大影响.当n（Al）/n（M）=1050×10^-5时,AlEtCl₂的催化活性显著提高,产物主要为线性聚合物;而其他结构烷基铝的催化活性较低.当n（Al）/n（M）≤350×10^-5,烷基铝自身催化异戊二烯齐聚及聚合能力极弱.过低和过高的烷基铝浓度都不利于获得高分子量聚合物.这为深入理解Ziegler-Natta催化剂体系烷基铝组分的催化作用及其对聚合物的影响提供依据.     

异相Ziegler-Natta催化剂的活性中心多分散性(Ⅰ)——钛催化体系聚合物分子量分布的研究

对TiCl₃及TiCl₄/MgCl₂-Al(C₂H₅)₃(或Al(i-C₄H₉)₃、Al(C₂H₅)₂Cl)催化体系合成的聚辛烯的分子量分布用SchulzeFlory"最可几分布"函数作拟合处理,将各种聚合条件下的实测分布分成了3～5个"最可几分布"的叠加,催化剂结构及聚合条件对这些"最可几分布"峰的位置、大小的影响较有规律,表明每个峰对应于一种活性中心。还测定了聚辛烯各级分的活性中心浓度。对各活性中心的差异作了分析。     

1-辛烯的Ziegler-Natta聚合动力学(Ⅱ)——速率增长期的动力学及其机理

用膨胀计研究了络合Ⅱ型TiCl₃-烷基铝催化1-辛烯聚合的非稳态期动力学,发现速率增长期随[TiCl₃]、[M]₀的增大及温度升高而变短。通过显微镜观察发现增长期中催化剂大颗粒逐步破碎成较小颗粒。对此提出了聚合物促使催化剂颗粒破碎从而增大活性表面的增长期机理模型,用此模型解释了大部分实验现象。     

异相Ziegler-Natta催化剂的活性中心多分散性(Ⅱ)——4种活性中心的聚合动力学参数

测定了络合Ⅱ型TiCl₃-Al(C₂H₅)₃催化1-辛烯聚合中不同时间的产物分子量分布,用4个Schulz-Flory“最可几”分布函数叠加,较好地拟合了实测分布,从而确定此体系有4种活性中心。从拟合及动力学测定结果确定了4种活性中心的聚合速率、浓度及链增长速率常数、链转移速率常数等,讨论了各活性中心的结构及聚合机理。     

本体共聚合制备丙烯/1-丁烯合金及表征

以球形高效负载的TiCl₄/MgCl₂/邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)为催化剂, 采用本体聚合方法进行丙烯与1-丁烯共聚合研究. 考察了共单体效应对共聚活性及聚合物立构规整性的影响; 表征了共聚物的结构. 结果表明, 随着1-丁烯/丙烯投料比的增加, 聚合活性呈先升高后降低的趋势, 在1-丁烯/丙烯摩尔投料比为0.26条件下聚合活性达到最高, 并随着共聚物中1-丁烯含量的增加, 共聚物的熔点明显下降, 分子量降低, 分子量分布变窄, 同时共聚物力学性能有明显提高, 透明度逐渐增加.     

新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究(Ⅵ)——锌化合物对催化剂及产物性能的影响

研究了新型高活性乙烯气相聚合催化剂TiCl₄、Ti(OBu)₄/MgCl₂、SiO₂和ZnCl₂/醇/AlR₃体系中ZnCl₂-AlEt₃/SiO₂重量比和锌化合物含量对气相均聚合的影响,比较了2种不同催化剂Cat# A和Cat# B的聚合反应动力学及性能差异.催化剂中锌化合物作为复合载体的重要组分,可显著改善产物分子量调节效果.通过比表面积、SEM、DSC以及FTIR对催化剂和聚合物的形态、结构及性能进行了分析和表征.结果表明,均聚产物与采用MgCl₂作载体的催化剂制备的产物相比,支化度较高,结晶度较低,熔融峰较宽.发现Cat#B制得的均聚产物具有新颖的熔融双峰.     

新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究(Ⅰ)──气相均聚和共聚反应及气相均聚动力学

研究了新型高活性乙烯气相聚合催化剂TiCl₄/MgCl₂/ZnCl₂/SiCl₄/醇/Al(i-Bu)₃体系中钛和醇组分含量对聚合反应和产物颗粒形态的影响。测定了乙烯气相聚合反应动力学曲线,确定了聚合动力学方程。用SEM、DSC、WAXD、¹³CNMR对催化剂及聚合物的形态、结构和性能进行了分析和表征。     

用负载型钛系催化剂进行丙烯-丁二烯共聚合的研究(Ⅰ)——共聚反应及共聚产物的表征

本文首次用负载型钛系催化剂TiCl₄/MgCl₂/AlEt₃和TiCl₄/MgCl₂/AlEt₃/苯甲酸乙酯(EB)进行了丙烯-丁二烯共聚合的研究,考察了不同单体比对共聚合的影响。结果表明,两种催化体系均能有效地进行丙烯-丁二烯的共聚合并各具特点。共聚产物经用溶剂萃取和IR、¹³CNMR、X-光衍射、DTA等方法进行分析和表征,证明共聚物中存在有丙烯-丙烯和丁二烯-丁二烯长序列的结构。丁二烯链节的微观结构基本上是反式-1,4构型。     

三种不同碳桥联双核茂钛配合物的合成及催化乙烯聚合研究

合成了3种不同结构的CnH₂n桥联双核茂钛配合物(CH₃)₂C[(C₅H₄)TiCl₂(C₅H₅)]₂(3),(CH₂)_n[(C₅H₄)TiCl₂(C₅H₅)]₂(6,n=3;7,n=4),并用1HNMR进行了表征.发现以甲苯为溶剂时,不仅提高了产率,而且有效地避免了副产物Cp₂TiCl₂的生成.研究了化合物7/MAO(甲基铝氧烷)催化乙烯聚合的反应,考察了反应条件对催化体系的影响.结果表明,催化活性随着n(Al)/n(Cat.)比的增大而提高,聚乙烯的分子量在n(Al)/n(Cat.)=500和50℃时达到最高值9.0102×10⁴;随着聚合时间的延长,催化活性下降,而产物分子量不断升高;随着温度的上升,50℃时催化活性和聚乙烯的分子量最高,分别为2.4074×10⁵gPE/(molTi·h)和6.8679×10⁴.随着桥联双核茂钛配合物碳桥的增长,催化活性增加,所得聚乙烯的分子量降低.     

Studies on the Copolymerization of Propylene and Butadiene with Supported Titanium Catalysts (I)——Copolymerizat ion and Characterizat ion of the Products

Copolymerizations of propylene and butadiene in various ratios with two kinds of supported catalysts, i.e. TiCl4/MgCl2/AlEt3 and TiCl4/MgCl2/AlEt3/ethyl Bonzoate(EB). have been investigated. The results show that these two catalysts are quite effective for propylene-butadiene copolymerization but behave in different features. Characterizations of the copolymerization products by solvent extraction, IR, 13C NMR, X-ray diffraction and DTA show that blocked propylene-propylene and butadiene-butadiene sequences exist in polymer chain and the butadiene units are exclusively in trans-1,4 configuration.     

含稀土的钛系催化剂进行乙烯聚合动力学及ZnCl2调节分子量的研究

以SN-1催化剂进行乙烯常压聚合动力学研究表明,催化剂高效的主要原因是活性中心浓度明显增大、表观活化能△E较低。研究了ZnCl₂对乙烯聚合反应的影响。发现ZnCl₂能有效地降低聚乙烯的分子量,并能显著地提高催化效率,当ZnCl₂浓度过大时,则对聚合反应有抑制作用。     

Effects of diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC) addition to the catalysts prepared by reduction of TiCl4 with EtMgCl on ethylene-propylene copolymerization

TiCl₃/2.5MgCl₂(0.5MgEt₂)/THF catalyst (R) was prepared by the reduction of TiCl₄ with EtMgCl. The effect of diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC) addition on the catalytic activity in ethylene-propylene copolymerization was investigated. It was suggested from FT-i.r. that the catalyst R formed similar bimetallic (Ti-Mg-THF) complexes to the TiCl₃(AA)/3MgCl₂/THF catalyst (T3ME) of our previous report [7]. An ESR study provided evidence that the Ti³⁺ species in the catalyst R was of the multinuclear type, instead of an isolated type of T3ME, and it changed from a tetrahedral to an octahedral structure with addition of DEAC. The activities of R catalysts in copolymerization were more or less in the same order of magnitude with each other due to the multinuclear nature of the Ti³⁺ species, and the response to propylene comonomer decreased with addition of DEAC. The polydispersity of comonomer over R catalysts was in the range of 6–10, being much broader than that over the T3ME catalyst system. It might be due to the heterogeneity of the titanium(III) structure; tetrahedral as well as octahedral in R, instead of only octahedral in T3ME.     

Effect of different donors on kinetics of Zn catalysts and molecular weight of the obtained polypropylene

This paper studies MgCl₂/internal donor/TiCl₄//external donor/AlEt₃ catalytic systems where ethyl benzoate (E.B.) or 2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidine (TMPiP) are used as internal and external donors. E.B. as external donor does not change the molecular weight of the product with TMPiP as internal donor. The molecular weight of polypropylene decreases drastically and global productivity and stereoselectivity are very low with MgCl₂/internal Donor/TiCl₄//external donor/AlEt₃ when TMPiP is the external and internal donor. In this case the insoluble fraction in n-heptane is highly stereospecific and the molecular weight is similar to commercial products. We present a new explanation of these results, based on Ystenes proposal, comparing both precatalysts.     

Polymerization Kinetics of Propylene with the MgCl_2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts——Active Centers with Different Tacticity and Fragmentation of the Catalyst

The catalytic activity and stereospecificity of olefin polymerization by using heterogeneous TiCl_4/MgCl_2 Ziegler-Natta(Z-N) catalysts are determined by the structure and nature of active centers, which are mysterious and fairly controversial. In this work, the propylene polymerization kinetics under different polymerization temperatures by using Z-N catalysts were investigated through monitoring the concentration of active centers [C*] with different tacticity. SEM was applied to characterize the catalyst morphologies and growing polypropylene(PP) particles. The lamellar thickness and crystallizability of PP obtained under different polymerization conditions were analyzed by DSC and SAXS. The PP fractions and active centers with different tacticity were obtained with solvent extraction fractionation method. The catalytic activity, active centers with different tacticity and propagation rate constant k_p, fragmentation of the catalyst, crystalline structure of PP are correlated with temperature and time for propylene polymerizations. The polymerization temperature and time show complex influences on the propylene polymerization. The higher polymerization temperature(60 ℃) resulted higher activity, k_p and lower [C*], and the isotactic active centers C_i* as the majority ones producing the highest isotactic polypropylene(iPP) components showed much higher k_p when compared with the active centers with lower stereoselectivity. Appropriate polymerization time provided full fragmentation of the catalyst and minimum diffusion limitation. This work aims to elucidate the formation and evolution of active centers with different tacticity under different polymerization temperature and time and its relations with the fragmentation of the PP/catalyst particles, and provide the solutions to the improvement of catalyst activity and isotacticity of PP.