电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质

建立微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质元素含量的方法。根据二硼化锆的化学组成对杂质检测的影响,确定了各元素最佳分析线;通过考察不同浓度的锆基体对待测元素的影响来确定最佳锆基体浓度;通过萃取法分离硼元素,消除硼对杂质检测的干扰;采用基体匹配法、多谱拟和技术消除了锆基体的干扰。在选定的仪器工作条件下,各待测元素的质量浓度与信号强度成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于6%(n=11),样品加标回收率为94%~101%。该方法操作简便,测定结果准确,可用于二硼化锆中26种杂质元素的测定。     

多晶硅中硼含量的密闭消解-ICP-AES法测定

采用恒压密闭消解的方法分解多晶硅样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定多晶硅样品中的硼含量.探讨了酸及络合剂的类型与用量对硼含量测定的影响,优化后的实验条件为:消解体系为2 mL HF+2 mL H2O+0.6 mL HNO3, 络合剂为0.30 mL甘露醇溶液(2.5 g/L),稀释剂为0.3 mol/L的硝酸.在最佳实验条件下,硼元素的回收率为91% ～95%,相对标准偏差均小于5.0%.     

ICP—AES法测定含高钽镍基高温合金中的硼

采用ICP-AES法测定含高钽(4%～7%)镍基高温合金中的硼元素.通过试验探讨了镍基高温合金中基体元素,主量元素如铬、钴、钨、钼、钽、铌、铼等对硼元素分析谱线的光谱干扰情况,采用基体匹配法对基体干扰进行校正,确定了合适的分析谱线.方法的线性范围为0～4mg/L,检出限为0.0005%.测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.99%～2.60%(n-8),回收率为94.0%-97.3%.     

ICP–AES法测定低合金钢中的微量硼

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP–AES)测定低合金钢中硼元素的含量。采用密闭微波消解法对样品进行溶解,考察了铁基体元素和共存元素对硼元素测定的影响,确定了硼元素的分析线为208.959 nm,通过基体匹配消除基体的影响。硼的质量浓度在0~5.00μg/m L范围内与谱线强度呈良好的线性,相关系数r2=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.004μg/m L,加标回收率为96%~103%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~2.9%(n=8)。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度,满足低合金钢中硼元素的分析要求。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定镍铜合金中高含量硅

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）法对镍铜合金中高含量硅进行了测定.方法对样品的溶解和仪器测量条件以及共存元素干扰进行了系统的研究,选定了仪器的最佳测定条件,硅分析线为251.611 nm,内标元素线为371.029 nm.样品以硝酸为主加盐酸溶解,加氢氟酸控制温度溶解硅,在仪器最佳条件进行测量,并与经典化学法（重量法）结果对照一致.硅元素含量在1%~5%范围回收率为99%~102%,RSD为0.77%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定香精香料中的硼元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定香精香料中硼元素的含量。对微波消解样品前处理条件和仪器参数进行了优化,该方法硼元素检出限为1.005 ng/mL、平均回收率为106.1%、精密度为6.15%(n=5),并用茶叶国家标准物质(GBW10016)对分析方法进行了校准。该方法适合于香精香料中硼元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中的硼

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中硼元素的分析方法。采用盐酸–氢氟酸–硝酸溶解钛合金样品,选择208.889 nm为硼的分析谱线,通过基体匹配法消除基体钛的干扰。在优化条件下对钛合金样品进行测定,线性相关系数大于0.999 0,硼的定量下限为0.000 5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于3.00%(n=11),硼的加标回收率为95.00%～102.50%。该方法快速、准确,可以满足实际生产中钛合金样品的测定要求。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定钴基合金中的硼

采用微波消解-ICP-AES法测定钴基合金中硼元素。通过试验探讨了钴基高温合金中基体元素,主量元素如铬、钨、钼等对硼元素分析谱线的光谱干扰情况,采用基体匹配法对基体干扰进行校正,确定了合适的分析谱线。方法的线性范围为0～8 mg/L,检出限为0.0003%。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.88%～6.04%(n=6),回收率为92.0%～104.2%。     

ICP-AES法同时测定土壤中有效态的硫和硼

采用一种方法同时提取国标土壤样品中的有效态硫和硼元素,再使用ICP-AES法进行测定。其测定值与标准值相比,硫和硼的相对误差分别小于1.4%和13%,均在允许误差范围内;方法的相对标准偏差,硫为3.2%~3.4%,硼为6.3%~7.6%;磷酸钙溶液作为提出剂条件下,方法的检出限硫为0.114μg/mL,硼为0.0039μg/mL,氯化钙溶液作为提出剂条件下,硫为0.151μg/mL,硼为0.0035μg/mL。     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定植物中9种必需元素

植物样品置于聚四氟乙烯罐中,加入硝酸及过氧化氢后在MARS 5微波消解仪中按设定程序加热消解.样品溶液经定容为一定体积并保持一致的稀硝酸酸度,直接进样进行电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析,在选定的优化分析条件下同时测定其9种元素(钾、钙、镁、磷、硼、锌、铜、铁及锰)的含量.包括样品消解在内,分析全过程只需3～4 h.用标准曲线法进行定量,所得各元素的标准曲线均有良好的线性关系.应用此方法分析了一种茶叶标准物质(GBW 07605),所得9种元素的测定结果与证书值相符,各元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.3%～4.7%之间.     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Gemini表面活性剂合成进展

系统总结了近百种Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并且按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,对今后Gemini表面活性剂的合成发展方向提出了一些看法,这对促进此类新颖表面活性剂的工业化进程将具有指导意义。     

钙与人体及临床

钙是宏量元素，是人体中含量较高的元素之一，体内99％的钙构成骨骼和牙齿以及维持骨骼结构，1％的钙调节人体重要生理功能。钙的含量过高或过低都与许多疾病有关，只有保持一种平衡状态，才能使机体处于正常环境。     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.

     

AGET ATRP in the Presence of Air in Miniemulsion and in Bulk

Summary: The recently developed initiation system, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET), is used in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in the presence of a limited amount of air. Ascorbic acid and tin(II ) 2‐ethylhexanoate are used as reducing agents in miniemulsion and bulk, respectively. An excess of reducing agent consumes the oxygen present in the system and, therefore, provides a deoxygenated environment for ATRP. ATRP of butyl acrylate is successfully carried out in miniemulsion and in the presence of air. During polymerization the radical concentration remains constant. The polymerization reaches over 60% monomer conversion after 6 h, which results in polymers with a predetermined molecular weight = 14 000 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity ( = 1.23). AGET ATRP of styrene is also successful in bulk in the presence of air, as evidenced by linear semi‐logarithmic kinetics, which leads to polystyrene with an of 13 400 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity index ( = 1.14).

Appearance of miniemulsion before and after the reducing agent ascorbic acid was added (left); and GPC traces representing molecular weights during the AGET ATRP of BA in miniemulsion in the presence of air (right).