Fading out of J/ψ color transparency in high energy heavy ion peripheral collisions

We provide predictions for the J/ψ coherent production in the peripheral heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC using the leading twist model of nuclear shadowing based on the QCD factorization theorem for diffraction and the HERA hard diffraction data. We demonstrate that for LHC kinematics this model leads to a bump-shape distribution in rapidity which is suppressed overall as compared to the expectations of the color transparency regime by a factor 6. This is a significantly larger suppression than that expected within the impact parameter eikonal model. Thus we show that the interaction of spatially small wave package for which the total cross section of interaction with nucleons is small is still strongly shadowed by nuclear medium in high energy processes.     

Signals for intrinsic charm in high energy interactions

The prospects to test the hypothesis of intrinsic charm quarks in the proton are investigated. We consider how this component can be directly or indirectly probed in deep inelastic scattering at HERA and in fixed target experiments and find that an overlooked signal might be present in existing NMC data. Applying the intrinsic charm model to hadron collisions we compare the resulting charm production cross-sections with those based on standard perturbative QCD and available data. Extrapolating to higher energies we obtain predictions for charm production at the Tevatron and LHC.     

在RHIC和LHC中光子-核子碰撞产生的大横动量双轻子

研究了RHIC和LHC能区的Au-Au和Pb-Pb周边重离子碰撞中,来自光子-核子相互作用产生的大横动量双轻子。利用微扰QCD 参数化和Weizs?cker-Williams近似计算了双轻子的产率。经过与领头阶和碎裂过程的双轻子产生数值计算结果相比较,光-核碰撞过程产生的大横动量双轻子在RHIC能区是可忽略的。但是在LHC能区,光-核碰撞在大横动量区域是周边重离子碰撞的一个重要的双轻子源。     

Low-x QCD with CMS at the LHC

The physics of gluon saturation and non-linear evolution at small values of parton momentum fraction x in the proton and nucleus is discussed in the context of experimental results at HERA and RHIC. The rich physics potential of low-x QCD studies at the LHC is discussed and some measurements in pp, pA and AA collisions accessible with the compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment are presented. PACS 12.38.-t; 24.85.+p; 25.75.-q     

A posteriori inclusion of parton density functions in NLO QCD final-state calculations at hadron colliders: the APPLGRID project

A method to facilitate the consistent inclusion of cross-section measurements based on complex final-states from HERA, TEVATRON and the LHC in proton parton density function (PDF) fits has been developed. This can be used to increase the sensitivity of LHC data to deviations from Standard Model predictions. The method stores perturbative coefficients of NLO QCD calculations of final-state observables measured in hadron colliders in look-up tables. This allows the a posteriori inclusion of parton density functions (PDFs), and of the strong coupling, as well as the a posteriori variation of the renormalisation and factorisation scales in cross-section calculations. The main novelties in comparison to original work on the subject are the use of higher-order interpolation of Lagrangian form, which substantially improves the trade-off between accuracy and memory use, and a CPU and computer memory optimised way to construct and store the look-up table using modern software tools. It is demonstrated that a sufficient accuracy on the cross-section calculation can be achieved with reasonably small look-up table size by using the examples of jet production and electro-weak boson (Z, W) production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV at the LHC. The use of this technique in PDF fitting is demonstrated in a PDF-fit to HERA data and simulated LHC jet cross-sections as well as in a study of the jet cross-section uncertainties at various centre-of-mass energies.     

Net-Baryon and Net-Kaon Rapidity Distributions in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

In this paper, the gluon distribution is extracted from the KLR-AdS/CFT saturation model and used to investigate net-baryon and net-kaon rapidity distributions in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. With the same parameters of the saturation model fitting to HERA data and an χ² analysis of the overall constant C, the theoretical results are in good agreement with RHIC data in Au+Au collisions at √s=0.2 TeV. Then, we present the predictive results for net-baryon rapidity distributions in central Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies of √s=2.76, 3.94, and 5.52 TeV, and give the corresponding values of d N/d y for net-baryon at y=0.     

Production of exotic E6 leptons in ep collisions

We consider the possibility of producing single, charged E₆ exotic leptons in ep collisions at high energies via flavor-changing couplings to neutral gauge bosons. We find that at HERA energies the production rate for these particles is quite small due to small mixing effects. At higher energies, as may be possible at a LEP ep collider, the production rates become reasonably large: ⋍100–1000 events per year.     

Elastic and large t rapidity gap vector meson production in ultraperipheral proton–ion collisions

We evaluate the cross sections for the production of vector mesons in exclusive ultraperipheral proton–ion collisions at LHC. We find that the rates are high enough to study the energy and momentum transfer dependence of vector meson (ρ,?$\rho ,?$, J/ψ$J/\psi$, ?) photoproduction in γp scattering in a wide energy range. This would extend the measurements which were performed at HERA providing new information about interplay of soft and hard physics in diffraction. Also, we calculate the contributions to the vector meson yield due to production of vector mesons off nuclear target by photons emitted by proton. We find, that at least in the case of ? production it is feasible to observe simultaneously both these processes. Such measurements would increase the precision with which the A-dependence of exclusive onium production can be determined. This would also enable one to estimate the amount of nuclear shadowing of generalized gluon distributions at much smaller x than that is possible in AA collisions and to measure the cross sections for photoproduction processes in a significantly wider energy range than that achieved in experiments with fixed nuclear targets. We also present the cross section for vector meson production in pA collisions at RHIC. In addition, we consider production of vector mesons off protons with large rapidity gaps and large t. These processes probe small x dynamics of the elastic interaction of small dipoles at high energies and large but finite t  , that is in the kinematics where DGLAP evolution is strongly suppressed. We estimate that this process could be studied at LHC up to W∼1 TeV$W\sim 1\text{TeV}$ with detectors which will be available at LHC.     

QCD saturation at the LHC: Comparisons of models to p + p and A + A data and predictions for p + Pb collisions

In a previous paper (arXiv:1011.1895), we showed that saturation models, constrained by e + p HERA data on inclusive and diffractive cross-sections, are in good agreement with p + p data at LHC in the soft sector. Particularly impressive was the agreement of saturation models with the multiplicity distribution as a function of _nch.$n_{\mathrm{ch}.}$. In this Letter, we extend these studies further and consider the agreement of these models with data on bulk distributions in A + A collisions. We compare our results to data on central and forward particle production in d + Au collisions at RHIC and make predictions for inclusive distributions in p + Pb collisions at the LHC.     

Single-diffractive Drell–Yan pair production at the LHC

We present predictions for single-diffractive low-mass Drell–Yan pair production in pp collisions at the LHC at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV. Predictions are obtained adopting a factorised form for the relevant cross sections and are based on a new set of diffractive parton distributions resulting from the QCD analysis of combined HERA leading proton data. We discuss a number of observables useful to characterise the expected factorisation breaking effects.     

Large transverse momentum lepton pair production at the Large Hadron Collider

We study the large transverse momentum distribution of lepton pairs produced in heavy-ion collisions, making use of the perturbative QCD. Referring to the calculation of the parton-parton production process into lepton pairs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the production of lepton pairs at large transverse momentum is extended to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The contribution of the parton-parton production process into lepton pairs in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC is calculated, including the complete processes at large transverse momentum. Lepton pair production with the direct single photon process and the resolved single photon process are considered and confirmed to be significant at the LHC.     

Diffractive production of charm in DIS and gluon nuclear shadowing

We evaluate nuclear shadowing of the total cross section of charm particles production in DIS within the framework of Gribov theory of nuclear shadowing generalized to account for the QCD evolution. We use as an input the recent QCD Pomeron parton density analysis of the HERA diffractive data. Assuming that the QCD factorization theorem is applicable to the charm production off nuclei we also calculate shadowing of the gluon densities in nuclei and find it sufficiently large for heavy nuclei: G_A~200(x,Q²)/AG_N(x,Q²) ~ 0.45 m 0.5 · (A/200)^т.15 for x ~ 10^х1ц, Q² ~ 20 1 40 GeV² to influence significantly the physics of heavy ion collisions at LHC. We evaluate also suppression of minijet and hidden charm production in the central AA collisions. We also discuss some properties of the final states for %^*A processes dominated by the scattering off small x gluons like the high p_t jet and charm production.     

Dynamics of pp collisions at small impact parameters,universality of cross sections of hadron-hadron collisions and critical phenomena at superhigh energies

Studies of the small x dynamics at HERA energies allow one to quantify the range of momentum transfers and energies for which strength of the interaction approaches the maximum strength allowed by the unitarity in the gluon channel (black disk limit-BDL). Implications for the proton-proton interactions at collider energies (Tevatron, LHC) include a dominance of BDL up to transverse momenta of hadrons (jets) in the final state of a few GeV for collisions at small impact parameters, and explanation of proximity of the profile function of pp interaction to one at small impact parameters, leading to the universality of cross sections at superhigh energies. We discuss briey theoretical challenges in the applications of pQCD to small x phenomena, the onset of BDL for hard processes at large energies and universal limiting behavior: F ₂, xG ∝ ln³(x _o/x), σ(γ T) ∝ ln³(s/s _o). We explain that the onset of BDL should be accompanied by generic nonlinear phenomena for the produced states such as kinks, different symmetry of final states, etc and related tunneling transitions. Characteristic features of QCD physics of central collisions at ultrahigh energies correspond to a new regime: (i) interaction is dominated by hard interactions of quarks and gluons leading to disappearance of the soft physics and hadronic degrees of freedom, (ii) change with energy of the space-time evolution of produced quark-gluon states, (iii) change of the avor composition of the produced system, (iv) formation of a color network, etc. Hence, such collisions are likely to result in the production of new forms of the QCD matter. We also comment on the implications of the discussed physics for cosmic ray interactions at ultrahigh energies and on the methods to get information necessary for modeling cosmic rays at energies much higher than LHC using planned experiments at LHC.     

Low- x QCD physics from RHIC and HERA to the LHC

We present a summary of the physics of gluon saturation and non-linear QCD evolution at small values of the parton momentum fraction x in the proton and nucleus in the context of recent experimental results at HERA and RHIC. The rich physics potential of low-x studies at the LHC, especially in the forward region, is discussed and some benchmark measurements in pp, pA and AA collisions are introduced.     

Energy dependence of the saturation scale and the charged multiplicity in pp and AA collisions

A natural framework to understand the energy dependence of bulk observables from lower energy experiments to the LHC is provided by the Color Glass Condensate, which leads to a “geometrical scaling” in terms of an energy-dependent saturation scale Q _s. The measured charged multiplicity, however, seems to grow faster ( ~ ?s^0.3{\sim}\sqrt{s}^{0.3}) in nucleus–nucleus collisions than it does for protons ( ~ ?s^0.2{\sim} \sqrt{s}^{0.2}), violating the expectation from geometric scaling. We argue that this difference between pp and AA collisions can be understood from the effect of DGLAP evolution on the value of the saturation scale, and is consistent with gluon saturation observations at HERA.     

Centrality Dependence of Productions for Single Hadrons and Inclusive Jets in High-Energy p+A Collisions with NLO QCD

By using the recent spatially dependent nuclear PDF set EPS09s, we investigated the centrality-dependent Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects for neutral π, η mesons and inclusive jets at RHIC in d+Au collisions and at LHC in p+Pb collisions. The nuclear modification factors as functions of transverse momentum are plotted at different centralities bins respectively. At all fixed centralities, the nuclear modification factors show no significant suppressions, contrast to the strong suppressions observed for central Au+Au collisions. Our results are consistent with the PHENIX preliminary Data in minimum bias and central d+Au collisions. The LHC experimental Data also support our predictions for both single inclusive hadron and inclusive jets productions in central p+Pb collisions. And the centrality dependence of the nuclear suppressions for all the observations in our calculations are lower than the RHIC and LHC Data.     

Physics perspectives of the ALICE experiment at the large hadron collider

The large hadron collider (LHC) under construction at CERN will deliver ion beams up to centre of mass energies of the order of 5.5 TeV per nucleon, in case of lead. If compared to the available facilities for the study of nucleus-nucleus collisions (SpS and RHIC), this represents a huge step forward in terms of both volume and energy density that can be attained in nuclear interactions. ALICE (a large ion collider experiment) is the only detector specifically designed for the physics of nuclear collisions at LHC, even though it can also study high cross-section processes occurring in proton-proton collisions. The main goal of the experiment is to observe and study the phase transition from hadronic matter to deconfined partonic matter (quark gluon plasma —QGP). ALICE is conceived as a general-purpose detector and will address most of the phenomena related to the QGP formation at LHC energies: for this purpose, a large fraction of the hadrons, leptons and photons produced in each interaction will be measured and identified.     

Out of medium fragmentation from long-lived jet showers

We study the time structure of vacuum jet evolution via a simple uncertainty principle estimate in the kinematic range explored by current heavy ion collisions at the LHC. We observe that a large fraction of the partonic splittings occur at large times, of the order of several fm. We compare the time distribution of vacuum splittings with the distribution of path lengths traversed by jets in a heavy ion collision. We find that if no medium induced modification of the jet dynamics were present, a very large fraction (larger than 80% for inclusive jets) of the jet splittings would occur outside of the medium. We confront this observation with current available data on jet properties in heavy ion collisions and discuss its implications for the dynamics of jet–medium interactions.     

Model Independent QED Corrections to the Process ep → eX

We give an exhaustive presentation of the semi-analytical approach to the model independent leptonic QED corrections to deep inelastic neutral current lepton-nucleon scattering. These corrections include photonic bremsstrahlung from and vertex corrections to the lepton current of the order φ(α) with soft photon exponentiation. A common treatment of these radiative corrections in several variables — leptonic, hadronic, mixed, Jaquet-Blondel variables — has been developed and double differential cross sections are calculated. In all sets of variables we use some structure functions, which depend on the hadronic variables and which do not have to be defined in the quark parton model. The remaining numerical integrations are twofold (for leptonic variables) or onefold (for all other variables). For the case of hadronic variables, all phase space integrals have been performed analytically. Numerical results are presented for a large kinematical range, covering fixed target as well as collider experiments at HERA or LEP⊗LHC, with a special emphasis on HERA physics.