Enhanced phase sensitivity with a nonconventional interferometer and nonlinear phase shifter

We propose a theoretical scheme of an enhanced phase sensitivity by introducing a nonlinear phase shifter to the nonconventional interferometer consisting of a balanced beam splitter (BBS) and an optical parameter amplifier (OPA), a modified nonlinear interferometer (MNI). Then we use coherent state and even coherent state as inputs and homodyne detection at one output port of the MNI for phase sensitivity, both without and with photon losses. We find that the nonlinear phase shifter can not only improve phase sensitivity, but also significantly resist the decoherence from photon losses. In comparison to both the BBS+OPA scheme with linear phase shifter and the traditional Mach–Zehnder interferometer with nonlinear one, the phase sensitivity of the MNI scheme shows the best performance. It is interesting that the nonlinear phase shifter can stimulate potential of the OPA, although there is no improvement in signal-to-noise ratio beyond standard quantum limit for the BBS+OPA scheme with a linear phase shifter.     

A coupled arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian and Lagrangian method for computation of free surface flows with insoluble surfactants

A finite element scheme to compute the dynamics of insoluble surfactant on a deforming free surface is presented. The free surface is tracked by the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach, whereas the surfactant concentration transport equation is approximated in a Lagrangian manner. Since boundary resolved moving meshes are used in the ALE approach, the surface tension, which may be a linear or nonlinear function of surfactant concentration (equation of state), and the Marangoni forces can be incorporated directly into the numerical scheme. Further, the Laplace–Beltrami operator technique, which reduces one order of differentiation associated with the curvature, is used to handle the curvature approximation. A number of 3D-axisymmetric computations are performed to validate the proposed numerical scheme. An excellent surfactant mass conservation without any additional mass correction scheme is obtained. The differences in using a linear and a nonlinear equation of state, respectively, on the flow dynamics of a freely oscillating droplet are demonstrated.     

双折射光纤中偏振相关的集总放大研究

研究了偏振相关的集总放大方案对非线性脉冲传输特性的影响.提出利用非线性增益的偏振相关集总放大方案去抑制脉冲偏振成分的分裂—融合碰撞行为和由随机双折射引起的线性色散波.数值计算结果表明:采用具有非线性增益的偏振相关集总放大方案,经过第一个放大器后脉冲的差分群时延变小,这说明了周期性的脉冲分裂—融合碰撞行为得到了有效的抑制.并且,随后的放大器因不同偏振相关的增益将促使脉冲偏振成分要么以呼吸振荡行为出现,要么以时域完全捕获行为出现.     

Quantum and classical correlations in tripartite Gaussian states of light

We demonstrate an optical scheme involving two interlinked nonlinear interactions taking place simultaneously in a second-order nonlinear crystal. The three-mode output state is fully inseparable and endowed with perfect photon-number correlations among the generated fields. In order to discriminate between classical and quantum correlations we evaluate the quantum noise reduction, i.e. compare the fluctuations of the difference photocurrent between one mode and the sum of the other two with those coming from three uncorrelated coherent states. Preliminary results indicate that our scheme may achieve three-mode sub-shot noise correlations with current technology.     

基于快速全线性预测控制的混沌系统控制与同步

针对连续时间混沌(超混沌)系统的控制问题, 提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的快速全线性广义预测控制算法. 利用线性扩张状态观测器估计和补偿混沌(超混沌)系统的非线性动力学和存在的不确定性, 将原始对象近似转化为积分器形式, 随后针对单积分器设计广义预测控制, 解决了预测控制计算量大的问题. 阶跃系数矩阵可以直接得到解析解, 而对于未来输出的预测则可以根据最近两个时刻的输出采样值直接计算得到, 避免了使用自校正算法和在线求解丢番图方程. 该线性算法可以直接应用于非线性对象的控制系统设计. 将该算法应用于典型Lorenz混沌系统的控制中, 数学仿真结果验证了有效性.     

Efficient scheme for three-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state generation

We propose an efficient scheme for the generation of three-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state with linear optics, nonlinear optics and postselection. Several devices are designed and a two-mode quantum nondemolition detection is introduced to obtain the desired state. It is worth noting that the states which have entanglement in both polarization and spatial degrees of freedom are created in one of the designed setups. The method described in the present scheme can create a large number of three-photon GHZ states in principle. We also discuss an approach to generate the desired GHZ state in the presence of channel noise.     

二维半导体问题在复合网格上的有限差分格式

半导体器件的瞬时状态由3个方程组成的非线性偏微分方程组的初边值问题决定.依据实际数值模拟的需要,提出了一类二维半导体问题在时空局部加密复合网格上的有限差分形式,电场位势方程、电子和空穴浓度方程分别用五点差分格式和修正迎风格式近似,且在交界面上采用线性插值,并给出了电子和空穴浓度的最大模误差估计,最后给出了数值算例.     

Nonlinear interactions with an ultrahigh flux of broadband entangled photons

We experimentally demonstrate sum-frequency generation with entangled photon pairs, generating as many as 40,000 photons per second, visible even to the naked eye. The nonclassical nature of the interaction is exhibited by a linear intensity dependence of the nonlinear process. The key element in our scheme is the generation of an ultrahigh flux of entangled photons while maintaining their nonclassical properties. This is made possible by generating the down-converted photons as broadband as possible, orders of magnitude wider than the pump. This approach can be applied to other nonlinear interactions, and may become useful for various quantum-measurement tasks.     

SC混沌比例投影同步方法在保密通信中的应用

利用基于线性稳定性准则的SC混沌比例投影同步方法,提出一种应用于保密通信的混沌掩盖方案.适当分离出混沌系统的线性项与非线性项,构造一个非线性驱动向量函数,混沌状态变量包含用于投影同步的比例因子,把所需传递的有用信息掩盖入其中一个分量上,得到混沌载波信号,提高加密信息的复杂度和解码的困难度.以Lorenz吸引子和超混沌Rössler吸引子为例进行数值仿真,详细分析传输的正弦信息加密解密全过程,给出简单、最优的混沌掩盖方案,数值分析证明比例投影同步方法应用于保密通信领域的有效性.     

自治混沌系统的线性和非线性广义同步

研究了自治混沌系统的广义同步问题.基于改进的状态观测器方法和极点配置技术，提出了一种新的广义同步方案，扩展了混沌广义同步的适用范围，并用该方法实现了自治混沌系统的线性及非线性广义同步.根据状态观测器理论，给出了驱动-响应系统获得全局渐进广义同步的充分条件.数值仿真实验进一步验证了所提方法的有效性.     

自治混沌系统的线性和非线性广义同步

研究了自治混沌系统的广义同步问题.基于改进的状态观测器方法和极点配置技术,提出了一种新的广义同步方案,扩展了混沌广义同步的适用范围,并用该方法实现了自治混沌系统的线性及非线性广义同步.根据状态观测器理论,给出了驱动-响应系统获得全局渐进广义同步的充分条件.数值仿真实验进一步验证了所提方法的有效性. 关键词： 自治混沌系统 广义同步 状态观测器 分段线性Chen系统     

A Girsanov particle filter in nonlinear engineering dynamics

In this Letter, we propose a novel variant of the particle filter (PF) for state and parameter estimations of nonlinear engineering dynamical systems, modelled through stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The aim is to address a possible loss of accuracy in the estimates due to the discretization errors, which are inevitable during numerical integration of the SDEs. In particular, we adopt an explicit local linearization of the governing nonlinear SDEs and the resulting linearization errors in the estimates are corrected using Girsanov transformation of measures. Indeed, the linearization scheme via transformation of measures provides a weak framework for computing moments and this fits in well with any stochastic filtering strategy wherein estimates are themselves statistical moments. We presently implement the strategy using a bootstrap PF and numerically illustrate its performance for state and parameter estimations of the Duffing oscillator with linear and nonlinear measurement equations.     

Quasi-two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates with spatially modulated cubic–quintic nonlinearities

We investigate exact nonlinear matter wave functions with odd and even parities in the framework of quasi-two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spatially modulated cubic–quintic nonlinearities and harmonic potential. The existence condition for these exact solutions requires that the minimum energy eigenvalue of the corresponding linear Schrödinger equation with harmonic potential is the cutoff value of the chemical potential λ. The competition between two-body and three-body interactions influences the energy of the localized state. For attractive two-body and three-body interactions, the larger the matter wave order number n, the larger the energy of the corresponding localized state. A linear stability analysis and direct simulations with initial white noise demonstrate that, for the same state (fixed n), increasing the number of atoms can add stability. A quasi-stable ground-state matter wave is also found for repulsive two-body and three-body interactions. We also discuss the experimental realization of these results in future experiments. These results are of particular significance to matter wave management in higher-dimensional BECs.     

NLOphoric Carbazole-Containing Push-Pull Extended Styryl Chromophores: Study of Photophysical Properties by Solvatochromic and DFT Method

Carbazole based extended Donor-π-Acceptor styryl dyes with intramolecular charge transfer characteristics were examined for their linear and nonlinear optical properties using solvatochromism, shifts in emission and density functional theory computations. All the extended styryls demonstrated positive solvatochromism. The extended styryl dyes showed largely improved photophysical properties and large Stokes shifts. The donor-acceptor interactions of the extended styryls were investigated by using generalized Mulliken-Hush method. Oscillator strengths and transition state dipole moments have been studied to understand charge transfer within the molecules. The nonlinear optical properties of the extended styryl were investigated by solvatochromic and density functional theory method.     

A novel mixed-synchronization phenomenon in coupled Chua’s circuits via non-fragile linear control

Dynamical variables of coupled nonlinear oscillators can exhibit different synchronization patterns depending on the designed coupling scheme.In this paper,a non-fragile linear feedback control strategy with multiplicative controller gain uncertainties is proposed for realizing the mixed-synchronization of Chua’s circuits connected in a drive-response configuration.In particular,in the mixed-synchronization regime,different state variables of the response system can evolve into complete synchronization,anti-synchronization and even amplitude death simultaneously with the drive variables for an appropriate choice of scaling matrix.Using Lyapunov stability theory,we derive some sufficient criteria for achieving global mixed-synchronization.It is shown that the desired non-fragile state feedback controller can be constructed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).Numerical simulations are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.     

Nonlinear photonic crystals: II. Interaction classification for quadratic nonlinearities

Weakly nonlinear interactions between wavepackets in lossless periodic dielectric media are studied based on the classical nonlinear Maxwell equations. We consider nonlinear processes such that: (i) the amplitude of the wave component due to the nonlinearity does not exceed the amplitude of its linear component; (ii) the spatial range of a probing wavepacket is much smaller than the dimension of the medium sample, and it is not too small compared with the dimension of the primitive cell. These nonlinear processes are naturally described in terms of the Bloch modes and the dispersion relations of the underlying linear periodic medium. It turns out that only a few triads of modes have significant nonlinear interactions. They are singled out by the frequency and phase matching conditions and, as we show, by an additional selection rule: the group velocity matching condition. The latter condition is the most important selection rule for the nonlinear regimes. We give a complete quantitative classification of all possible significant interactions for quadratic nonlinearities. The classification is based on a universal system of indices reflecting the intensity of nonlinear interactions. The obtained classification points to the second harmonic generation as being one of the stronger nonlinear interactions, and often the strongest one.     

Nonlinear photonic crystals: II. Interaction classification for quadratic nonlinearities

Abstract

Weakly nonlinear interactions between wavepackets in lossless periodic dielectric media are studied based on the classical nonlinear Maxwell equations. We consider nonlinear processes such that: (i) the amplitude of the wave component due to the nonlinearity does not exceed the amplitude of its linear component; (ii) the spatial range of a probing wavepacket is much smaller than the dimension of the medium sample, and it is not too small compared with the dimension of the primitive cell. These nonlinear processes are naturally described in terms of the Bloch modes and the dispersion relations of the underlying linear periodic medium. It turns out that only a few triads of modes have significant nonlinear interactions. They are singled out by the frequency and phase matching conditions and, as we show, by an additional selection rule: the group velocity matching condition. The latter condition is the most important selection rule for the nonlinear regimes. We give a complete quantitative classification of all possible significant interactions for quadratic nonlinearities. The classification is based on a universal system of indices reflecting the intensity of nonlinear interactions. The obtained classification points to the second harmonic generation as being one of the stronger nonlinear interactions, and often the strongest one.     

A survey of numerical methods for nonlinear filtering problems

The main goal of filtering is to obtain, recursively in time, good estimates of the state of a stochastic dynamical system based on noisy partial observations of the same. In settings where the signal/observation dynamics are significantly nonlinear or the noise intensities are high, an extended Kalman filter (EKF), which is essentially a first order approximation to an infinite dimensional problem, can perform quite poorly: it may require very frequent re-initializations and in some situations may even diverge. The theory of nonlinear filtering addresses these difficulties by considering the evolution of the conditional distribution of the state of the system given all the available observations, in the space of probability measures. We survey a variety of numerical schemes that have been developed in the literature for approximating the conditional distribution described by such stochastic evolution equations; with a special emphasis on an important family of schemes known as the particle filters. A numerical study is presented to illustrate that in settings where the signal/observation dynamics are non linear a suitably chosen nonlinear scheme can drastically outperform the extended Kalman filter.     

Explicit Multi-Symplectic Splitting Methods for the Nonlinear Dirac Equation

In this paper, we propose two new explicit multi-symplectic splitting methods for the nonlinear Dirac (NLD) equation. Based on its multi-symplectic formulation, the NLD equation is split into one linear multi-symplectic system and one nonlinear infinite Hamiltonian system. Then multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method and multi-symplectic Preissmann scheme are employed to discretize the linear subproblem, respectively. And the nonlinear subsystem is solved by a symplectic scheme. Finally, a composition method is applied to obtain the final schemes for the NLD equation. We find that the two proposed schemes preserve the total symplecticity and can be solved explicitly. Numerical experiments are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Design of Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Model Based Intelligence Computing for Efficient State Estimation of Underwater Passive Target

In this study, an intelligent computing paradigm built on a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) feedback neural network model with the strength of deep learning is presented for accurate state estimation of an underwater passive target. In underwater scenarios, real-time motion parameters of passive objects are usually extracted with nonlinear filtering techniques. In filtering algorithms, nonlinear passive measurements are associated with linear kinetics of the target, governing by state space methodology. To improve tracking accuracy, effective feature estimation and minimizing position error of dynamic passive objects, the strength of NARX based supervised learning is exploited. Dynamic artificial neural networks, which contain tapped delay lines, are suitable for predicting the future state of the underwater passive object. Neural networks-based intelligence computing is effectively applied for estimating the real-time actual state of a passive moving object, which follows a semi-curved path. Performance analysis of NARX based neural networks is evaluated for six different scenarios of standard deviation of white Gaussian measurement noise by following bearings only tracking phenomena. Root mean square error between estimated and real position of the passive target in rectangular coordinates is computed for evaluating the worth of the proposed NARX feedback neural network scheme. The Monte Carlo simulations are conducted and the results certify the capability of the intelligence computing over conventional nonlinear filtering algorithms such as spherical radial cubature Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter for given state estimation model.