Search for chiral bands in A~110 neutron-rich nuclei

High spin states in A~110 neutron-rich ¹⁰⁶Mo, ¹¹⁰Ru and ¹¹²Ru nuclei have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt γ-rays from the spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf. Two similar sets of bands are observed to high spins in each of three nuclei. Through analyzing of characters of the band structures, the chiral doublet bands are suggested in ¹⁰⁶Mo, ¹¹⁰Ru and ¹¹²Ru.     

A composite chiral pair of rotational bands in the odd-A nucleus 135Nd

High-spin states in 135Nd were populated with the 110Pd(30Si,5n)135Nd reaction at a 30Si bombarding energy of 133 MeV. Two DeltaI=1 bands with close excitation energies and the same parity were observed. These bands are directly linked by DeltaI=1 and DeltaI=2 transitions. The chiral nature of these two bands is confirmed by comparison with three-dimensional tilted axis cranking calculations. This is the first observation of a three-quasiparticle chiral structure and establishes the primarily geometric nature of this phenomenon.     

Two-quasiparticle bands in neutron-rich nuclei

The large multi-detector arrays such as EUROBALL and GAMMASPHERE have made possible the study of the spectroscopy of neutron-rich nuclei through the observation of discrete, prompt -rays emitted following fission. Most of the information obtained has concerned yrast states and collective excitations. In the present work, a search has been made for excited bands based upon two-quasiparticle intrinsic structures. Such bands have been found in several even-even nuclei from ⁹⁶Sr to ¹¹²Pd. Careful analysis of triple-coincidence spectra has been performed in order to determine branching ratios within the bands. These branching ratios are then used to establish the magnetic properties of the intrinsic structure, permitting, in most cases, the determination of which Nilsson orbits (and whether they are neutron or proton states) are contributing to the excitation. Some example results from this search are presented.Received: 1 November 2002, Published online: 2 March 2004PACS: 23.20.Lv transitions and level energies - 21.60.Ev Collective models - 27.60. + j      

Alpha-particle superfluid bands in nuclei

The systematics of α-particle separation energy is studied from the point of view of pairing-rotational structure. Two mass regions are identified where collective pairing bands can exist. The moment of these bands is compared with linear sums of (n-n) and (p-p) bands and an increase in collectivity of factor 10 is deduced.     

Chiral doublet bands in odd-odd nuclei

The criteria for chiral doublet bands based on one particle and one hole coupled to a triaxial rotor have been summarized. Candidate chiral doublet bands in A~100 and 130 odd-odd nuclei were checked against these chiral criteria. Two representative cases, nearly degenerate ΔI =1 doublet bands in ¹²⁶Cs and ¹⁰⁶Rh were investigated in the two quasiparticles coupled with a triaxial rotor model. After including the pairing correlation, good agreement has been obtained between the calculated results and the data available, which supports the interpretation of observed doublet bands as chiral bands.     

Rotational bands in light neutron-rich nuclei

A simple cluster model is used to describe rotational bands in light neutron-rich nuclei. It is concluded that bands observed earlier had a cluster structure.     

Chiroptical spectra of molecules with nearly degenerate electronic states

The influence of vibronic interactions on the chiroptical spectra associated with pairs of nearly degenerate electronic transitions in chiral systems is examined on a formal theoretical model. We consider the special case in which two nearly degenerate electronic states are coupled by a single non-totally symmetric vibrational mode. Formal expressions are developed for the rotatory strengths of individual vibronic transitions in this coupled system. Calculations based on these expressions are carried out for a large number of parameter sets appropriate for various energy spacings between the unperturbed electronic states, vibronic coupling strengths, oscillator (vibrational mode) frequencies, and electronic rotatory strengths. The calculated results demonstrate the profound influence of vibronic interactions on the sign patterns and intensity distributions within the rotatory strength spectrum associated with the two coupled electronic states. The implications of these results for interpretations of circular dichroism spectra are discussed.     

Magnetic transitions in strong coupling expansions for nearly degenerate states

A strong coupling expansion for a two‐band Hubbard model on two sites with nearly degenerate states is considered. A comparative analysis is performed for different schemes of perturbation theory which are applicable to systems with nearly degenerate states. A fourth order approach which builds on a four‐dimensional low‐energy subspace with nearly degenerate states captures accurately the transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic ground state at large on‐site Coulomb interaction.     

Stability of ferromagnetism in Hubbard models with nearly flat bands

Whether spin-independent Coulomb interaction in an electron system can be the origin of ferromagnetism has been an open problem for a long time. Recently, a constructive approach to this problem has been developed, and the existence of ferromagnetism in the ground states of certain Hubbard models was established rigorously. A special feature of these Hubbard models is that their lowest bands (in the corresponding single-electron problems) are completely flat. Here we study models obtained by adding small but arbitrary translation-invariant perturbation to the hopping Hamiltonian of these flat-band models. The resulting models have nearly flat lowest bands. We prove that the ferromagnetic state is stable against a single-spin flip provided that Coulomb interactionU is sufficiently large. (It is easily found that the same state is unstable against a single-spin flip ifU is small enough.) We also prove upper and lower bounds for the dispersion relation of the lowest energy eigenstate with a single flipped spin, which bounds establish that the model has healthy spin-wave excitation. It is notable that the (local) stability of ferromagnetism is proved in nonsingular Hubbard models, in which we must overcome competition between the kinetic energy and the Coulomb interaction. We also note that this is one of the very few rigorous and robust results which deal with truly non-perturbative phenomena in many-electron systems. The local stability strongly suggests that the Hubbard models with nearly flat bands have ferromagnetic ground states. We believe that the present models can be studied as paradigm models for (insulating) ferromagnetism in itinerant electron systems.     

Collective bands in doubly even Sn nuclei

Starting from a simplified picture treating proton two-particle two-hole excitations coupled with spherical quadrupole vibrations, in interaction with the low-lying quadrupole vibrational states in the doubly even Sn nuclei, we are able to account for a regular ΔJ = 2 band structure on top of excited J^π = 0⁺ states. We compare in some detail results for ¹¹⁶Sn concering energy spectra and E2 transition rates.     

Quasi-rotation-aligned bands in the odd-odd Au nuclei

Newly observed negative parity bands of the low lying high spin states in the odd-odd Au nuclei (^190,192,194 Au) are explained in the framework wherein the two odd quasi-particles ($\text{π}\text{h}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{?v}\text{i}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$) are coupled to the gamma deformed core. Interesting physical situations leading to different kinds of level structures and electromagnetic properties are pointed out. The present data are shown to represent the dynamical situation which for the high spin states, due to the energy considerations, does not prefer the mixing of various intrinsic angular momentum states of the two quasi-particle configuration. This property in turn allows the formation of rotational-like bands on these intrinsic states.     

Pattern formation in forced reaction diffusion systems with nearly degenerate bifurcations

The existence and stability of stable standing-wave patterns in an assembly of spatially distributed generic oscillators governed by a couple of complex Ginzburg-Landau equations, subjected to parametric forcing, are reported. The mechanism of a dispersion-induced pattern in dissipative oscillators parametrically forced near the degenerate Turing-Hopf bifurcation is also illustrated. We show that, when excitation occurs just after the Turing bifurcation and before the Hopf instability, the system exhibits a new type of stable standing-wave structures, namely the mixed-mode solutions. The Brussellator-model, parametrically forced below the threshold of oscillations, is analyzed as an example of calculation.     

Chiral geometry in multiple chiral doublet bands

The chiral geometry of multiple chiral doublet bands with identical configuration is discussed for different triaxial deformation parameters γ in the particle rotor model with πh_(11)/2γh_(11/2)~(-1).The energy spectra,electromagnetic transition probabilities B(M1) and B(E2),angular momenta,and K-distributions are studied.It is demonstrated that the chirality still remains not only in the yrast and yrare bands,but also in the two higher excited bands whenγ deviates from 30°.The chiral geometry relies significantly on γ,and the chiral geometry of the two higher excited partner bands is not as good as that of the yrast and yrare doublet bands.     

Microscopic description of mixed-symmetry states in nearly spherical nuclei

We adopt the quasiparticle-phonon model to investigate the phonon content and the proton-neutron symmetry of low-lying states recently discovered in nuclei around shell closure. The results are in overall agreement with experiments and consistent with the interacting boson model.     

A pair of excited superdeformed bands in196Pb

Two excited superdeformed bands have been found in¹⁹⁶Pb using the GASP-ray spectrometer array. They are signature-partner bands with a small signature splitting developing at higher frequencies, similar to bands 2 and 3 in the isotone¹⁹⁴Hg. The bands are probably built on an excited neutron configuration. They show an unusual incremental alignment of 1/2 with respect to the¹⁹⁴Pb core.Communicated by: B. Herskind     

Criteria for comparison of bands in even-even nuclei

A cluster model gives a satisfactory reproduction of normal deformed (ND) ground state bands in a wide range of even-even nuclei. We show here that the fractional change of the transition energies in two bands is closely related to the fractional change in the corresponding reduced masses. We compare our predictions to data on ground state ND bands for a series of light rare-earth and actinide isotopes.